La valorisa/on communautaire des déchets dans le cadre d un service semi- décentralisé à Surabaya

Transcription

1 La valorisa/on communautaire des déchets dans le cadre d un service semi- décentralisé à Surabaya Conférence En quête d innova/ons Valorisa(on des déchets dans les pays du Sud 9 juin 2017, AFD, Paris Warmadewanthi, Ria Asih.S, Hitrapriya, Dwandesa Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Ins@tut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

2 INTRODUCTION Research in Surabaya, Indonesia was conducted in with Ins/tut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) In with: Department of Environmental Engineering ITS and Department of Civil Engineering ITS

3 Surabaya, a coastal city 350 km 2 + 3,000,000 people Surabaya

4 En quête d'innova/on : Valorisa/on des déchets dans les villes du Sud Municipal government structure in Surabaya City The lowest community organiza@on level is called : RT (rukun tetangga), that is : neighbourhood scale. District (Kecamatan) Sub- District (Kelurahan) RW RW Sub- District (Kelurahan) KAMPUNG RT + RT 100 households = Village

5 What is Kampung? The term applies to villages, especially of indigenous peoples, and has also been used to refer to urban slum areas and enclosed developments within towns and The density of is very high, about 50-60% of people in Surabaya live in Kampungs. The most difficult problem with kampungs is the non - standard land planning: non- standard roads make it difficult to implement sewage, garbage collec@on trucks are not able to circulate, lack of clean water provision, no waste- water treatment, problems with electricity, etc.

6 KAMPUNG JAMBANGAN KAMPUNG BULAK (FISHERMAN COMMUNITY)

7 Challenges for Surabaya Government The main challenge for the government of Surabaya = a city that would be a comfortable and a decent place for the community to reside in with all its limita@ons. Prior to the 2000s, there were: numerous slums, poor waste management systems, highly polluted rivers, frequent flooding, etc.

8 The primary approach in this case was to involve society as the main actors in environmental management and furthermore, to increase public awareness. The top- down approach in planning, which has been applied in Indonesia recently, proved to be ineffec/ve. As an industrial city, Surabaya has problem in mostly for economic purposes. it is reasonably difficult to empower the community. However, the of the local people in Surabaya, who are open- minded, willing to accept any changes, cohesive and work as a team, have enabled the challenges to be surmounted.

9 En quête d'innova/on : Valorisa/on des déchets dans les villes du Sud History of SWM policy in Surabaya The 1 st Landfill in Kepu/h and Lakarsantri 1981 The 1 st Na/onal Regula/on about SWM 2008 MDGs goals reduce amount of solid waste Kampung Improvement Program 2000 to 2001 Community care about SW problems The first idea of Surabaya Green and Clean (Waste Bank and Compos/ng) In 2001 à Kepu/h landfill closed 2010 Significant transforma/on of Surabaya City (Ibu Risma as City Mayor of Surabaya) Surabaya Green and Clean Free from solid waste 2020 SDGs goals reduce amount of solid waste 20%, Coverage services 80%

10 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SURABAYA Before 2001 Community in RT/RW Municipality s Cleansing Agency Transporta/on Sources of Solid Waste Transfer Depo TOTAL 60% of solid waste to landfill Landfill

11 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SURABAYA Before 2001 Community in RT/RW Municipality s Cleansing Agency Transporta/on Sources of Solid Waste Transfer Depo TOTAL 60% of solid waste to landfill Landfill

12 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) involved in all since 2005, The PT. Unilever and Jawa Pos then followed by other stake holder, such as PLN, PJB, PT. Campina, etc. Since 2005, one of the government s programmes ayempts to empower the community by the Surabaya Green and Clean (SGC) Program. SURABAYA GREEN AND CLEAN To encourage the community to create clean and healthy City.

13 En quête d'innova/on : Valorisa/on des déchets dans les villes du Sud Surabaya Green & Clean program Ø The main ac@vi@es for SGC is Kampung Bersih Compe//on, where every Kampung should have their own program to achieve clean and healthy Kampung. Ø Since 2005, the compe@@on have taken different theme each year, in order to mo@vate people in Kampung to be more innova@ve and crea@ve in managing their environment Ø For example : in 2006 the theme was Solid Waste Management and in 2007 was Solid Waste Management and 3R. Ø This ac@vity has a great impact in implementa/on of 3R and reduce amount of solid waste that dump illegally or throw to river or open burning. Ø Some innova@on through this program that were developed by some Kampung included the innova/on of compos/ng method in community and also innova@on for recycle valuable waste by developing of Waste Bank

