Energetic use of biomass in the city of Hamburg

Transcription

1 Energetic use of biomass in the city of Hamburg Jörn Franck BIOWERK Hamburg GmbH & Co. KG Regional Training Seminar Support_ERS City of Bucharest 9 th June 2009 Folie 1

2 Introduction The city of Hamburg General conditions for renewable energy Biogas plant Stellinger Moor Hamburg Aim of project Plant technique Operational experience Public acceptance 2/43

3 From a total of 16 states, Hamburg is the second smallest in the Federal Republic of Germany, but the second largest city after Berlin There are 1.8 million inhabitants in approx households The city has approx. 755 km² area which brings it to inhabitants/km² There is Industry (Harbour shipyards and aviation and Commerce (trade, media and entertainment) and a strong expansion into the metropolitan region 3/43

4 waste utilisation waste disposal /43

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6 WtE Plant 6/43

7 Gas from landfill sites for electricity production Wind power Solar power Biomass One biomass incineration plant (20 MW electrical output) One anaerobic fermentation plant for organic waste (1 MW electrical output) One compost plant with dry fermentation in planning (approx. 500 kw electrical output) 7/43

8 EU law European ban on animal feeding with food leftover since the (EU regulation No. 1774/ hygiene of the disposal of animal waste). German law for the disposal of animal by-products since the Changes on the waste market No more utilisation of food leftover as feedstock. The law leads to new disposal ways for animal by-products (esp. class 2 and 3 material) 8/43

9 Germanys National Biomass allocation plan Until 2020 the heat production shall increase from today 6,6 % up to 14 % by renewable energy Until % of the German electrical power production shall come from renewable energy Heat from Biomass Renewable Energy Heat law ( ) Compulsary use of renewable energy for new buildings Financial incentive programme for investments Electricity from Biomass Renewable Energy Law ( ) Fixed income for electricity output from biogas plants Combined heat and power law Additional income for electricity output for CHP systems Biogas feed into the gas grid 9/43

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13 Approx plants in Germany mainly in agriculture. Electrical plant size from 70 kw up to kw Approx MW installed electrical output in Germany 13/43

14 Methane rate Animal Farming Crop Farming Animal byproducts Food-production residues Household Wastes 14/43

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16 BIOCYCLING GmbH 47,5 % Collection and disposal of waste from supermarkets (expired foodstuff) and food leftover from restaurants. ETH Umwelttechnik GmbH 5 % Treatment of organic waste for the utilisation in agriculture SRH Beteiligungs- GmbH 47,5 % Collection and disposal of household waste in Hamburg, operation of waste treatment plants (WTE) 16/43

17 Strategic aspects Utilising legal changes on the waste market Enhancing customer relationship Creating a strategic alliance with new partners Economic aspects Reducing the treatment costs for organic waste. Creating additional income Gaining a profit out of plant operation 17/43

18 Waste BIOCYCLING Energy, packaging, premises SRH Residues BIOWERK Energy, technical support, waste ETH 18/43

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20 Approved for waste treatment facilities Existing location for waste treatment facilities since 1972 Waste transfer station, Pre-treatment, Incineration (WTE) Short availability of suitable area Good infrastructure Logistics (Motorway) Technical support Weighbridge Infrastructure for energy transfer (heat and electricity, in and out) Utilisation of packaging in the nearby WTE-Plant 20/43

21 Four stages of anaerobic digestion: 1. The first stage is hydrolysis, where complex organic molecules are broken down into simple sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids with the addition of hydroxyl groups. 2. The second stage is acidogenesis where a further breakdown into simpler molecules occurs, producing ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide as by-products. 3. The third stage is acetogenesis where the simple molecules from acidogenesis are further digested to produce carbon dioxide, hydrogen and mainly acetic acid, although higher-molecular-weight organic acids (e.g., propionic, butyric, valeric) are also produced. CO 2 + 4H 2 CH 4 + 2H 2 O 4. The fourth stage is methanogenesis where methane, carbon dioxide and water are produced. acetic acid CH 4 + CO 2 + H 2 O 21/43

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23 Input Expired foodstuff Mg/a Water Mg/a Mixed waste Mg/a Oil and fat Mg/a Total input Mg/a Output Digestion Residue Mg/a Biogas Mg/a Packaging and Metals Mg/a Total output Mg/a Energy Electrical energy 6,70 Mio kwh/a Thermal energy 7,00 Mio kwh/a 23/43

