Sustainable Energy Management

Transcription

1 Sustainable Energy Management For Colleges and Universities Lee DeBaillie, PE Energy Center of Wisconsin

2 WHY IS ENERGY IMPORTANT? Colleges & Universities are learning centers multiplying effect Colleges & Universities use lots of energy 9.3% of all commercial buildings 1.6% total U.S. energy consumption Environmental effects 1.8% of U.S. CO 2 emissions Costs colleges and universities money About $7.0 billion nation-wide About $2.00 per square foot

3 CAMPUS ENERGY COSTS Electricity is 38% of consumption Increased 13% Natural Gas is 35% of consumption Increased 129% Average Commercial Electricity Price Energy Information Administration Average Commercial Natural Gas Cost Energy Informa tion Administra tion [Cents/kWh] [$/MMBtu] $14.00 $12.00 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $ Year Year Nation-wide college and university energy cost increased $5 billion to $7 billion , mostly last 5 years

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8 EDUCATION Involve students and faculty in Sustainable Energy Management Link education and research activities to each energy topic Apply students to solving program barriers and evaluating technologies Student activist groups: involve them in solving problems, align your efforts Undergraduates: Create class projects Engineering and science: energy analysis and data collection Business and math: energy program financial analysis Trades: renewable energy and energy retrofits Architecture: efficient new building design Behavioral sciences: energy conservation and behavior Marketing and Advertising: energy awareness campaigns Information technology: websites, energy accounting database, building controls Graduates: Create research topics, consider energy program assistantships

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11 RENEWABLE ENERGY On-Site Need renewable resource Need up-front capital Tanglible, educational Purchased Easier No up-front capital Not tangible, somewhat less educational Often Solar PV/Thermal & Wind Usually not cost-effective Many subsidies available Educational and symbolic Environmental benefits are real Possible exceptions: Biomass, big wind Topic of future webinar

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14 PAY LESS FOR ENERGY Negotiate with utility Purchase energy on open market Future webinar topic Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power Future webinar topic Midwest CHP Application Center

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16 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING A Cornerstone of Energy Management Meters Energy consumption and conversion How much, where, when, what kind? Indirect energy savers Energy accounting, reporting, archiving system Centralizes energy data - often scattered and inaccessible Performance metrics Campus-wide, plants, buildings Compare year-to-year, system-to-system, peer-to-peer Detect inefficiencies and degradations over time Preventative maintenance tool Creates accountability

17 Single Building METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

18 Multiple Buildings METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

19 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

20 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

21 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

22 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

23 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

24 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

25 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows

26 METERING AND ENERGY ACCOUNTING Campus Energy Flows Reduce Environmental Impact Reduce Cost Reduce Consumption

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31 FOUR CAMPUS FEEDBACK LOOPS O&M Utilities Savings New Buildings Departments Money and Effort

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34 CONSERVATION VERSUS ENERGY EFFICIENCY Conservation Change behavior Do not change technology Little need for capital $ Energy Awareness Campaigns Penn State University of Wisconsin-Madison Ideally, do both Efficiency Do not change behavior Change technology Need capital $ Existing Buildings: Survey and assess efficiency opportunities New Buildings: Design to efficiency

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36 CAMPUS-WIDE ENERGY ISSUES Transportation - Commuting and Campus motor pool Large Campus: 10% of building energy consumption Commuter campus: Equal to building energy consumption Campus Landscape and Master Planning Space planning, commuting options, landscaping, central utilities, building re-use Exterior lighting parking lots, pedestrian walkways, outdoor athletic facilities, external building lights, street lights, stoplights. Central Plants and Cogeneration

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38 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS OVERVIEW Comparison: College Buildings & Commercial Buildings College buildings are generally larger 46,900 square feet versus 13,900 for all commercial College buildings generally use more energy per square foot 144,600 Btu/ft2 versus 90,000 Btu/ft2 for all commercial While using more, college energy generally costs less $13 versus $16 per million Btu for all commercial Much of the college building area is on a campus with a central plant 83% versus 13% for all commercial Small cities control supply, distribution, consumption Networks campus buildings into system of systems

39 Campus Building Mix COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS OVERVIEW More than classrooms 40% are classroom + office, lab, dormitory, etc. Annual Energy by Building Type Big 10 Campus Laboratories- heavy Greenhouses Hospitals Laboratories - light Clinic s Libraries/Museums Athletics/Auditoriums Dormitorie s Classroom Admin/Office Other Animal Facilitie s Garages 24,134 11, , , ,711 97,550 85,839 84, , , , , , , , , , ,000 Btu/ft2

