CIRCULAR AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS A WAY TO REALIZE BLUE BIOECONOMY

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2 CIRCULAR AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS A WAY TO REALIZE BLUE BIOECONOMY Kristina Snuttan Sundell SWEMARC - The Swedish Mariculture Research Center And Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg, Sweden As well as Department of Biology, University of Bergen SWEMARC SWEDISH MARICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER

3 Ugot challenges University of Gothenburg and The Western Region working together towards :

4 SWEMARC - the global challenge: Food for all also year 2050? - to find solutions for increased food production to meet the needs of a growing world population, while reducing the ecological footprint, protecting natural resources and ecosystems and advancing rural development Population 7.6 billion Population 8.5 billion Population 9.7 billion UN DESA World population prospects 2015

5 SWEMARC The Swedish Mariculture Research Center at the center for sea and society, University of Gothenburg A transdisciplinary environment with main goal to increase the marine aquaculture in an environmentally friendly way through interdisciplinary and community engaging research. A major aim is to develop the Swedish mariculture sector, but we also have the ambition to generate knowledge that can be applied globally SWEMARC SWEDISH MARICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER

6 Swemarc gathers scientists from many disciplines uses inter and transdisciplinary working methods Faculty of science School of business economics and law Faculty of social science John Armbrecht Sverker Jagers Kåre Skallerud Guest prof Johan Martinsson Niklas Harring Kristina Snuttan Sundell Susanne Eriksson Thrandur Björnsson Elisabeth Jönsson Bergman Mats Lindegarth Matthew Hargrave, PhD student Henrik Pavia Göran Nylund Academy of Design and Crafts Center for Sea and Society Jonas Nilsson PhD-student David Langlet Lena Mossberg Maria Nyström Carl-Johan Skogh Susan Gotensparre Henrik Sundh Ingela Dahllöf Ida Heden, PhD student Susanne Lindegarth Barry Costa- Pierce, guest prof Maria Holmquist Bengt Liljebladh Yonqi Lou Guest prof

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8 Fish and shellfish is nutritious food C C C C C C C H 3 C C C C C C C C C C C C C O OH Ω-3 EPA = 20:5 (n-3) Marine lipids -3 fatty acids Vitamines Vitamine D, A, E Proteins essential amino acids Trace elements selenium, iodine, phosphate

9 .and tasty or

10 Miljoner ton World fisheries and Aquaculture World fisheries Global Aquaculture Fish Molluscan shellfish: mussels and oysters Crustacean Algae år SOFIA, FAO, 2016, nature

11 Global Seafood consumtion We eat > 20 kg sea food per person and year Total From Aquaculture From wild fisheries Every other fish we eat is farmed!

12 Fish is more for less Meat for consumption: 100 kg ~ 85 kg Photo P. Nilsson kg kg Farmed fish are more efficient than pigs, chicken and beef in converting feed into eadible product

13 Huge potential in the oceans Land Protein: fish, shellfish and algae Protein, terrestrial animals Fresh water Oceans Vegetables and grain Diary products and egg Gentry et al Ward, 2003 FAO 2016

14 but we face some challenges: Unsustainable use of wild marine species for feed Legal and administrative frameworks not catching up with aquaculture development Release of wastes and toxins? Sceptical public opinions, or lack of knowledge, about aquaculture Physical/cultural exploitation and interference with traditional activities

15 Closed containment systems for fish and shellfish Semi-closed systems in the sea Particle catch from open cages Recirculating aquaculture systems on land

16 Extractive species convert nutrients to valuable biomass The grazers of the sea Blue mussels, sea squirts, oysters and other filtering organisms The algae assimilate the dissolved nutrients and convert it into biomass And! They are important CO 2 sinks!

17 Detrivors sediment eaters Sjögurkor i Kinesisk affär Stichopus tremulus Havsborstmaskar Exciting and new bioresources - and food Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis Eccinus esculentus

18 Combine them: MTA - MultiTrophic Aquaculture Cultivation of several species from different trophic levels in the same water system Crustacean or

19 Circular production of marine food - using the waste as feed ingredients Feed ingredients Waste, low-trophic organisms and side streams Products

20 Added value: use and increase value of all parts of the circular marine production and also circulate up on land All the different products described yesterday + a few more : 50% left for non human consumption Shopping bags from algea Road pavement from oyster shells Solar cell panels from diatoms

21 Can we do this? - and add an important Nordic contribution to the global food resilience through circular blue bioeconomy? Yes, but we need to: Continue the reseach and development of technical solutions for sustainable farming systems Increase species diversity and explore new sites of production Continue to research and develop sustainable aquafeeds with focus on health and welfare of the farmed animals Focus research and development on utilization of the sludge created

22 Can we do this? - and add an important Nordic contribution to the global food resilience through circular blue bioeconomy? and last but not least: We need help from our politicians to make sure that laws and regulations are up-to date allows us to research and develop all these fantastic possibilities : Review and investigate laws and regulations regarding permits and supervision of aquaculture systems Review and investigate laws and regulations regarding valuable side-flows and bio-resources - today regarded as "waste"

23 Finally a big thank you to the Nordic Council of Ministers Start Fall 2019!

24 Thank you so much for your attention Visit us at: