The Passive House Institute US

Transcription

1 The Passive House Institute US Passive House Concept, History & Economic opportunities for the US Building Sector Katrin Klingenberg Director Passive House Institute US PHIUS ph:

2 1 Conceptual Overview The 2000 Watt Society IEA World-Energy Outlook Carbon Neutrality

3 The 2000 Watt Society, Novatlantis, ETH Zuerich ( (Krapmeier and Drossler 2001) World-wide average annual energy consumption per capita : 17,500 kwh per year continuous consumption of 2000 Watts = ( vision) This corresponds to limiting CO2 emissions to 1 ton per capita possible by 2050 (500 watts of fossil fuel) ( ti 2000 Watt Society)

4 IEA World Energy Outlook 2006 :

5 Alternative Fuel Sources to reduce CO2 Emissions: 1. Nuclear 2. Renewables 3. Biofuels 4. Efficient Technologies CO2 emissions estimated to increase by 56%. 32% in increase still remain unaccounted for!

6 Stabilizing CO2 Emissions until 2030 through: 1. Passive House technology applied for all new construction Passive House Technology Renewables II 2. Renewables II: Technological advancements in Renewable Technologies

7 Why Passive House? Optimize the House to the Heating System

8 Passive House: Factor 10 Reduction in Space Conditioning Energy and CO2 Equivalent (Krapmeier and Drossler 2001)

9 2 Passive House Definition US Superinsulation History Economic Feasibility as Core Concept Basic Metrics and Requirements to meet the Standard

10 History of High Performance building in the US: The Small Homes Council University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign: Wayne Schick s Team develops the Lo-Cal House in Walls: Double stud Walls, R-30 Roof: R-40

11 Amory and Hunter Lovins finish the Rocky Mountain Institute in Snowmass, Colorado in 1984 Tunneling through the cost barrier Amory Lovins

12 Eugene Leger builds the Leger House in Eastern Massachusetts in the US in 1979 The Leger House looked like a conventional American home, heated only by its own water heater It was widely published and inspired William Shurcliff, a Harvard physicist/author on solar heated homes to a press release on superinsulation Larger developments followed in Canada in 1980 (14 superinsulated homes, in Minnesota (140 superinsulated homes) Canada sponsors the R2000 program with free training for builders and small subsidies to offset cost and requirement for an airtightness test: a blower-door test. Over 1000 homes were built. Conservative estimate of total superinsulated homes 1985 in the states and Canada is 10,000.

13 Economic Feasibility as Core Concept: The Passive House Concept was further developed in the early 1990s by Dr. Wolfgang Feist and Professor Bo Adamson following the early super- insulation i work in North America First Passive House Prototype built in 1990 in (W. Feist 2006) Kranichstein, Germany PASSIV HAUS INSTITUT 70-80% reduction in overall energy consumption, 90-95% reduction of heating and cooling energy The German Passivhaus Institut (PHI) was founded in 1996, coordinating the concept as a building system, science of energy modeling/verification and development of Passive House components.

14 Eliminating the conventional Heating System for Market Viability: Cost asymptote occurs when standard heating system is eliminated

15 Passive House Requirements: Requirements: SI Units IP Units Annual Heating Energy Demand 15 kwh/(m 2 a) 4750 Btu/ft 2 (per net floor area) Annual Cooling Energy Demand 15 kwh/(m 2 a) 4750 Btu/ft 2 (per net floor area) Annual Total Primary Energy Demand 120 kwh/m kwh/ft 2 Air 50 Pa n ACH n CFM

16 Passive House recommendations Recommendations: SI Units IP Heat Load: 10 W/m 2 1 W/ft 2 Cooling Load: 8 W/m W/ft 2 Envelope Insulation: CA U 0.26 W/m 2 K R 22 hr-ft 2 - F/Btu Europe U 0.15 W/m 2 K R 38 hr-ft 2 - F/Btu IL U 0.1 1W/ W/m 2 K R 56 hr-ft 2 - F/Btu Thermal Bridge Free Construction Linear Thermal Transmittance Ψ 0.01 W/mK Ψ Btu/hr-ft- F High Performance Windows Overall Thermal Transmittance U 0.8 W/m 2 K U 0.14 Btu/hr-ft 2 - F Solar Heat Gain Coefficient g-value 50% SHGC 50% Heat Recovery Ventilation Net Efficiency η 75% η 75% Electric Consumption of motor 0.4 Wh/m Wm/ft 3

17 Outlook: Passive House construction has grown exponentially in Germany and Austria and continues with that trend. 10,000 passive house units had been constructed by the end of 2007 and are inhabited.

18 Passive House Institute US PHIUS founded in 2007 in Urbana, IL The Passive House Institute US PHIUS was founded to advocate for, educate about and consult on the Passive House Standard (90% space conditioning energy reduction) for all future US building. PHIUS is the only distributor of the PHPP (Passive House Planning Package) software developed by Dr. Feist and the only officially authorized Passive House Certifier in the country. PHIUS works closely with the German PHI to maintain Quality training and construction.

19 3 Passive Houses in Urbana Fairview 1+2 and Smith House in Urbana, built in and 2003

20 BioHaus School, Bemidji MN 2006

21 Tahan Residence, Berkeley CA 2007

22 Isabella Lake Passive Home in Minnesota: Mike LeBeau, Conservation Technologies

23 Towards the Passive House in Duluth, MN: Skyline House Wagner-Zaun Architects, Mike LeBeau, Conservation Technologies

24 Passive House on Martha s Vineyard:

25 Solar Decathlon 2007 Solar Decathlon 2009 University of Darmstadt University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

26 3 Basic Design Principles i Envelope & Thermal Comfort Principles Basic Materials and Mechanicals Principles

27 Envelope and Thermal Comfort Principles 1. Continuous Insulation- creating steady indoor temperatures that won t drop below 50 degrees without heating source 2. Thermal Bridge Free Constructionminimizes condensation/ building deterioration 3. Compact Building Shape- excellent surface- to-volume ratio (< 1) 4. Airtightness- minimizes moisture diffusion into wall assembly 5. Balanced Ventilation with Heat Recovery with minimal Space Conditioning System - exceptional efficiency, indoor air-quality and comfort 6. Optimal Solar Orientation and Shading maximizing solar gains for winter, minimizing gains for the summer case 7. Energy Efficient Appliances and Lighting- highly efficient use of household electricity 8. User Friendliness - user manuals are recommended to be given homeowners

28 Passive house window frames, door frames and doors for cold climates need to be insulated Multiple lock systems for operable windows and doors to ensure air- tightness and even wear Excellent, multiple seals at sill

29 Shading Devices Venetian Blinds, trellises, overhangs, balconies, decks, trees etc.

30 3. The Balanced Ventilation System with minimal space conditioning system The Ultimate Air Recoup Aerator (Stirling Technologies):

31 Heating and DHW: Wodtke Pellet Stove with integrated heat exchanger to be connected to the hot water system (Images: Ecosmart Fire Ethanol burning stainless steel fire box

32 Cooling: Samsung Mini-Split Air-to-Air Heatpump 20 SEER Samsung EH slim ducted Mini-Split

33 Please visit our web sites for more on Passive House developments, news and events. Coming up soon: 3 rd North American Passive House Conference November 7-8, 2008 in Duluth, MN For Conference and Exhibit Info: