INNOVATIVE ENERGETIC USE OF SHALLOW AND DEEP GROUNDWATERS Examples from China & Switzerland. Ladislaus Rybach

Transcription

1 INNOVATIVE ENERGETIC USE OF SHALLOW AND DEEP GROUNDWATERS Examples from China & Switzerland Ladislaus Rybach Prof.em. Dr. Dr.h.c. Institute of Geophysics ETH Zurich, Switzerland IAH Central European Groundwater Conference 2013 Geothermal Applications and Specialities in Groundwater Flow and Resources May 8-10, 2013 Mórahalom, Hungary

2 New innovative, powerful Chinese system for space heating, cooling, domestic hot water. Heat source: Shallow Geothermal Resource Heat in the subsurface Depth range: m Temperature range: C in applicational area Constant in time Actual heat source and transfer medium: local groundwater EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL (+86-10) FAX (+86-10) hyy@hyy.com.cn

3 Traditional groundwater-source heat pump system Heat pump Reinjection well Aquifer Production well

4 Single Well System of Supplying and Returning Water ~ 80 m deep, 0.5 m diameter Provides ~ 600 kw thermal power EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL (+86-10) FAX (+86-10) hyy@hyy.com.cn

5 Key system component: Single Well Supplying and Returning Water Patent Holder: Beijing Ever Source Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd Extraction and reinjection in the same well; Two well sections : 1) low pressure, water production space (~20 m) 2) pressurized, water return space (~30 m); Water and heat exchange between well and surrounding ground through special metal mesh (patented by ESSTD Co. Ltd, Beijing); Heat balance in groundwater volume is sustained; One 80 m deep well with 100 m 3 /h circulating water provides 600 kw geothermal power. EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL (+86-10) FAX (+86-10) hyy@hyy.com.cn

6 A similar German system: INTEGRALBRUNNEN Geo-en Company, Berlin

7 Hydrogelogic prerequisites In general, several requirements need to be fulfilled for successful and efficient functioning of the Single Well System: presence of an extended aquifer of reasonably high general hydraulic conductivity (on the order of 10-3 m/s or higher) relatively shallow water table depth (20 30 m) flow velocities around m/day constant groundwater temperatures (12 15 C). These conditions are widespreadly realized in the Beijing region, where the first Single Well System installations have been established, but also in many other cities in China, such as Tianjin, Shanghai, Taiyuan, and even Lhasa. EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL (+86-10) FAX (+86-10) hyy@hyy.com.cn

8 HYY Single Well Systems in China

9 By the beginning of 2010, the number of successfully operating HYY SWS installations in various parts of China had grown to 399. This included more than 6,644,102 m 2 of total building area and a wide range of building types and purposes : residential buildings (2,260,357 m 2 ) administration buildings (2,567,625 m 2 ) hotels (396,793 m 2 ) shopping centers (315,952 m 2 ) schools (454,339 m 2 ) hospitals (62,840 m 2 ) factories (91,243 m 2 ) barracks (177,794 m 2 ) palace buildings (3,499 m 2 ) libraries (13,066 m 2 ) kindergarten and senior homes (35,574 m 2 ) banks (22,721 m 2 ) gymnasiums (140,607 m 2 ) scenery pools (38,354 m 2 ) miscellaneous other (63,338 m 2 ). Xu & Rybach, WGC 2010

10 Government Office Building Haidian District, Beijing m 2 EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL(+86-10) FAX (+86-10) hyy@hyy.com.cn

11 Jintai Apartment Building A m 2 EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL (+86-10) FAX (+86-10) hyy@hyy.com.cn

12 Shopping Center, Beijing m 2 EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL (+86-10) FAX (+86-10) hyy@hyy.com.cn

13 Facilities of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Park, supplied by HYY SWS installations. Facility Area m 2 Olympic Village National Gymnasium 80,000 Athlete Mansion Hotel Scientific Research Building 27,532 36,850 Tennis Center 26,541 Field Hockey Training Facility, Beijing Lucheng Sports School 11,851 Bicycle Training Facility, Beijing Lucheng Sports School 6,049 National Great Theatre Waterscape 35,000 Water antifreeze facility in a pool near the National Swimming Center 3,000 EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL (+86-10) FAX (+86-10) hyy@hyy.com.cn

14 2008 Beijing Olympics Scientific Research Building EVER SOURCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. BEIJING TEL (+86-10) FAX (+86-10)

15 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS IN CHINA The HYY SWS, like many other heat pump-based heating systems, has the advantage of avoiding the emission of CO 2 and other unwanted or polluting substances. Impressive numbers result from a comparison, performed for the Beijing area: with a total building space of 7.1*10 6 m 2 heated by HYY SWS (as of end 2009) enables compared to conventional coal fired systems to save 4.3*10 5 tons of coal per year and to avoid annually the emission of: 3.7*10 9 m 3 of exhaust fume, 3.2*10 4 tons of fine particles, 14.2*10 3 tones of SO 2, 4.5*10 4 tons of NO x, and 6.8*10 5 tons of CO 2.

