I n te rv e n tio n s fo r th e S u sta i na ble D e v e lo pm e nt. o f A rc hi te c tu ra l H e ri tage

Transcription

1 I n te rv e n tio n s fo r th e S u sta i na ble D e v e lo pm e nt o f A rc hi te c tu ra l H e ri tage T h e E xa m ple o f th e S oda F a bri e k in S c hie da m, NL

2 Problem Statement Buildings contribute ~30% of total global greenhouse emissions [UN Environment Program] Buildings consume ~35 % of total world energy [IEA] ~65% of existing buildings are more than 40 years old [CBS] Non-residential Building Stock Age 15,10% 14,30% 11,90% < ,70% Residential Building Stock Age > ,60% ,40% ,90% ,60% <1919 7,30%

3 Rijksmonumenten in the NL

4 Intro - Boundary Conditions Which are the more appropriate technical interventions on the envelope of the Soda Fabriek in Schiedam in order to reduce the energy needed to condition the building What is the definition of sustainable interventions on architectural heritage? What is the framework in which architectural heritage can be dealt with? What is the general context of the Soda Fabriek? What are the building s essential characteristics? What is the historical significance of the Soda Fabriek and how does it define the intervention possibilities? What is the current state of the building? Is it possible to upgrade the Soda Fabriek s energy performance without insulating the walls? To what degree? How do the different interventions affect energy distribution in the building and ultimately the energy consumption to condition the building? economics What other impacts do these interventions have for the building? strategic What other factors affect energy consumption in the building? architectural design history + archaeology cultural sustainable heritage Passive Strategies for the improvement of the Soda Fabrieks Envelopew. climate design structural design + building physics technical Different Enveope Configurations Systems Constant Functions & Activities Constant Indicators to be evaluated material science Heat Loss through the Envelope Heat Gains Energy Consumption for Space Conditioning

5 The Soda Fabriek Makke rsstraa t Exposed Brick Masonry Tuinlaan Lijfland Building Wooden Floor & Roof Construction Wooden, Single Glazed, Fixed Windows Corrugated Asbestos Sheets Roof NE Facade SE Facade Koerland Building

6 Current Condition ~70% of interior needs to be replaced

7 Conservation best practice Historic Preservation is a multidisciplinary field bringing together historians, archeologists, architects, planners, engineers, governments. Permanent maintenance of historic buildings is essential to their preservation Minimize the amount of intervention as much as possible. Do as little as possible but also as much as is necessary Respect the history of the building or site in question, its periods and previous interventions as they are essential to its value All interventions should be reversible All replacements or additions should be distinct from the original and/or bare a contemporary stamp Any action should lead and/or derive from a site s reuse. Therefore uses other than the original can be considered [with all its implications] Documentation at every step of the intervention process is paramount to ensure no loss of valuable information and to expand and distribute knowledge on this otherwise empirical field

8 Precedence Case Goals Insulation Openings Instalations Results Energy Label A De Tempel, The Hague Energy Label C minimal insulation 25mm frames maintained - glazing replaced Heat Pump Floor and Wall Heating Natural Ventilation Backup system with Heat Recovery Conditioning 27.7 kwh/m2 System Tot 39.9 kwh/m2 Huis de Witte Roos, Delft Lower Carbon Emissions Energy Neutrality thorough internal insulation frames and glazing maintained Heat Pump Wall Heating Decentralized Ventilation system with Heat Recovery 90% Carbon Emissions reduction System Tot 45.7 kwh/m2 Latijnse School, Middelburg Renovation with Passive House Standards 15 kwh/m2 per year Extreme internal and external insulation insulation frames and glazing maintained - triple glazed window added to the inside Heat Pump Floor Heating Centralized Ventilation system with Heat Recovery Heating 13 kwh/m2

9 Interventions Existing Situation Wall Insulation Roof & Ground Insulation Window Replacement Trombe Wall Glass Roof

10 Proposed Reuse bed & breakfast wellness center/yoga office space office space horeca P workshops exhibition space

11 Proposed Installations Air Handling Unit [Mechanical Fresh Air Supply with Heat Recovery system - HR COP 0.7] Glass Roof System Variation ground source heat pump [COP ~4] Zones smaller than 30m 2 use water radiators [water temperature inside radiator 45 o C Zones bigger than 30m 2 use underfloor heating [water temperature inside infloor tubes between 30 and 50 o C] ground heat source

12 Model #1 - Exhisting Situation [Control] - Winter kw asbestos sheet timber sheathing timber roof structure timber floor boards -9 kw timber floor structure fixed wooden window [single glazing] -35,6 kw -15,5 kw 292,1 kw -154,7 kw -60,5 kw -9 kw solid brick wall [external] -1,2 kw concrete ground floor slab 39,70 21,21 39,60 Electricity for Heating - kwh/m 2 Auxiliary System Energy - kwh/m 2 Heat Recovered - kwh/m 2

13 Model #1 - Existing Situation [Control] - Summer 10,2 kw -9,9 kw 9.5 kw 3.5 kw -6,4 kw -1,1 kw 16.1 kw 25,7 kw -13,7 kw -6,6 kw -8,5 kw -4 kw 4,6 kw -6,7 kw 10,9-1.3 kw -14 kw 14 kw 3.9 kw kw kw 67, , ,50 Zone Cooling - kwh/m 2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating

14 Model #2 - Wall Insulation - Winter -28,3 kw asbestos sheet timber sheathing timber roof structure timber floor boards -8,3 kw timber floor structure fixed wooden window [single glazing] -35,1 kw -15,7 kw 232,5 kw -141,9 kw 0,4 kw -11,9 kw -8,5 kw solid brick wall [external] XPS insulation 100mm 0,1 kw concrete ground floor slab 39,70 39,18 21,21 19,34 39,60 52,06 Electricity for Heating - kwh/m 2 Auxiliary System Energy - kwh/m 2 Heat Recovered - kwh/m 2

