Zero Energy Part 3 Systems: Renewables + HVAC + DHW

Transcription

1 Zero Energy Part 3 Systems: Renewables + HVAC + DHW What do I know?! I m not a mechanical engineer!! Session Topics ZNE Part 1 takeaways Design integration Choosing systems Construction follow through Climate specific examples Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

2 ZNE Part 1 Takeaways: PROCESS 1. Set early, specific performance goals 2. Focus on efficiency 3. Adopt an integrated process 4. Learn from CASE studies ( Copy And Steal Everything ) 5. Revisit goals & check progress often ZNE Part 1 Takeaways: PEOPLE Commitment Creativity Experience Engagement (Code for plays well with others ) THIS DESIGN INTEGRATION Design integration happens only if the project team is well integrated works together (in tandem, not in series). THAT Pressmaster Dreamstime.com Alexei Averianov Dreamstime.com Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

3 INTEGRATION recognizes that each aspect of building design and each discipline influences the others. Good enclosure reduces HVAC loads Smaller HVAC = more budget for enclosure Lower cooling loads reduces HVAC size Good daylighting reduces lighting loads Less lighting energy reduces cooling loads Eraxion Dreamstime.com INTEGRATION results in savings across multiple systems. Lower enclosure loads Lower HVAC loads Lower lighting loads Smaller renewable energy system Zero Energy is a Recessive Gene so [ORDINARY] Design + ZE Construction ZE Buildings QUALITY IS CRITICAL ZE Design + [ORDINARY] Construction ZE Buildings Design + Construction must be integrated. Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

4 What s the Ideal Integrated Team? The fewest people with the required skills & attributes (commitment, creativity, experience, engagement) CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PLUMBING ARCHITECTURE INSULATION MECHANICAL STRUCTURAL ELECTRICAL AIR SEALING The (myth of the) Design Construction DIVIDE How we typically think about building creation DESIGN CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY TIME The (reality of the) Design Construction CONTINUUM What s really happening ACTIVITY TIME DESIGN Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

5 How Integrated Design + Construction produces better buildings Business as usual Integrated design & delivery Illustrations courtesy of Will Lichtig. PLUS: reduced change orders, cost overruns, construction time, liability; and increased productivity, harmony, happiness, achievement of goals! CHOOSING SYSTEMS Each one affects the others. Most ZE homes in North America will have photovoltaics Choosing Renewables Many ZE homes will have solar thermal systems Few ZE homes will have other types of renewables Consider/ eliminate in reverse order Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

6 (Besides Loads) Fuel Mix & ZNE Definition Drive Renewable System Size PVs to offset 20,000 kwh/yr for: Grid load (KWh/yr) Annual onsite PV production (KWh/yr) PV area needed for ZNE (sq. ft.) Source energy 50% electric + 50% gas 46,000 13, Site energy OR Source energy 100% electric 68,000 20,000 1,050 How much roof area will you need? Renewable Energy Context Factors Climate & Microclimate Insolation (solar radiation) Wind amount & type Is there sun/wind where you need it? Community Regulations pro/con Neighbor opinions Space On roof or off? Form: orientation, tilt, shape Competing uses: PV, solar thermal, plants Wind turbine sound & vibration Maximize cost effectiveness Balance efficiency vs. renewables Percent Energy Savings: Efficiency vs. Renewable Energy RENEWABLES ENERGY EFFICIENCY Marine Marine (San Francisco) Hot/Mixed Cold Dry (San Francisco) (Chicago) (Phoenix) Energy Free Figure 2 5, page 26, based on data from Navigant Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

7 System Economics The optimum systems package (renewable+ HVAC+DHW) considers: Energy performance as a function of investment Efficiency (reduction) vs. renewables (production) Competing efficiency measures Competing renewables Opportunities to eliminate systems, simplify & save on maintenance Availability of qualified labor RUN THE NUMBERS COSTS VARY BY TIME & PLACE Choosing HVAC Systems Can you eliminate air conditioning? Load reduction strategies: 1. Enclosure insulation reflective surfaces thermal mass 2. Passive ventilation 3. Fans 4. Indirect evaporative cooling when appropriate THERMAL BATTERY EFFECT STACK EFFECT Choosing HVAC Systems Forced air, or radiant, or both? Decision factors: If you will have AC, forced air: will be the most economical means 1 system for space conditioning, not 2 Will the home be occupied 24/7, or only nights, mornings, and weekends? Occupant specific vs. occupant neutral design? Does the outdoor temperature swing hot to cold (or vice versa) quickly? How much? Are you renovating, or building a new structure? Does anyone in the home have respiratory challenges? Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

8 Heating Performance Strategies Key variables: 1. Proper sizing not too small but not too BIG! 2. Efficient distribution 3. Quality installation 4. Efficient equipment often the only factor considered AnkeVan Wyk Dreamstime.com You ll need a very energy savvy MECHANICAL ENGINEER and/or MECHANICAL CONTRACTOR! Domestic Hot Water DHW performance factors: Efficient equipment Distribution 1 st choice: compact layout 2 nd choice: on demand recirculation Drain water heat recovery Solar pre heat choose based on: Payback Maintenance Performance relative to more PV FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS Solar Water Heating Considerations DIFFERENT NEEDS for space heating vs. DHW vs. pool Domestic hot water year round Space heating? fall / winter / spring All electric projects may use heat pump for HVAC + DHW; does a second system make sense? Swimming pool or spa? summer or year round? Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