16 CONCLUSIONS SHALLOW - China The innovative HYY SWS provides a highly flexible system to provide space heating, cooling, and domestic hot water to a wide variety of buildings; In fact, HYY SWS are now operating in a wide range of building types and sizes in many parts of China as well as abroad; The operational experiences are excellent and include installations at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Park.

17 Innovative energetic use of deep, warm tunnel waters principles and examples from Switzerland

18 AlpTransit Lötschberg Base Tunnel Portal Mitholz/BE

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20 Karstwassereinbruch, Bahntunnel Engelberg/CH (August 2005)

21 Tunnel water and rock temperatures Tunnel wallrock temperature and temperature of the inflowing water. Data from the Simplon Rail Tunnel (points) and the Gotthard Road Tunnel (circles).

22 INTRODUCTION Deep tunnels drain the rock overburden and, depending on its thickness, water temperatures up to 50 C can be encountered and utilized. Due to its temperature the outflowing water cannot be released into nearby rivers without previously being cooled down, due to environmental regulation. The heat content of the tunnel waters can, however, be used at the tunnel portals for various applications. Application examples from Switzerland will be shown.

23 Available thermal power The thermal capacity and the exit temperature at the portal are decisive for the use of the tunnel water in energy terms. The thermal capacity P (e.g. in Megawatt thermal, MWth ) is given by P = c Q T where c is the thermal capacity of water (J/l,K), Q the outflow rate (l/s) and T (= T - T o ) the useful temperature drop. T is the outflow temperature and T o the reference temperature, i.e. the temperature of the water after heat extraction.

24 SWISS TUNNELS Switzerland has more than 700 road or rail tunnels. Owing to substantial overburden the water inflow temperature can reach C. A potential study assessed a selection of 150 tunnels, of which 15 were more closely examined. The thermal potential of these 15 tunnels amounts roughly to 30 MWt. Flow rates vary between 360 l/min and 24,000 l/min, outflow temperatures at the portals from 11.9 C to 24.3 C. The flow rates are practically constant throughout the year just like the water temperatures.

25 Investigated tunnels and operating geothermal direct use installations

26 APPLICATION EXAMPLES The energetic use of warm tunnel waters is most advantageous in the immediate vicinity of the tunnel portals; long transport/distribution piping is a major cost factor. Therefore, the realized heating installations are all situated at the tunnel portals. In addition to six systems, where warm tunnel waters are exploited, there exists also one installation (Gd. St. Bernhard) where the heat content of warm tunnel air is utilized since 1999.

27 Airolo / TI The Service Centre of the Gotthard Road Tunnel at the southern portal is heated and cooled geothermally since Tunnel water temperature: 17 C, thermal capacity with 4 heat pumps: 720 kw (Photo: Geowatt AG, Zurich).

28 Oberwald /VS A distributor network at the western portal of the Furka Rail Tunnel conducts the tunnel water to the heat pumps for each consumer. Tunnel water temperature: 16 C, thermal capacity: 960 kw (Photo: J. Wilhelm, Pully)

29 AlpTransit tunnels Switzerland 57 km

30 Tropenhaus Frutigen / BE Warm drainage water from the Loetschberg Base Tunnel (200 l/s, 17 C) is used as the energy base. Fish such as sturgeon and perch, which thrive in warm water, are raised in the Tropenhaus Frutigen fish hatchery basins as well as tropical fruits are grown in greenhouses. (Source:

31 Tropenhaus Frutigen utilization scheme

32 Caviar production at Tropenhaus Frutigen

33 Thermal Center Bodio /TI (project) Thermal energy supply for the Thermal Center Total 1'230 MWh/a 56 % PAC sur eau de gallerie 11 % Chaufage direct de l eau de gallerie 22 % Récupération ventilation 6 % Rejets thermiques, déshumidification 5 % Chaudère

34 CONCLUSIONS DEEP - Switzerland Tunnel heat can be used in different ways. The simplest method directly uses the heat contained by natural flowing water; The thermal power and the outflow temperature at the portal are the determining factors for using outflowing tunnel water; Switzerland with its many tunnels possesses an interesting potential for the utilization of warm tunnel waters; various examples have already been accomplished in different parts of the country; In the future, the geothermal use option should duly be taken into account during the early phases of planning for every major tunnel project.

35 MANY THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Prof.em. Dr. Dr.h.c. L. Rybach Institute of Geophysics ETHZ Sonneggstr. 5 CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland rybach@ig.erdw.ethz.ch