14 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SURABAYA ASer 2001 Community in RT/RW Cleansing Agency 173 TPS in 2015 Transporta/on Sources of Solid Waste (3R) Compos/ng + Waste Banks Transfer Depo TPS 3R 93% of collected solid waste goes to landfill. LFG for electricity

15 Compos/ng Methods solid waste in Surabaya, mostly consists of: 70% of food waste and garden waste, 10% of 8% of paper 4% of diapers 2% of glass and the rest are inert materials. Therefore, compos/ng is the best method to reduce the amount of solid waste. Since 2000: The city government started to build 23 decentralized compos/ng plants, Many methods were AEROBIC COMPOSTING Communi/es were involved to reduce waste at source by

16 En quête d'innova/on : Valorisa/on des déchets dans les villes du Sud Municipal waste management in Surabaya City Compos/ng Method in Community à Takakura Methods CSR involved in this program

17 Compos/ng Plants by WINDROW COMPOSTING

18 Waste Banks Waste banks are set up in neighborhoods. Bank customers bring valuable dry waste to the waste bank and the customers get paid based on the of their waste. are recorded preferably in a bank book that the customer holds or alterna@vely in lists kept by the bank. The waste banks sell the deposited material to industry or informal traders. The customer also can withdraw the money once a year if they really need it.

19 The Advantages of Waste Bank Waste is collected rather than thrown away Waste is separated at source to be sold. Waste becomes a source of money, shared between the waste banks and its customers. Reduce the amount of solid waste that goes to TPS and to landfill. One of the concept of 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle). With decentralized system à all management is simpler and easier than that of a centralized system. Social impact of waste bank is one of the advantages, example: religious ac@vi@es, medical check up, improvement of living condi@on in Kampungs

20 1. Socialization about waste bank, such as how to manage the waste bank and the organization of waste bank STEP BY STEP BUILDING AND IMPLEMENTING WASTE BANK 5. Expansion of the proce 4. Monitoring and Evaluation 3. Implementation 2. Training for waste bank management

21 Separation of solid waste Bring dry items to the Waste Bank Weigh and record Sell it and Transport EXAMPLE OF BANK ACCOUNT BOOK This system usually is successful in middle to lower income communities

22 ORGANIZATION OF WASTE BANK Cleansing Agency Coordinator in District Facilitator in this area Sub- district ; Facilitator and Assistance Waste Bank Head, Secretary and Treasure Head, Secretary and Treasure

23 EXAMPLES OF ACTIVITY IN WASTE BANKS

24 Units of Waste Banks in Surabaya Waste Banks 180 Waste Banks 227 Waste Banks

25 Any that follow the booom- up concept are based on the community s needs and will be implemented and managed by the community. These are the innova@ons that have been implemented by the city government, and which have been supported by the community and the private sector. Par@cularly the media (newspaper) is at the forefront of the socialisa/on of the city s plan regarding environmental management.

26 En quête d'innova/on : Valorisa/on des déchets dans les villes du Sud Municipal waste valoriza@on in Surabaya City With the high density of popula@on in Surabaya, the increasing of popula@on should not be too significant in the future. However, amount of solid waste will s@ll increase caused by: the increasing solid waste genera@on from non- residen@al areas and the Surabaya people s change of lifestyle. The 3R process through compos@ng & waste banks (bank sampah) s@ll needs to be improved. How to maintain of spirit of Surabaya Green and Clean and other compe//on in community is really important!

27 BENOWO LANDFILL since 2001 Open Dumpingà Control Landfill à Sanitary Landfill. Total area : 37.4 Ha Since 2015à November : Waste to Energy from Landfill Gas (2 MW)

28 En quête d'innova/on : Valorisa/on des déchets dans les villes du Sud Municipal waste valoriza@on in Surabaya City The amount of solid waste that is dumped in the landfill will Although we already implemented the 3R, the reduc/on is s/ll not high enough to reduce consistently the amount of solid waste transported to the landfill. We have several problems such as : - not enough land for landfill area - increasing implementa@on of 3R s@ll needs to improve à related to change of behaviour of communi@es in SWM - If not enough area for landfill, the collec@on services coverage might decrease à people may throw their waste to rivers, empty lands and drainage systems

29 Concluding remarks Many innova/ve decentralized system for SWM already conducted in Surabaya City, such as and waste banks. Surabaya is a city that has applied the public par/cipa/on approach in managing its solid waste. It is very important to encourage public awareness to manage their environment. Involvement of all stakeholders, including private companies (CSR) has been a main key for sucessfully of maintain the sustainability of the program included solid waste management.

30 Think-Green Action- Sustain ITS Eco-Campus: THANK YOU