Research on Related Problems of Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal in China

Transcription

1 Vol. 1 No. 1 ENERGY CONSTRUCTION Survey & Design DOI /j. gedi. issn ( 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院, 广州 ) 为了更好地编制国家标准 低 中水平放射性废物处置场岩土工程勘察规范 ( GB /T ), 介绍了我国 低中放废物处置的现状和新编国家标准的意义, 探讨了低中放废物处置的废物类型 中英术语 处置深度 处置形式 和多重屏障技术研究表明 : 新编国家标准解决了我国低中放废物处置场选址和建设各阶段勘察技术的标准问题, 界 定了不同勘察阶段处置场的勘察范围, 统一了低中放废物处置相关术语, 给出的美国在建安德鲁低中放废物处置场案 例对我国低中放废物处置场的多重屏障结构设计具有重要的指导意义 低中放废物 ; 处置场 ; 多重屏障 ; 国家标准 TL942 A ( 2014) Research on Related Problems of Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal in China ZHENG WentangCHENG Xiaojiu Guangdong Electric Power Design InstituteChina Energy Engineering Group Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China Abstract For the better compilation of new national standard of code for site investigation of geotechnical engineering for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal GB /T the current situation of LILW disposal and the significance of the new national standard are introduced then the waste categories terminologydisposal depthdisposal facility forms and multiple barriers of LILW disposal are researched. This study shows that the new national standard settles the technical standard questions of geotechnical investigation for each construction phase on the siting and construction of disposal facilities. The investigation scope and objects for each construction phase are concluded and the terminologies of LILW disposal are given clearer definitions. Finallythe Andrew disposal site on built in the USA which has special multiple barriers is studied to applicate in China. Key words LILW disposal site multiple barriers national standard 19 97% GW m ~ 60 m GW GW α zhengwentang@ gedi. com. cn

2 GW GB GB GB % GB Ⅰ Ⅱ GB 9133 GB /T HAD 401 /04 7 HAD 401 /04 GB IAEA IAEA No GB /T IAEA No G EW LILW 3 HLW IAEA LILW-SL LILW Low and Intermediate 1. 1 Level WasteLILW 2009 IAEA IAEA No. GSG-1 12 IAEA No. DS IAEA 111-G EW VSLW IAEA No. LL α 2007 IAEA VLLW LLW ILW

3 1 77 HLW I WS-R-1 2 kw /m 3 GB 9133 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1. 2 GB 9132 GB /T m HAD 401 /05 GB /T Fig. 1 Disposal Forms of Radioactive Waste From IAEA WS-R-1 2 kw /m 3 Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste LILW 30 m 50 m α

4 78 1 Table 1 1 Category and Disposal Forms of Radioactive Waste EW Exempt Waste 0. 01mSv 1mSv VLLW 30 very low level 50% ~ radioactive waste 75% LLW Low Level Waste ILW Intermediate Level Waste VSLW 100 LILW Very Short Live Waste Ir 99m Tc Low and 30 Intermediate Level Waste LILW-SL Short Live Waste α Bq /kg Bq /kg 30 4 LILW-LL 10 6 Bq /kg 2 kw /m 3 Long Lived Waste α 30 α α α Bq /kg α Alpha Bearing Waste Bq /kg HLW High Bq / Level Waste and Spent Fuel Waste kg 2 kw /m 3 Mining and Milling Waste 30 ~ 300 m Richard II 2 Fig. 2 The Sketch Map of Disposal Depth and Forms of LILW host rock Mt. Walton East DSRS PhaseⅢ α

5 GB 9132 HAD 401 / institutional control HAD 401 /01-06 GB /T HAD 401 / Fig. 3 The Sketch Map of a Typical LILW Disposal Site GB /T GB 9132 HAD 401 /01-06 near- field far-field

6 km 25 km 2 5 km 2 1 Table 2 Terminology of Disposal Facilities of IAEA Publication 5 km 1. 4 trench pit mound tumuli vault earth- mounded concrete vaults /bunker /tumulus modular concrete canister deep borehole disposal deep well injection shaft mined chamber silo rock cavity 2 1a 30 ~ 300 m 1b 300 m 1c Richland 2a Barnwell Enviocare 2b Andrew 2c 655 m WIPP 3a 3b Waste Isolation Pilot Plant C 3c GTCC 4a 4b 4c 800 ~ m Konrad 1994 DOE /LLW C

7 multiple barriers GB /T Andrew Fig. 4 The Sketch Map of Multiple Barriers in Andrew Disposal Site on Built in U. S. A 3 GB /T kw /m 3 4 Andrew Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste LILW 3 evapotranspiriation cover system biobarrier cover system performance cover system 50 m 4

8 Andrew S. GB / T Code for Site Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal S. 2 GB IAEA Draft Safety Guide No. Ds 390 Supersedes No. 111-G- S. GB Regulations for Shallow Ground Disposal of Solidlow -Land-Intermediate-Level Radioactive Wastes S. 3 GB S S. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. WS-G-1. 1Safety Assessment for Near Surface Disposal of Radioactive Waste GB Regulations for Disposal of Solid Low -And Safety Intermediate Level Radioactive Wastes in Rock Cavities S. S. GB Regulations for Interim Storage of Low -And Intermediate-Level Radioactive Solid Wastes S. 5 GB S. GB Classification of Radioactive Waste S. 6 GB /T S. GB /T Glossary of Term Nuclear Science and Technology-Part 8 Radioactive Waste Management S. 7 HAD S. HAD Classification of Radioactive Waste S S KITTEL J HNear-surface Land Disposal Radioactive Waste IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 101Standardization of Radioactive Management Handbook Volume 1 M. Translated by Waste CategoriesS. International Atomic Energy A- gency1970. CHENG XiaojiuWANG HuaanZHENG Wentanget al. Wuhan China University of Geosciences Press Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Directions in Low -Level S IAEA Safety Series No. 54Underground Disposal of Radioactive Waste Basic Guidance S. International Atomic Energy Agency G-1. 1 S IAEA Safety Series No. 111-G-1. 1Classification of Radioactive Waste S. International Atomic Energy Agency S. IAEA Safety GlossaryTerminology used in Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection S. International Atomic Energy Agency GSG-1 S GB /T IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG-1. Classification of Radioactive Waste S. International Atomic Energy Agency DS G-1. 1 S Classification of Radioactive Waste S. International A- tomic Energy Agency WS-G-1. 1 Guide S. International Atomic Energy Agency GB I D LI Jing. The Enviromnental Impact Assessment of a Nuclear Waste Dipsosal No. 1 Site in Southwest Mountainous Area D. Chengdu Chengdu University of Technology GB /T S. GB /T General Requirements for Environmentalradiation Monitoring around Near Surface Disposal Site of Iow - Intermediatelevel Radioactive Solid Waste S. 17KITTEL J H M.. Radioactive Waste Management A Brief History of Commercial Low -Level Radioactive Waste Disposal R. DOE /LLW J YI ShupingMA HaiyiZHENG Chunmiao. Advances in Research on Disposal of Radioactive Waste J. Acta Geoscientica Sinica ( 责任编辑林希平 )