NON-SEQUESTRATION UTILIZATION OPTIONS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

Transcription

1 NON-SEQUESTRATION UTILIZATION OPTIONS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) Table of Contents A Report by Nexant s CHEMSYSTEMS Process Evaluation/Research Planning (PERP) Program PERP09S/10S10 - Published February 2012 Section Page 1 Introduction OUTLINE OF THE REPORT BASIS FOR THE ECONOMICS Pricing Basis MARKET ANALYSIS OF CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION Organic Carbonates TECHNOLOGY KEY PLAYERS ECONOMICS Economics of Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) Production Via CO 2 -Derived Ethyl Carbonate Economics of Polycarbonate Production via CO 2 Derived Ethyl Carbonate COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Status of Development and Timing for Commercialization Required Steps for Commercialization and Key Challenges MARKET ANALYSIS Global Market United States Market China Market Potential CO 2 Utilization Volumes

2 3 Algae Oils and Fuels TECHNOLOGY KEY PLAYERS Algenol Cellana, Inc (HR Biopetroleum) Sapphire Energy Seambiotic Solix ENN Oil and Chemical Majors ECONOMICS OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION UTILIZING CO 2 AND ALGAE TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Status of Development and Timing for Commercialization Required Steps for Commercialization and Key Challenges MARKET ANALYSIS Global Ethanol Market United States Ethanol Market China Ethanol Market Potential CO 2 Utilization Volumes Synthesis Gas TECHNOLOGY KEY PLAYERS COMMENTS ON ECONOMIC POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Status of Development and Timing for Commercialization Required Steps for Commercialization and Key Challenges MARKET ANALYSIS Global Market United States Market China Market Potential CO 2 Utilization Volumes Urea, Salicylic Acid, Food and Beverages/Miscellaneous Uses TECHNOLOGY

3 5.1.1 Urea Salicylic Acid Food, Beverages and Miscellaneous Uses KEY PLAYERS ECONOMICS FOR UREA PRODUCTION UTILIZING CO COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Status of Development Required Steps for Commercialization and Key Challenges MARKET ANALYSIS Global Market United States China Market Potential CO 2 Utilization Volumes Methanol TECHNOLOGY KEY PLAYERS COMMENTS ON ECONOMIC POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Status of Development and Timing for Commercialization Required Steps for Commercialization and Key Challenges MARKET ANALYSIS Global Market United States Market China Market Potential CO 2 Utilization Volumes Miscellaneous Fuels TECHNOLOGY KEY PLAYERS COMMENTS ON ECONOMIC POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Status of Development and Timing for Commercialization Required Steps for Commercialization and Key Challenges MARKET ANALYSIS Global Market

4 7.5.2 United States Market China Market Potential CO 2 Utilization Volumes Cement TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR USING CO 2 IN CEMENT PRODUCTION Calera Carbon Sense Solutions Novacem KEY PLAYERS COMMENTS ON ECONOMIC POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Status of Development and Timing for Commercialization Required Steps for Commercialization and Key Challenges MARKET ANALYSIS Global Market United States Market China Market Potential CO 2 Utilization Volumes Regulations and Legal Framework AUSTRALIA BRAZIL CHINA EUROPEAN UNION GERMANY INDIA INDONESIA JAPAN MEXICO NORWAY UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES CONCLUSION Glossary

5 11 References Appendix Page A Dimethyl Ether... A-1 B Physical Properties, Storage and Transportation of CO 2... B-1 C Capital Cost Elements... C-1 D Operating Cost Elements... D-1 E PERP Program Title Index (2000/ /2011)... E-1 5

