The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Transcription

1

2 Preview A New Kind of Revolution Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain Main Idea / Reading Focus A Revolution in Great Britain A Revolution in Textiles Steam Powers the Revolution Faces of History: James Watt Industrialization Spreads

3 Click the icon to play Listen to History audio. Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps.

4 Main Idea Reading Focus A New Kind of Revolution 1. In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles? How did steam power the Industrial Revolution? Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

5 A Revolution in Great Britain During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution. Factors for Success Exploration and colonialism Seapower Political stability Government support Growth of private investment Agricultural Factors Research and development on farms Jethro Tull, seed drill Improved livestock breeding Better varieties of food crops Increased food supply Population grew Enclosure movement

6 Britain s Big Advantage The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. Had essential elements for economic success Factors of production Land Labor Capital

7 Find the Main Idea Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated trade; waterways provided power and transportation; enclosure movement led to large labor supply; private investors provided funds for investment; coal and iron deposits provided needed resources

8 A Revolution in Textiles 2. Textile Industry Beginning of Industrial Revolution Weaving was a cottage industry Labor performed at home Industrialization transformed this New Way of Making Cloth Fabric made of wool or cotton Supply of fibers increased in the 1700s Slave labor in America Invention of cotton gin Invention of spinning jenny Invention of flying shuttle Cloth-making in Factories Cottages too small Factory invented Power for factories? Water frame for water power Output increased 8x by 1770

9 Identify Problem and Solution How did machines solve problems that weavers faced? Answer(s): spinning jenny and spinning frame spun thread into yarn, "flying shuttle" and power loom made weaving faster

10 Steam Powers the Revolution Development of Steam Engine First successful steam engine in 1712 Innovations by James Watt Steam power versus water power Steam locomotives Coal for Steam Engines Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel Wood scarce Coal mining industry Changing landscapes Dangers of mining Steamships Robert Fulton

11

12 Make Generalizations What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of British industry? Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills, factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near northern coal mines

13 Industrialization Spreads 3. Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry? Why Western Countries? Political liberty Freedom to compete Rewards reaped Exploitation and improvements America British restrictions Hamilton, 1791 Samuel Slater Water frame Slater s Mill Lowell s Mill Europe Belgium, 1807 France, 1815 Germany, 1850 Railroads Treaties

14 Industry in Asia Eventually, industry spread to Asia. Japan first in 1868 Meiji government The 1900s industrialization for China India Russia

15 Compare and Contrast How did industrialization in Britain compare to the process in America and Europe? Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America and Europe benefited from earlier inventions; Lowell factory in Massachusetts was first all-inone mill; political issues delayed industrial development in continental Europe