CO 2 - SOURCE TO SINK Nova Scotia Energy R&D Forum. HTC Purenergy HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management. May 22, 2008

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1 CO 2 - SOURCE TO SINK Nova Scotia Energy R&D Forum HTC Purenergy HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management May 22, 2008

2 2 HTC Profile Energy Technology Company founded to seize opportunities in Carbon Capture, Carbon Management and Carbon Mitigation HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management Technical Services Centre is based at U of R, International Test Centre for CO 2 Capture Commercial Offices located in Regina Canada, Vermont USA, Sydney Australia, and Beijing China Traded on the Toronto Venture Exchange. Symbol: HTC Successful aggregation, development, integration and commercialization of world leading carbon clear energy technologies.

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4 HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management International Test Centre for CO 2 Capture World Leader in CO 2 Capture and Enhanced Oil Recovery Home of - HTC s technical centre Greenhouse Gas Technology Centre

5 ITC - Natural Gas flue gas capture Centre HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management

6 Coal flue gas demonstration - Test Facilities HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management Boundary Dam Estevan, Saskatchewan

7 HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management Weyburn Field HUDSON BAY ALBERTA MANITOBA EDMONTON SASKATCHEWAN PRINCE ALBERT SASKATOON CANADA CALGARY REGINA WEYBURN BRANDON WINNIPEG U.S.A. MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA HELENA BISMARCK Williston Sedimentary Basin WYOMING PIERRE SOUTH DAKOTA Field Size: 70 sq. miles Oil Recovered: 370 million bbls OOIP: 1.4 billion bbls CO 2 IR: 130 million bbls

8 Strategy License or own CO 2 capture plants, retrofitted to coal and gas fired power plants Will finance, construct and manage based on long term contracted off-taker of CO 2 Preference is to own the plant (as a speedto-market tool) Initially license to establish a beachhead

9 HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management Core Business Activities CO 2 Capture CO 2 EOR CO 2 Sequestration Emitter Assessment Oil Field Analysis Geological Profiling Design Engineering Oil Field Simulation Risk Assessment & Modeling Process Optimization CO 2 Clean up CO 2 Audit & Monitor System Mgmt. CO 2 Compression Carbon Credits Validation & Injection

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11 Comparative Production Cost for 90% CO 2 Recovery Production Cost, US$/ton CO %Mole 11 %Mole 14 %Mole NGCC Gas Turbine NG Boiler Coal Fire

12 HTC s CCS FEED Engine HTC s proprietary process integration & Front End Engineering Design (FEED) Engine that delivers customized precision design solutions for optimized carbon capture systems (CCS) Uij Cij E = Σe Ee Ss = Σij Ssij Ee = Σij Eeij Ssij Eeij casij Xijp Xp = Σij Xijp Fp Fp1 L = Σl Ll Ll = Σij Llij Llij cfeij Yijp Tp = Σij Tpij Fp2 Xq or Tqij Rr = Σij Rrij Rrij cdqij cbrij Tpij

13 Geological Model Geological model data sources 3D-seismic Core data Log data Well survey data Geological model size Grid numbers 30 X 37 X 45 Grid size 50 X 50 X 6 ft. Active grid blocks 15,763 PVT model An 8-component PR EOS Tuned based on PVT studies Recent PVT study for MMP (2886 psi and 2407 psi)

14 Monitoring CO 2 Techniques 4D, 3C surface seismic 4D, 9C surface seismic 3D, 3C vertical seismic profile (VSP) Cross-well seismic (H and V wells) Passive micro-seismic Geochemical sampling analysis Tracer injection monitoring Conventional produced fluid analysis Production measurement and mixing facility Global Energy Presentation, March 8, 2007

15 European CO 2 Test Centre Mongstad (TCM)

16 Kårstø, Norway CO 2 Capture Study for: Capture of 85% of the total flue gas from the 420 MW power plant with strict performance guarantees. The required operating range of the CO 2 capture plant is between % of the total plant flue gas capacity. It is required to evaluate the effects of varying the CO 2 capture rate between 80 and 90%. The captured CO 2 is liquefied for pump out for EOR applications. Qualified to compete for FEED study and EPCI Contract

17 Integration with the Power Plant & Modules Delivery to the Site

18 NORTH SEA OIL & GAS

19 FIRTH OF FORTH, SCOTLAND Potential CO 2 Source to Sink

20 HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management Environmental Energy Technology Company Building a portfolio of IGCC and Synthetic Gas Facilities Develop, Own & Operate Strategy Gasification Technology and Advanced Fuel Technology expertise Technology Centers of Excellence --Wabash(US) & Westfield(Scotland) CO-Owner of Wabash River Energy: World s cleanest coal / pet coke based IGCC power plant Currently building the only permitted IGCC Power plant in the US

