Application of Environmental Technologies in Developing Countries

Transcription

1 Bandung Eco-Town Workshop September 21, 2010 Application of Environmental Technologies in Developing Countries Michikazu KOJIMA Institute of Developing Economies JETRO

2 Objective of Presentation To show the possibility of applying Japanese environmental technology to developing countries. especially in the field of recycling and waste treatment To show the points to check the applicability of technologies in developed countries to developing countries.

3 EXAMPLES OF JAPANESE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES USED IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

4 Stripping Machine to treat coated wire Wire coated with plastics are widely used. To recycle coated wire, plastic should be separated from copper. Primitive way to separate copper and plastics is to burn plastics. But there are equipments to separate plastics and copper without burning. Japanese stripping machine was exported to China. Sanritsu Machine Industry Co. Ltd.

5 Composting There are several methods of composting. Carton-box composting is famous in Indonesia, because of success in Surabaya. Another type is composting machine including household scale and bigger scale. Carton-box composting. Sapporo, Japan. Composting Machine, used by Hotel Sahid Jaya Lippo, Cikarana, imported from Japan

6 Fluorescent Lump Fluorescent lump can be separated to aluminum, glass and mercury. All of them can be utilized. Japanese government supported feasibility study of fluorescent lump tack back and recycling program in Thailand. After FS, Toshiba decided to invest in fluorescent lump recycling plant. Fluorescent Lump recycling plant in Kawasaki.

7 Decompression-Dehydration-Drying Device(1) Gen which is DecompressionDehydration-Drying, which separates water and pollutant. The machine is used by various small scale industry, which has no enough space to introduce wastewater treatment plant. Daiwa Chemical Industry Co. The machine is exported Ltd. to Thailand and China. om/eng_hp/index.html

8 Decompression-Dehydration-Drying Device(2) From Electroplating Wastewat er Recovered Water ph 8.6(22.0.C) 7.3(22.3C) 2, (mg/l) 6, Nickel (mg/l) 1, CODmn mgo/l) BOD5 (mg/l) Cr Zinc (mg/l) Waste water Residue Recovered water From producing soap ph CODmn mgo/l) BOD5 (mg/l) SS (mg/l) Amount of NHexane extract Wastewater from electroplating process. Wastewater from producing soap. Waste water Wastewat er Recovered Water 14.0(17.0. C) 7.2(18.1C) 78, , (mg/l) 2.00 (mg/l) Residue Recovered water

9 Pre-treatment of Waste for Cement Production Various waste can be utilized by Cement industry as raw material or fuel, if the waste satisfy certain conditions. RF system developed and operated by Rematec Co. in Japan produces reclaimed fuel from various waste. The company sold similar plants to South Korea and Taiwan in 1980s and early 1990s. t/pamphlet/english.pdf

10 Electrostatic Oil Treatment Machine Kleentechnos Co., Ltd produce Electrostatic Oil Treatment Machine and other devises to purify used oil such as Turbine EHC Oil of thermal power plant. The system remove contaminants 20 time more than filter. (Only Japanese) Electrostatic Oil Treatment Machine Source: Used oil and Purified oil by Electrostatic Oil Treatement Machine

11 Waste to Energy Plant Waste to Energy plants were built in China, Thailand and other countries. NEDO supported the construction of Waste to Steam plant in Bangpoo, Thailand, as demonstration project. The facility is now operated by private company and utilize industrial waste to generate steam. Waste to Steam Plant, in Bangpoo, Thailand Source:

12 Small Wind Turbine Small wing turbine can generate electricity. Wind Luce 500 W produced by A-wing International has following feature. 3 wooden blades, Polyurethane Coating: The damaged blade can be replaced locally. Rotor Diameter 1,558mm Start up: 1.0m/s Cut-in 1.5m/s Rated output 500W (at 12.5m/s) A-Wing International

13 Japanese recycling companies in developing countries Some Japanese recycling companies have facility in developing countries. Nippon Refine: In Suzhou China, Nippon Refine Co. have recycled used solvent since Dowa Eco-system: In Suzhou and Tianjing, Plastics of TV are sold to plastic Dowa group is recycler by E-waste dismantling constructing e-waste factory. China Suzhou. dismantling factory.

14 Rebuilt of Automobile Parts Used parts taken from end of life vehicle. Rebuilt part under final testing. Japan, Rebuilt parts is made from used automobile parts, by disassembling, washing, selection, Processing and polish, inspection, painting, assembly and final inspection. Quality of rebuilt part is as same as that of new one. A Japanese rebuilt company has a factory in Vietnam, which produce rebuilt parts and export them to Japan and other country.

15 APPLICABILITY OF TECHNOLOGIES OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

16 Applicability of Technologies of Developed Countries to Developing Countries It is often that technologies of developed countries can not be applied to developing countries. Some technologies may be suitable only under certain economic, social and legal circumstances in developed countries. It is important to evaluate foreign technologies in Indonesian and other countries context.

17 Desulfurization equipment (1) Desulfurization equipment in Japan has been developed beyond the legal requirement of emission control of Sulfur Dioxides in Japan, because of the compensation scheme for victims of air pollution. Law Concerning Pollution-Related Health Damage Compensation and other Measures was enacted in Regarding air pollution, companies should bear the cost of compensation, based on the share of emission of pollutant. Companies have been trying to reduce Sulfur Dioxides emission as much as possible, to reduce the compensation fee.

18 Desulfurization equipment (2) Technological progress for desulfurization in Japan has been pushed by cost sharing mechanism for compensation, not by emission standard. As a result, the current desulfurization technology in Japan may be too advanced and expensive for developing countries. Desulfurization plants should be modified before export from Japan to other countries. Air pollution control plant in Yokkaichi City, Japan.

19 Waste Incinerator Waste Incinerators have been constructed in developing countries. But some of them have stopped operation, because running cost is too large for some local government. Some Japanese delegates visiting Surabaya in early 1990s reported that Surabaya introduced incinerator but stop operation because of high running cost, especially cost for fuel.

20 Big Compost Facility Big composting facilities are common in Europe. Some big composting facilities constructed in developing countries in 1980s and 1990s have stopped operation. High running cost, failure of quality of compost and limited demand of compost are reasons behind the termination of projects. One of exception is composting plant in Hanoi, which got budget for operation from the city government.

21 Composting Plant in Hano Take out nondegradable waste. Compost to be sold. Compost under processing. (June, 2006) In Hanoi composting plant has operated since UNDP supported the establishment of the plant. Spanish government also supported to upgrade the facility in Compost is produced from bio-degradable waste.

22 Composting Plant in Hanoi 2 JICA has supported Hanoi city in Viet Nam for 3R(Reduce, Reuse and Recycling). In the project, source separation were introduced in July Waste generator should dispose bio-degradable and non-bio-degradable separately. Plastic trash bins are not placed in 24 hours. So, collection time is fixed. Trash bins for non-biodegradable and biodegradable waste July, 2007.

23 CONCLUSION

24 Conclusion There are several Japanese technologies which is being used in developing countries, and can be applied in Indonesia and other developing countries. These technologies should be evaluated in the context of Indonesia and developing countries, from view point of economic, social and legal circumstances.