15 Model #2 - Wall Insulation - Summer 8.8 kw -10 kw 8.6 kw 8.6 kw -6,1 kw -0,9 kw kw 24.1 kw -5.8 kw 16.1 kw -7.6 kw -3.9 kw 4,9 kw -6,7 kw 11.4 kw 0.6 kw kw 3.2 kw 4.5 kw kw kw 67,78 74, , , , ,50 Zone Cooling - kwh/m 2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating

16 Model #3 - Roof, Ground & Window Insulation - winter -2.4 kw zinc coated steel sheet cladding prefab roof panel with 200 mm of XPS insulation and waterproofing layer timber roof structure -4.9 kw timber floor boards timber floor structure kw -160,1 kw operable wooden window double glazing mm filled with air -8.6 kw kw solid brick wall [external] -61,5 kw 4.9 kw sand-cement finishing screed XPS insulation 200mm concrete ground floor slab 0.4 kw 34,61 39,70 21,21 17,69 39,60 66,09 Electricity for Heating - kwh/m 2 Auxiliary System Energy - kwh/m 2 Heat Recovered - kwh/m 2

17 Model #3 - Roof, Ground & Window Insulation - summer -0.2 kw 0.5 kw 2 kw 5.7 kw -3.1 kw 1 kw 11.3 kw 24.5 kw kw -2.2 kw kw 4.7 kw -7.6 kw 4.3 kw -1.4 kw -4.5 kw 6.4 kw -0.8 kw -10 kw -7.5 kw 67,78 75, , , , ,50 Zone Cooling - kwh/m 2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating

18 Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Winter asbestos sheet timber sheathing timber roof structure NE facade single glazing curtain wall with aluminum structure SE facade solid brick wall [external] concrete ground floor slab curtain wall reinforced concrete foundation SW facade

19 Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Winter kw asbestos sheet timber sheathing timber roof structure kw -3 kw kw kw kw single glazing curtain wall with aluminum structure kw 1.8 kw solid brick wall [external] kw concrete ground floor slab 0.5 kw curtain wall reinforced concrete foundation 39,70 42,72 21,21 60,80 39,60 0,00 Electricity for Heating - kwh/m 2 Auxiliary System Energy - kwh/m 2 Heat Recovered - kwh/m 2

20 Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Summer 2.8 kw -3 kw NE ,57 kwh kwh/m kw 6.6 kw kw SE ,04 kwh 2 kw kw -2.1 kw kw kwh/m 2 8 kw 21.7 kw 4.6 kw SW ,95 kwh -7.9 kw kw 27.6 kw -4.7 kw kwh/m kw 4.9 kw -22 kw kw 142,83-67,78-725, , , ,00 Zone Cooling - kwh/m 2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating

21 Model #5 - Glass Roof - Winter kw single glazed aluminum gables kw steel roof structure timber floor boards timber floor structure kw fixed wooden window [single glazing] kw -15,5 kw kw -208 kw -60,5 kw 3.3 kw solid brick wall [external] concrete ground floor slab 5.3 kw 39,70 21,21 39,60 33,20 39,63 277,23 Electricity for Heating - kwh/m 2 Auxiliary System Energy - kwh/m 2 Heat Recovered - kwh/m 2

22 Model #5 - Glass Roof - Summer kw kw Lijfland kw ,00 kwh kwh/m kw 11.4 kw Coerland ,82 kwh -10 kw -3.1 kw 15.9 kw 35.5 kw kw -6.8 kw kw -6.5 kw 4.4 kw 13.6 kw kwh/m kw kw -5.4 kw -6.7 kw kw kw 67, , ,50 68, , ,50 Zone Cooling - kwh/m 2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating

23 Comparison Model #1 Model #2 Model #3 Model #4 Model # Electricity for Heating - kwh/m Auxiliary System Energy - kwh/m Heat Recovered - kwh/m Zone Cooling - kwh/m Discomfort - Hours % 12.8% -7.6% 16.4% Improvement - %

24 Conclusion - Installations Building Area Building Area 1900 m m 2 System Total Energy System Total Energy 39.9 kwh/m kwh/m 2 35,02/6,06 39,22/9,96 42,71/60,80 Solar Gains 16% 23,71/6,77 39,70/20,50 33,20/38,88 Energy for Fans opera on kwh/m2 Internal Gains [Equipment, Occupancy] 84% Source of Heat Gains [kwh/m2] ControlT rombe Wall Ven la on Requirement Glass Roof ControlT rombe Wall Glass Roof Design Heat Load Energy consumed for Hea ng kwh/m2 Varia on in the sizing parameter of the Ven la on System

25 Conclusion - Combination necessary - Comfort Control 39,70 Glass Roof 33,20 GR_Wall Ins 32,56 GR_RGW ins 22,77 GR_Full Ins 11,39 Control 39,70 Trombe Wall 42,72 TW_Wall Ins 44,62 TW_RGW Ins 39,99 TW_Full Ins 41,65 #1 #2 #3 #4 # , , , , ,00 #2 + #3 #2 + #3 + #5 #2 + #3 + # , , ,00 Discomfort Hours

26 Reflections & Further Research

27 The Bigger Picture -20% 20% 20% Europe 2020 Greenhouse Gass Emmissions Renewable Energy Use Energy Efficiency -17.9% 14.1% 12.8% 2013 Progress Energy Performance of Buildings Directive [2010] Toledo Declaration of EU Member States [2010] All stress the importance of energy upgrading the exhisting building stock as well as the sustainability of Arhitectural Heritage EU Urban Agenda [still under development] mil on building conservation subsidies

28 T h a nk Y o u