Hva er bærekraftig vekst for oppdrettsnæringen?

Transcription

1 Hva er bærekraftig vekst for oppdrettsnæringen? Johan Berg Pettersen NTNU Industrial Ecology Brohodekonferansen 1 november 2017 NTNU Ocean

2 agenda bærekraft laks og miljø teknologutvikling 2

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4 4 Hva er bærekraftig?

5 Mat til alle Liv i havet 5

6 Genetic Functional Steffen et al (2015) 6

7 Steffen et al (2015) & Wikipedia

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9 Growout rearing 3300 MT HOG Atlantic salmon Model land-based RAS Empirical open net pen Food conversion rates (overall) RAS 1.09 Net pens 1.27 RAS biomass density 80 kg/m3 Liu et al, 2016

10 Growout rearing 3300 MT HOG Atlantic salmon Model land-based RAS Empirical open net pen Feed Fuel & electricity Liu et al, 2016

11 Growout rearing 3300 MT HOG Atlantic salmon Model land-based RAS Empirical open net pen Feed Fuel & electricity Liu et al, 2016

12 Growout rearing 3300 MT HOG Atlantic salmon Model land-based RAS Empirical open net pen Feed Fuel & electricity Air freight Packaging Liu et al, 2016

13 Growout rearing 3300 MT HOG Atlantic salmon Model land-based RAS Empirical open net pen Feed Fuel & electricity Air freight Packaging Liu et al, 2016

14 Laksefór < Bostock et al (2010))

15 Environmental aspects of salmon feed Hognes et al (2014)

16 Laksefór < Hognes et al (2014)

17 Laksefór < Hognes et al (2014)

18 Laksefór < Lapola et al (2014)

19 Laksefór Soy Marine protein oil meal < Hognes et al (2014)

20 Hamilton et al (2017): The global omega 3 fatty acid balance. Submitted

21 Global EPA & DHA balance Hamilton et al (2017): The global omega 3 fatty acid balance. Submitted

22 Phosphorous a limited global resource Cordel et al (2009) Global Environ Change 19: Global peak phosphorous 22

23 11 10 Hamilton et al (2017) Sci Tot Environ 575: Norway P balance ktp/y red is secondary P 23

24 Imported fish feed Hamilton et al (2017) Sci Tot Environ 575: Aquaculture Norway P balance ktp/y red is secondary P Ocean discharge 24

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27 Bærekraftsbegrensninger Fórtilgang Næringsstoffer ( = slambehandling) Energibruk i anlegg & logistikk 27

28 Hva er bærekraftig vekst for oppdrettsnæringen? Johan Berg Pettersen NTNU Industrial Ecology Brohodekonferansen 1 november 2017 NTNU Ocean

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30 30 Costa-Pirece (2010) Marine Technology Society Journal 44(3) : (May/June 2010)

31 31 Heller et al (2013) Environ Sci & Technology 47:

32 32 Heller et al (2013) Environ Sci & Technology 47:

33 Outline 12 min presentation + 3 min Q&A 33

34 Circular economy Manage natural capital Optimize yields and utility Regenerate, loop, share, optimize Reveal and remove negative externalities 34

35 Circular economy Manage natural capital Optimize yields and utility RAS Regenerate, loop, share, optimize Biomass recycling capture and regeneration of biomass and nutrients Reveal and remove Reduced localimpacts negative externalities Available biomass for feeds, energy or feedstock Reduced dependencyon natural capital & harvest Feed production Aquaculture ops. Smolt Post-smolt Grow-out Processing Waste flows Equipment recycling 35

36 36 LCA conventional salmon vs RAS

37 Circular phosphate 2010 Hamilton et al (2015) JIE 20(4):

38 Circular phosphate 2050 Hamilton et al (2015) JIE 20(4):

39 Tech options Wastewater treatment by micro-algae for biofuel, or feeds Lipids extracted, the rest used in biogas or to feeds (Rogers et al 2014) Paddlewheel, water availability, energy for circulation uncertain and costly Sludge to biogas, fertilizer Appears anaerobic sludge ponds & lagoons still used (Taelman & Sfez, 2006) Wastewater to wetland Low cost, maintains wetland areas, wetland aestethics > wastewater plant Alternatives (Chadwick et al, in Taelman & Sfez, 2015) Polychaete worms Fungal growth Phosphorus recovery Biogas 39

40 Impacts of RAS using LCA Mungkung et al (2013): main impacts of integrated carp/tilapia Production of feed ingredients Energy use in feed production Nutrients from cages 40

41 RAS waste technologies Roque d Orbcastel et al (2009) Aquacult Engineering 40(3): Wastewater treatment Sludge thickening, used as fertilizer (?) Supernatant water to wetland Impacts from sludge removed (cut-off, next product system) 41

42 RAS waste technologies Samuel-Fitwi et al (2013) Aquacult Engineering 54: Wastewater treatment Consequential study Supernatant water to wetland Impacts from sludge removed (cut-off, next product system) 42

43 RAS waste technologies Sfez et al (2015) Bioresource Technology 2015(190): Wastewater treatment Supernatant for nutrient provision in feed production Wastewater from pikeperch farming 43

44 RAS waste technologies Sfez et al (2015) Bioresource Technology 2015(190): Wastewater treatment Supernatant for nutrient provision in feed production Wastewater from pikeperch farming Baseline Scenario 1 Scenario 2 U PL U PSE sludgeto biogas & fertilizer algaeto shrimpfeed algaeto biogas linear up-scaled pilot up-scaled w/ 100% renewables, +30% productivity, paddle stirring 44

45 RAS waste technologies Sfez et al (2015) Bioresource Technology 2015(190): Wastewater treatment Supernatant for nutrient provision in feed production Wastewater from pikeperch farming P L S E M pilot plant linear up-scaled pilot up-scaled w/ paddle wheels up-scaled w/ 100% wind power up-scaled w/ 30% increased productivity 45

46 Aluminium products seen from a sustainability perspective Recyclable, durable, flexible Sustainability perspectives Emission intensive in primary production, yet certain highly positive properties (ligh weight ) Energy efficient, yet cumbersome to recycle (dismantling, alloy dilution ) Multiple alloys: material properties vs dilution for recycling (down-cycling) 46

47 Professor Helge Brattebø Professor Richard Wood Program Director Professor Anders H. Strømman Professor Daniel Müller Associate Professor Francesco Cherubini Associate Professor Francesca Verones 40 Person-years 25 M.Sc. Graduates 47

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49 Thank you Johan Berg Pettersen NTNU Industrial Ecology NAPIC kick-off Trondheim September 2017.

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52 History - A Few Firsts IndEcol at NTNU was initiated in 1994 The world's first PhD programme in Industrial Ecology was established in 2003 The international MSc programme in Industrial Ecology started in 2004, with admission of the first students in

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54 54 Resource and Emissions Footprints of Nations, Sectors & Technologies

55 55 Contributions towards UNEP

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