Monitoring SDG and 6.3.1

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1 Monitoring SDG and Proposed normative definitions for each of the framework variables This document is to be read in conjunction with: Step by step monitoring methodology for SDG indicator (draft) and Step-by-step monitoring methodology for SDG indicator (draft). % of population (P) This refers to the proportion of the population using a type of system. For example, the proportion of the total population (100%) using a toilet connected to piped sewers. Of which contained (_C) This refers to the proportion of the population using each type of system within which the excreta discharged into the system is contained. Definition of contained: o A sanitation system which ensures humans are safely separated from excreta at the household and immediate local community level. For offsite sanitation: The proportion of the population using piped sewers that is contained is subsequently considered under the of which transported and delivered to treatment plants stage of the chain. For onsite sanitation: The proportion of the population using either septic tanks, improved pit latrines with slabs and ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) or other systems including composting toilets that is contained is subsequently considered under the next two stages of the chain: Of which safely disposed insitu and of which emptied for transport. Table 1 provides complete containment definitions for the basic sanitation system types. Of which safely disposed insitu (_S) This refers to the proportion of the population using septic tanks, pit latrines with slabs and VIPs or other systems including composting toilets which is safely disposed insitu. Definition of safely disposed insitu : o Excreta remains safely buried within an insitu disposal system or is safely emptied and safely buried. This proportion is considered safely managed. Table 2 summarises scenarios within which excreta is considered safely disposed insitu. V1 21 Oct

2 Table 3 provides definitions for what is considered safely emptied and Table 4 provides definitions for what is considered safely buried. Of which emptied for transport (_E) This refers to the proportion of the population using septic tanks, pit latrines with slabs and VIPs or other systems including composting toilets that is contained, which is emptied for transport. Definition of emptied for transport : o Excreta is safely emptied from onsite sanitation systems for onward transport and discharge at a treatment plant or elsewhere. This refers to the proportion of the population using each basic system type that is contained and emptied for transport and is subsequently considered under the next stage of the chain: Of which transported and delivered to treatment plants. Table 3 provides definitions for what is considered safely emptied. Of which transported and delivered to treatment plants (_D) For off site sanitation: This refers to the proportion of the population using piped sewers that is contained, which is transported and delivered to treatment plants. For onsite sanitation: This refers to the proportion of the population using septic tanks, pit latrines with slabs and VIPs or other systems including composting toilets that is contained and emptied for transport, which is transported and delivered to treatment plants. Definition of transported and delivered to treatment plants : o For offsite sanitation: the safe transport of excreta (i.e. wastewater) and its discharge to a treatment plant. o For onsite sanitation: the safe transport of excreta (i.e. fecal sludge) emptied from septic tanks, pit latrines with slabs and VIPs and other systems including composting toilets and its safe delivery to a treatment plant. This proportion of the population is subsequently considered under the next stage of the chain: Of which treated at treatment plants. Table 5 provides definitions for what is considered safe transport and delivery to treatment plants. Of which treated at treatment plants (_T) This refers to the proportion of the population using each basic system type that is contained, emptied for transport (for the onsite systems only) and transported and delivered to treatment plants, which is treated at treatment plants. Definition of treated at treatment plants : o Excreta are treated and converted into a product safe for end-use or disposal. This proportion is considered safely managed. Table 6 provides definitions for treated at treatment plants. V1 21 Oct