9 CONSTRUCTION FOLLOW THROUGH Focus on QUALITY ZE performance requires integration of Design + Construction Air conditioner sizing Good thermal enclosure HVAC installed properly A/C capacity (tons) Standard n/a n/a 4 Efficient/ZNE Loads / 2 Performance x 2 1* OR LESS due to smaller ducts that fit inside thermal & pressure boundaries 75% SMALLER! This can only happen with effective collaboration between design team and contractors and QUALITY MANAGEMENT. Quality Management is essential to meeting design goals 16 uninsulated bypass duct with no weight on barometric damper No plenum attachment THESE ARE NOT DESIGN PROBLEMS! No TXV bulb attachment Outdoor air duct damper with no wires attached Photos courtesy of Rick Chitwood Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

10 ZE Success Principles 1. If your PROCESS IS SOUND (well integrated throughout design & construction), good outcomes will follow. 2. A sound process, carried out by the RIGHT PEOPLE*, all but guarantees a good project. (*committed, creative, experienced, engaged) 3. The party left out is the one who will cause trouble. Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC 2011 Scott Griessel Dreamstime.com clear GOAL + right PEOPLE + right PROCESS 0 AnnEdminster.com ZERO ENERGY CONSULTING CLIMATE SPECIFIC EXAMPLES Now over to George Sullivan Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

11 Systems, Players and Projects Net Zero Analysis & Design Corp. George D. Sullivan Sr. Principal All Rights Reserved System Influencers that Impact Energy Use Building Envelope Design Orientation Shading Airtightness Identify Project Energy Target Energy Star version 3 revision 8* Zero Energy Ready Home** Passivhaus** *Requires larger site renewable energy system **Can be net zero or net positive Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

12 Equipment Fuel Choice Impacts Building Energy Use Natural Gas requires combustion and exhaust penetrations through the building envelope Thermal bridges increase energy consumption Electrical equipment has no combustion and exhaust penetrations through the building envelope Identify Site Renewable Energy Options Geothermal Primary Heating and Air Conditioning and DHW Ventilation intake air energy use can be offset with a geothermal balanced system Photovoltaics Roof, Building or Ground Mount System can be sized to run a heat pump DHW System Coordinated Construction Plan Set Requirements All Important Notes Air Sealing Details, Penetration Details Construction Detail Reference Thermal Breaks, Drainage Plane Calculations and Models Required information for trades Equipment Details Cut sheets on all equipment Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

13 System Models Modeling HVAC Manual J room loads block loads Rule of Thumb Manual S equipment sizing Manual D duct design Modeling Plumbing Pipe Loads Cold Water and Live Water Sprinkler Loads DHW Generation and Distribution Loads DWV Pipe Loads Selecting Subcontractors Selecting MEP Subcontractors Project Specific by Trade General Requirements Energy Star Project Experience Certification Requirements ACCA Mechanical Contractor Solar Installer Certification Electrical Contractor Water Sense Plumbing Contractor Learning Curve Mechanical and Ventilation Systems Energy Star Version 3 VRF Zoned or GFA System Balanced Ventilation and Kitchen Hood Supply Air DHW Systems, Instantaneous, HP DHW, or Energy Efficient Hot Water Tank Setback Thermostat Learning Energy & Control System Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

14 Learning Curve Mechanical and Ventilation Systems Zero Energy Ready Home VRF Zoned System Geothermal Balanced Ventilation and Kitchen Hood Supply Air DHW Systems, Instantaneous, HP DHW, or VRF Driven System VRF Thermostat (set it and forget it) Learning Energy & Control System Learning Curve Mechanical and Ventilation Systems Passivhaus VRF Zoned System Geothermal Balanced Ventilation and Kitchen Hood Supply & Extract Air DHW System VRF Driven System Energy Recycling from the Building to DHW VRF Thermostat (set it and forget it) Learning Energy & Control System 3 Flat Acres Zero Energy Ready Home Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

15 3 Flat Acres Zero Energy Ready Home 3 Flat Acres Zero Energy Ready Home ERV Earth Tube Supply & Exhaust (Geothermal System) Solar Thermal Zero Energy Ready Home Building Shell Full Revolution Farm Hospitality Passivhaus Therm Modeling All details All Window and Door Install Detail Over Insulation of Window and Door Frames reduces the U Value Cutting Energy Loads Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

16 Full Revolution Farm Hospitality Passivhaus Passivhaus Building Envelope Building Orientation Southeast Summer Shading 65% Window and Glass Door Southeast Side of Building Building Designed Optimized Solar Thermal Collector No Heating Degree Days Full Revolution Farm Hospitality Passivhaus 3 ERV Earth Tube Balanced Ventilation Systems Including 2 Kitchen Hoods 9 Zone VRF Geothermal System Harvests all Internal Loads to Heat the Domestic Hot Water Carl House Zero Energy Ready Home Commercial Construction Completely Steel Framed Advanced Thermal Bridge Free Wall, Roof, and Floor System Advanced Thermal Bridge Free Window and Door Install FORTIFIED for Safer Living Silver Renewable Energy Systems Southeast Orientation House acts as a Solar Thermal Collector ERV Earth Tube Balanced Ventilation Photovoltaic System Offset all building Loads Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC

17 Carl House Zero Energy Ready Home Designed 0.3 ACH50 VRF Geothermal System Photovoltaic System oversized to power HP DHW System Zero Energy Ready Home Certified off of Plans Carl House Zero Energy Ready Home Learning Energy Control System Advanced Control and Decision Making Learning Based on Occupancy Habits Lighting Environmental Controls DHW System PV System Power Time of Day Shedding to the Grid Thank You George Sullivan & Net Zero Analysis & Design Corp. Team Ann Edminster / Design AVEnues LLC