6 Figure Page 2.1 Asahi Kasei/ Chi Mei Melt Polycarbonate Process Global DMC Consumption by End-Use, Regional DMC Consumption Forecast China DMC Consumption Forecast by End-Use Algae Process Oil and Chemical Majors Involvement in Algae Biofuels Regional Ethanol Consumption Forecast United States Ethanol Consumption Forecast China Ethanol Consumption Forecast Conventional Steam Methane Reforming Block Flow Diagram for Combined CO 2 and Steam Methane Reforming Sandia s CR Global Syngas Consumption Forecast United States Syngas Consumption Forecast China Syngas Consumption Forecast Urea Yield as a Function of NH 3 /CO 2 Ratio Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Urea at Different Temperatures Snamprogetti Ammonia Stripping Process for Urea Production of Urea Simplified Salicylic Acid Production by Kolbe-Schmitt Method Pressure Temperature Diagram of Carbon Dioxide Illustrating the Critical Point Global Urea Consumption by Application Global Urea Consumption by Application United States urea consumption by end use China Urea Consumption Forecast Bench Scale 50 kg per day Methanol Synthesis Plant Electrolytic Methanol Synthesis Global Methanol Consumption by End-Use, Regional Methanol Consumption Forecast United States Methanol Consumption by End-Use China Methanol Consumption by End-Use Mantra ERC System

7 7.2 Representative schematic of ECFORM reactor Representation of a Flow Through Photocatalyst Array Regional Gasoline Consumption United States Gasoline Consumption Forecast China Gasoline Consumption Calera Cement Production Pilot Plant Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water at Different Pressures/Temperatures CO 2 Speciation and Solubility at 25 C And P(CO 2 ) 0.1 MPa With a Total Carbon(IV) Activity = Global Cement Consumption Forecast United States Cement Consumption Forecast China Cement Consumption Forecast Table Page 1.1 Prices of Raw Materials, Byproducts, and Manpower Estimate for a 136 kta Dimethyl Carbonate Transesterification Plant Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethylene Carbonate Cost of Production Estimate for: Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) kta Ethylene Carbonate Plant Utilizing CO kta Asahi Kasei/Chi Mei Polycarbonate Plant Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethylene Carbonate Cost of Production Estimate for: Bisphenol A (BPA) Cost of Production Estimate for: Polycarbonate Regional DMC Consumption Forecast Speculative CO 2 Utilization Volume in DMC Production CO 2 Utilization Volume in Polycarbonate Production Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanol Regional Ethanol Consumption Forecast Speculative CO 2 Utilization Volume in Ethanol Production Typical Characteristic Syngas Composition Global Syngas Consumption Forecast Speculative CO 2 Utilization Volume in Methane Reforming Cost of Production Estimate for: Ammonia

8 5.2 Cost of Production Estimate for: Urea Global Urea Consumption Forecast - by Region Speculative CO 2 Utilization Volume in Urea Production Regional Methanol Consumption Forecast Speculative CO 2 Utilization in Methanol Production Regional Gasoline Consumption Speculative CO 2 Utilization Volume in Gasoline Seawater Composition by Average Concentrations of the Major Ions Global Cement Consumption Forecast Speculative CO 2 Utilization in Cement Production First Three Carbon Budgets

9 CHEMSYSTEMS PERP PROGRAM The ChemSystems Process Evaluation/Research Planning (PERP) program is recognized globally as the industry standard source for information relevant to the chemical process and refining industries. PERP reports are available as a subscription program or on a single report basis. Contact Details: London: Dr. Alexander Coker, Manager, PERP Program Phone: + 44-(20) , acoker@nexant.com New York: Heidi Junker Coleman, Multi-Client Programs Administrator Phone: , hcoleman@nexant.com Shanghai: Dr. Y. Larry Song, General Manager, Nexant China Phone: , ylsong@nexant.com Nexant, Inc. ( is a leading management consultancy to the global energy, chemical, and related industries. For over 38 years, ChemSystems has helped clients increase business value through assistance in all aspects of business strategy, including business intelligence, project feasibility and implementation, operational improvement, portfolio planning, and growth through M&A activities. Nexant has its main offices in San Francisco (California), White Plains (New York), and London (UK), and satellite offices worldwide. Copyright by Nexant Inc All Rights Reserved. 9