3 Table 1: Definitions for contained and not contained by system type and scenario Basic system type Piped sewers Septic tanks Pit latrines with slabs and ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) Other systems including composting toilets Contained (_C) Toilet directly connected to a piped sewer, which is sealed and discharging to a piped sewer system. Toilet directly connected to a septic tank, which is functioning correctly and is: Sealed and impermeable; and The effluent outlet is discharging to a piped sewer or soak pit. Toilet directly connected to a pit latrine or VIP, which is functioning correctly through percolation to soil substructures. Toilet directly connected to an other system including composting toilets, which is functioning correctly and is either: Impermeable (sealed), with no effluent outlet; or Impermeable, with an effluent outlet, where the effluent (untreated or partially treated) is discharging either to sewers or to soak pits; or Permeable and with an effluent outlet, where the effluent (untreated or partially treated) is both percolating to sub-soil structures and discharging to either sewers or to soak pits; or Permeable and with no effluent outlet, with the effluent percolating to sub-soil structures only Not contained (_NC) Toilet directly connected to a piped sewer, which is not sealed and leaking to the local environment; or Toilet directly connected to a sealed piped sewer, which is discharging to an open drain (or storm sewer) or to a water body, or to open ground. Toilet directly connected to a septic tank, which is damaged or cracked or flooded and leaking to the local environment; or Toilet directly connected to a septic tank with an effluent outlet, which is discharging to an open drain (or storm sewer), or to a water body or to open ground. Toilet directly connected to a pit latrine or VIP, which is damaged or flooded and leaking to the local environment; or Toilet directly connected to a pit latrine or VIP with an effluent outlet, which is discharging to an open drain (or storm sewer), or to a water body or to open ground. Toilet directly connected to an other system including composting toilets, which is damaged or cracked or flooded and leaking to local environment; or Toilet directly connected to an other system including composting toilets with an effluent outlet, which is discharging to an open drain (or storm sewer), or to a water body or to open ground. V1 21 Oct

4 Table 2: Definitions for safely disposed insitu and not safely disposed insitu by system type and scenario Basic system type (onsite sanitation only) Septic tanks Pit latrines with slabs and ventilated improved pit latrines (VIPs) Other systems including composting toilets Safely disposed insitu (_S) Septic tank is safely emptied and the excreta safely buried (e.g. in a sealed hole). Pit latrine is not emptied and the excreta safely buried in the pit latrine, which is sealed; or Pit latrine is safely emptied and the excreta safely buried (e.g. in a sealed hole). Pit latrine is emptied and the excreta is handled, BUT only after 2 years once the excreta is safe to handle (e.g. twin pit latrine). System is safely emptied and the excreta safely buried (e.g. in a sealed hole); or System is emptied and the excreta handled, BUT only after 2 years once the excreta is safe to handle (e.g. composting toilet). Not safely disposed insitu (_NS) Septic tank is NOT safely emptied and/or the excreta is NOT safely buried (e.g. in an unsealed hole or to open ground etc.). Pit latrine is not emptied BUT the excreta is NOT safely buried (i.e. in an unsealed pit latrine); or Pit latrine is NOT safely emptied and/or the excreta is NOT safely buried (e.g. in an unsealed hole or to open ground etc.). System is NOT safely emptied and/or the excreta is NOT safely buried (e.g. in an unsealed hole or to open ground etc.). V1 21 Oct

5 Table 3: Definitions for safely emptied and not safely emptied Basic system type (onsite sanitation only) All onsite sanitation systems Safely emptied (_E) Excreta is emptied from system using mechanical or motorised equipment with all operatives wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. This method safely separates the operatives, sanitation system users and the general public from excreta; or Excreta is emptied from system manually (using only hand-held shovels and buckets etc.) with all operatives wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. This method safely separates the operatives, sanitation system users and the general public from excreta. Not safely emptied (_NE) Excreta is emptied from system using mechanical or motorised equipment that fails to safely separate the operatives, sanitation system users and general public from excreta; or Excreta is emptied from system using mechanical or motorised equipment or manually (using only hand-held shovels and buckets etc.) but not all operatives wear appropriate personal protective equipment. This method fails to safely separate the operatives, sanitation system users and general public from excreta. Table 4: Definitions for safely buried and not safely buried Basic system type (onsite sanitation only) All onsite sanitation systems Safely buried Excreta remains in an abandoned onsite container, which is then sealed in such a way that it safely separates humans from excreta; or Excreta remains in a hole dug to receive excreta safely emptied from an onsite container, which is then sealed in such a way that it safely separates humans from excreta. Not safely buried Excreta remains in an abandoned onsite container, which is either not covered or covered but not sealed in such a way that it does not safely separate humans from excreta; or Excreta remains in a hole dug to receive excreta safely emptied from an onsite container, which is either not covered or covered but not sealed in such a way that it does not safely separate humans from excreta; or Excreta remains in an open drain, water body or on open ground in such a way that that it does not safely separate humans from excreta. V1 21 Oct

