Electric Power-Water Sustainability

Transcription

1 Electric Power-Water Sustainability 2008 National Salinity Summit January, , Las Vegas, Nevada Robert Goldstein Senior Technical Executive Electric Power Research Institute

2 Water Is a Critical Resource Fast growing demand for clean, fresh water Increased demand for environmental protection and enhancement Unknown impacts of climate variability/change All regions of US vulnerable to water shortages 2

3 Consequences of Growing Electric Power and Water Demands DEMAND SUPPLY Pressure on electric power sector to use less water More intensive management of water resources Greater integration between water and energy planning Emphasis on watershed/regional planning Demand for new science and technology to support planning and management needs 3

4 2003 Heat Wave Impact on French Generation System Loss of 7 to 15% of nuclear generation capacity for 5 weeks Loss of 20% of hydro generation capacity Purchase of large amount of electricity on wholesale power market Large-scale load shedding and shut off transmission to Italy Sharp increase in spotmarket prices: 1000 to 1500 $/MWh for most critical days Bort-les-Orgues Reservoir Normal conditions in August August 27,

5 Strategies to increase water use efficiency and reduce overall freshwater use Dry/hybrid cooling Recycle water within plant Increase closed cooling cycles Treat blowdown and reuse Capture vapor produced in wet cooling tower Use degraded/reclaimed waters Increase thermal conversion efficiency 5

6 Water Use Efficiency (Steam Cycles Using Wet Re-circulating Cooling) Water Use by Plant Type Water use, gal/mwh Hotel Fuel processing CT injection Inlet air cooling Ash handling Scrubbing Boiler make-up Cooling Nuclear Coal Oil Gas Simple CT Comb. Cycle IGCC Solar thermal Solar PV Wind Biofuel 6

7 Electric Power Industry Research Program for Energy/Water Sustainability (EPRI ) Based on Interviews with key industry decision makers and planners Workshops, peer interactions and literature Elements Engineering and economic analysis Improving dry and hybrid cooling Reduction of water losses in cooling towers Use of degraded water sources Water resource management and forecasting Ten year duration $37.5M 7

8 Air Cooling Issues Cost Hot weather penalty Wind effects Nuclear plants Pilot Spray Enhancement Testing Crockett Cogeneration Station 8

9 Estimated Annual Savings for 350MW Coal Plant Technology Research Area Savings Capture Evaporation $870,000 Reduce Blow Down $860,000 Dry Scrubbing $220,000 Use of Degraded Waters $740,000 Air Cooling $750,000 9

10 Cumulative Benefit of Water Saving Technologies Adopted by 10% of new coal-fired plants: $800,000,000 Dollars Saved, Present Discounted Value $700,000,000 $600,000,000 $500,000,000 $400,000,000 $300,000,000 $200,000,000 $100,000,000 $ Year 10

11 Climate Change Risks Normalized average monthly inflows into Swift reservoir by 2050 Air temperature and Precipitation changes included Normalized inflows Baseline CSIRO-A CSIRO-A CSIRO-B CSIRO-B CSIRO-B Tonly HADCM3-A HADCM3-A HADCM3-B Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Month 11

12 Concluding Thoughts Potential for increased water use efficiency and conservation Potential and cost savings can be enhanced through research Relative benefits of individual technologies and practices are site dependent Value to create tool box of technologies and practices Increased efficiency and conservation are necessary but not sufficient conditions for sustainability 12

13 A Scientist s View of Economics Essential Relationships of Sustainability Biophysical Environment Economic System Ecosystems Social System Source: Sustainable Water Resources Roundtable 13