21 HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management Ohio, Oil and Gas Map Lima Facility

22 Michigan Producing Wells

23 How Does CO 2 Improves Oil Recovery? Miscibility Swelling Reducing viscosity

24 Miscible versus Immiscible CO 2 Flood Country Project Type Number of projects Production rate (bbl/day) USA Miscible Immiscible , Canada Miscible 2 7,200 Turkey Immiscible 1 6,000 Trinidad Immiscible 5 313

25 Screening Parameters for CO 2 EOR Oil viscosity Oil gravity Depth Reservoir pressure <12 cp >30 API >2400 ft >1200 psi

26 Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP): The minimum pressure, at reservoir temperature, that oil becomes miscible with the injected stream of CO 2 Reservoir Pressure should be equal or greater than MMP

27 Field Implementation of CO 2 Flooding 1. Achieving and maintaining miscibility 2. Improving performance of CO 2 flooding Early breakthrough of injected CO 2 Viscous fingering and low volumetric sweep efficiency 3. Asphaltene and solid particles precipitation 4. Potential corrosion issues

28 Numbers to Remember Post waterflooding oil recovery: 6-15% of original oil in place Pre waterflooding oil recovery: up to 40% of original oil in place One ton CO 2 recovers barrels of oil

29 HTC Gulf LLC: UAE - Saudi Arabia HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management Partnering with EPTS LLC/Masdar Joint Venture EOR Client; Saudi Aramco 1 st Stage ; Selection of a CO 2 Emitter source in proximity to the EOR fields.

30 Project EOR Fields in China Oilfield: DaQing Company: PetroChina Distance from Beijing: 800 km CO 2 EOR fields: 2 (underway) CO 2 source: PetroChemical Plant Oilfield: JiLin Company: PetrChina Distance from Beijing: 600 km CO 2 EOR field: 1 (underway) CO 2 source: 1 reservoir Oilfield: ChangQing Company: PetroChina Distance from Beijing: 800 km CO 2 EOR field: N/A CO 2 source: N/A Figure 1 Oilfields, locations, and potential CO 2 sources in China.

31 Australia - AGL Project Site HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management 2200 MW Coal Fired Power Station Brown Coal plant: 60,000 tpd Supplies 1/3 Victoria s Power 17mtpa CO 2 emissions 1 of 4 majors within in 50km Hazelwood, Yallourn LaTrobe total emissions 50mtpa Sequestration evaluation completed and costed. Feasibility study agreed.

32 Basin Electric AVS

33 Basin Electric Power Cooperative & Dakota Gasification Company

34 Weyburn Field CO 2 Source HTC Leaders in CO 2 Capture & Management Dakota Gasification Company 250 MMscfd CO 2 byproduct of coal (lignite) gasification 95 MMscfd (5000 tonnes/day) contracted and injected at Weyburn CO 2 purity 95% Regina Weyburn Saskatchewan Montana Estevan Manitoba North Dakota EnCana currently injects 120 MMscfd (i.e. 21% recycle) Beulah Bismarck

35 CCS Purenergy 1000

36 CO 2 Capture Process

37 CCS Purenergy 1000

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39 CCS Purenergy 1000 Product Description: Modular Design and constructed, truck transportable 1000 ton/day CO 2 capture system ( future scaleability ) Approx. 50 MW e coal plant capture capacity/unit Retrofit or Green field CO 2 emitter sites Reduced Capex via reduction of in-field construction costs Multi-unit train installation for expanding capacities Manufactured and Assembled by strategic industrial partner: Pinnacle Industrial Services Inc. (Regina, Sask.) with NuVision Industries Inc. (Calgary, Alberta) as a subcontract partner

40 Thank You from Team CO2

41 UNDERGROUND COAL GASIFICATION AND CO 2 STORAGE

42 CO 2 Sinks in Nova Scotia Natural gas and oil fields Saline aquifers Onshore and offshore coal formations Salt domes?

43 Potential Large Uses For CO 2 EOR/ EGR/ECBM Depleted Oil and Gas Reservoirs Geology is well understood Oil and gas been stored for a long time Good sites for CO 2 storage Deep Saline Aquifers Deep salt water-saturated rock formations Geology and effect of the CO 2 on these aquifers is not yet well understood and more research is needed Deep Unmineable Coal Seams CO 2 can be held in the pores on the coal surface and in fractures. Forces methane from the coal beds which can be used as fuel. Transportation by vessel Methanogenesis

44 Research and Development Needs Research needs to be aimed at developing the ability to characterize a formation before CO 2 injection so as to predict its storage capacity. Injection techniques to achieve broad dispersion of CO 2 throughout the formation, overcome low diffusion rates, and avoid fracturing cap rock. Risk assessment and screening. Technologies for monitoring and verification of integrity of CO 2 sequestration. Develop formation sealing technologies. Underground (in situ) coal gasification. Methanogenesis closed-loop fossil fuel carbon cycle process.