6 Table 5: Definitions for safe transport and delivery to treatment plants and not safe transport and delivery to treatment plants Basic system type Piped sewers All onsite sanitation systems Safe transport and delivery to treatment plants (_D) Excreta (i.e. wastewater) is transported and delivered to a treatment plant using a piped sewer. Notes 1. This is a percentage of the proportion of households using piped sewers. 2. The following types of treatment plant are considered acceptable here: primary, secondary, tertiary and advanced (see Figure 3 for definitions). Excreta is transported and delivered to a treatment plant using motorised, mechanical or manual equipment (using only hand-drawn carts or similar) with all operatives wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. This method safely separates the operatives, sanitation system users and the general public from excreta. Notes 1. The following types of treatment plant are considered acceptable here: Solid-liquid fraction separation; dewatering and/or stabilization of solid fraction and treatment of liquid fraction; treatment of solid and liquid fraction (see Figure 3 for definitions). Not safe transport and delivery to treatment plants (_ND) Excreta (i.e. wastewater) is transported using a piped sewer, which is connected to a treatment plant BUT the excreta is NOT delivered to the treatment plant (e.g. due to exfiltration, pump failure, breaks and blockages in system); or Excreta (i.e. wastewater) is transported using a piped sewer, which is NOT connected to a treatment plant but discharges directly to open drains, water bodies or open ground. Note: this is a percentage of the proportion of households using piped sewers. Excreta is transported using motorised, mechanical or manual equipment but is NOT delivered to a treatment plant, instead it is discharged to open drains, water bodies or open ground; or Excreta is transported and delivered to a treatment plant using motorised, mechanical or manual equipment (using only hand-drawn carts or similar) that fails to safely separate the operatives, sanitation system users and general public from excreta (due to exfiltration (leaks) from the transport (i.e. carts, trucks, tankers etc.) to the local environment); or Excreta is transported and delivered to a treatment plant using motorised, mechanical or manual equipment (using only hand-drawn carts or similar) but not all operatives wear appropriate personal protective equipment. This method fails to safely separate the operatives, sanitation system users and general public from excreta. V1 21 Oct

7 Table 6: Definitions for treated at treatment plants (treatment effectiveness) Available data Performance data on pathogens in treated effluent or product. Treatment level, exposure data and performance data on the organic load and/or nutrients in effluent or product. Treatment level and exposure data but no performance data on effluent or product. Treatment level and exposure data. No data available Proportion treated at treatment plants (treatment effectiveness) Proportion of treated effluent or product (annual average) complying with national standards on pathogen load. Where treatment level and exposure level data indicate effluent is safely treated 1. Proportion of treated effluent or product (annual average) complying with national standards on organic load and/or nutrients in effluent or product. Where treatment level and exposure level data indicate effluent is safely treated 1. Dependent on exposure level. Where treatment level and exposure level data indicate effluent is NOT safely treated 1 Treatment effectiveness equals zero percent. _T = x %, where x = % treated effluent or product complying with national standards on pathogen load. _T = y %, where y = % treated effluent or product complying with national standards on organic load and/or nutrients (but not pathogens) in effluent or product. Exposure level = low, _T = 100% Exposure level = medium, _T = 50% Exposure level = high, _T = 0% _T = 0% _T = 0% Notes: 1. For wastewater see Figure 1 for faecal sludge see Figure 2. V1 21 Oct

8 * For definition of treatment level see Figure 3. Figure 1: Treatment level/exposure matrix for wastewater (and liquid fraction of faecal sludge) * For definition of treatment level see Figure 3. Figure 2: Treatment level/exposure matrix for faecal sludge (and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment) V1 21 Oct

9 Figure 3: Definition of treatment level V1 21 Oct