24 Waste pre-treatment Shredder Separation Hydrolysis Thermal treatment Anaerobe Digestion Mesophilic at C 40 days residence Gas treatment and utilisation Digestion residue Desulphurisation Drying Energy production Utilisation as fertilizer 24/43

25 Unpacked waste Food left over Fruits and vegetables Meat Packed waste Bakery Meat and Eggs Yoghurt and milk products 25/43

26 CHP-plant + stack Desulphurisation Digestion Thermal treatment Storage tank Fat tank Bio filter Hydrolysis Heat exchanger Treatment hall Transformer station

27 Bunker solid waste 80 m³ 240 m³ Shredder Mixing Tank Hydrolysis 30 m³ 30 m³ Heat Treatment 70 C, 1 h Gas Cleaning Dewaster m³ 910 m³ Reject m³ Oil and grease tank 50 m³ Fermentation Storage Tank Exhaust Liquid residue 50 m³ Heat Liquid waste tank Electricity 1,064 MW elektrisch 1,104 MW thermisch CHP-Plant 27/43

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31 Gas production rate 330 m³/h Energy content Biogas ca. 6,5 kwh/m³ Engine MWM Deutz 12 Zylinder V kw electrical power kw thermal power Overall efficiency 82,6 % 6,7 Mio kwh/a Electricity 7,0 Mio kwh/a Heat 31/43

32 Jahresentwicklungen % des Planwertes Abfalldurchsatz Gasproduktion Stromabgabe Wärmeabgabe 32/43

33 Strom- und Gaserzeugung Datum Gasproduktion Stromproduktion 33/43

34 The mechanical treatment of packed waste caused problems: No suitable waste fractions, e. g. bricks, large metals Shredder throughput too small Conveyer blockage with large pieces Dewaster throughput limited The mechanical system has to be modified severely. The biological process runs stable. The gas production rate achieved so far up to 80 % of the design value. The gas quality is high enough to run the CHP plant (> 60 % CH4). The CHP-plant shows no problems with the biogas or its components. 34/43

35 Investment for the biogas plant approx. 5 Mio. EUR Income Income from waste treatment biogas plant << WTE plant Income from energy export Electricity approx. 11,5 Ct/kWh (due to EEG and KWKG) Heat approx. 1 Ct/kWh Costs Operating resources (Water, energy, chemicals etc.) Residue disposal/utilisation (digestion residue, packaging) Maintenance (CHP-plant and machinery) (ca. 2,5 % of the invest) Personnel (4) Rental fee for premises Capital costs Amortisation 15 years for construction, 10 yeas for machinery Return on invest: 10 years 35/43

36 Sport Arena BGP WTE Soccer Stadium 36/43

37 The biogas plant took part in the green goal initiative of the FIFA world championship The heat produced by the biogas plant is provided to the nearby stadium for hot water supply and air conditioning. The heat energy provided to the stadium is considered to be a renewable energy since there will be no additional climatic relevant gases such as carbon dioxides emitted. The biogas plant thereby substitutes fossil fuel through using organic waste. The equivalent CO 2 -Reduction comes to about ca t/a 37/43

38 Obeying the waste hierarchy Avoid waste Reuse waste Dispose/treat waste Two basic options for waste treatment Mechanical and/or biological waste treatment Thermal treatment (waste to energy) Most common questions for the public are: Are there any health impacts? Are there any environmental impacts? What are the economical impacts? 38/43

39 Arguments pro Avoiding landfilling and thereby diffuse methan emissions Renewable source, no additional greenhouse gas, substitution of fossile fuels Cost effective use of organic waste for energy production Producing fertiliser and thereby achieving a 100 % waste recycling Arguments against Gas- and odour emission Explosive risk Health aspects 39/43

40 Applicant Authority Public Application for wte-plant Examination of the application Participation of the involved, like Communities, Public parties etc. Determination of the extent of the environmental impact Study Publication of the Application Project concerns Evaluation of all concerns Public concerns Response and changes Public discussion of the application amongst Authority, Public and Applicant Participation Plant permit with obligations 40/43

41 Description of the project and the site location Building concerns and site drainage Detailed description of the plant operation Materials and waste management Handling of water polluting substances Air pollution control Energy usage Protection against noise and vibration Safety aspects of the plant Fire prevention and water containments Occupational health and safety aspects Environmental impact study and nature protection 41/43

42 : Submission of application : Permit granted for construction : Foundation of BIOWERK Hamburg GmbH & Co. KG : Begin of construction on site : Permit granted for operation : First engine test with Biogas : Official opening of the plant : Start of the operating test Folie 42

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