40 Campus Building Mix COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS OVERVIEW Energy differences between large & small campuses Illinois Public Universities FY03 Annual Energy Intensities 300, , , , ,088 Btu/ft2 200, , , , , , , , , , , , ,592 50,000 0 SIUE UIC UIS NEIU EIU GSU CSU ISU WIU NIU SIUM SIUC UIUC

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42 EXISTING BUILDINGS ENERGY REDUCTION Less savings available over new design Too late for an integrated energy-efficient design Some improvements are no longer costeffective for energy alone: e.g. envelope Operations and Maintenance Personnel Most knowledgeable about the buildings Consider incentives savings to the saver Building Operator Certification (general info) (midwest rep) Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Iowa Level I Course Series BOC 101 Building Systems Overview BOC 102 Energy Conservation Techniques BOC 103 HVAC Systems and Controls BOC 104 Efficient Lighting Fundamentals BOC 105 Environmental Health & Safety Regulations BOC 106 Indoor Air Quality BOC 107 Facility Electrical Systems Level II Course Series Core BOC 201 Preventive Maintenance & Troubleshooting Principles BOC 202 Advanced Electrical Diagnostics BOC 203 HVAC Troubleshooting & Maintenance BOC 204 HVAC Controls & Optimization

43 EXISTING BUILDINGS ENERGY REDUCTION Retro-commissioning Low Cost Make existing systems work Retrofit energy efficient equipment replacement Comprehensive energy surveys and analysis Integrated Retrofits Avoid single technology upgrades Watch for interactions such as load reduction In-house vs- Contracted Energy Savings Performance Contracting Issues to consider: www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/espc_quickstudy.pdf

44 EXISTING BUILDINGS ENERGY REDUCTION Be strategic in approaching existing building energy reduction efforts Building Energy Running Total (about 350 buildings) % of Total Campus Consumption 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Number of Buildings

45 EXISTING BUILDINGS ENERGY REDUCTION The main campus energy retrofits Shut stuff off or turn it down (conservation) Make stuff work right (retro-commissioning) Retrofits Lighting Building controls (shut stuff off and turn it down - automated) Steam traps Central Plant Upgrades Laboratory ventilation Labs 21 Initiative: Heat recovery, flow reduction, flow variation Existing buildings rating systems LEED Existing Buildings (EB) Energy Star Rating System

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47 NEW BUILDING DESIGN The most sustainable new building is the one not built Remodel existing space Utilize existing space more efficiently University of Michigan: Multi-year space utilization study Preliminary Results Few classes on Fridays, mornings, and evenings A number of professors have several campus offices no one knows how many Some new meeting rooms were utilized 14% of the time Investigate computerized classroom sharing between departments Investigate space utilization as part of long-term facilities needs Scheduling directly impacts energy consumption Are you sure your campus space is utilized efficiently? (Be careful - space issues are politically explosive)

48 NEW BUILDING DESIGN GUIDES, CODES, STANDARDS Codes and Standards State codes, public building code International Energy Conservation Code ASHRAE 90.1 Design Guides mostly smaller buildings (10, ,000ft2) Advanced Buildings Benchmark (see Benchmark & Reference book) ASHRAE Green Guide ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide Series

49 NEW BUILDING DESIGN GUIDES, CODES, STANDARDS Green Building Rating Systems LEED NC (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - New Construction) Energy can provide 17 of 69 points Application Guide for Multiple Buildings and On-Campus Buildings Projects LEED Combined Heat and Power Methodology Don t assume that a LEED certification = energy efficient (probably changing soon to require at least 2 energy points) GreenGlobes Campus Facility Design Standards Incorporating efficiency into design standards Standards & Rating Systems: Referencing versus embedding Rating Systems: Certification or not? How will you enforce?

50 NEW BUILDING DESIGN INTEGRATED DESIGN Achieving energy efficiency through improving the design process More Communication TRADITIONAL PROCESS INTEGRATED DESIGN STRATEGY Owner Architecture Architect Engineer HVAC Owner Needs Lighting Contractors Owner Site

51 NEW BUILDING DESIGN INTEGRATED DESIGN More Communication earlier Good things happen when design teams communicate early: Goals are clarified Perspectives are better understood Problems are discovered early Systems are optimized Loads are reduced Performance is improved Costs are managed Unpleasant surprises are minimized Put Effort Here Too Late Here! Graphic courtesy Advanced Buildings -

52 NEW BUILDING DESIGN IDEAL ENERGY DESIGN PROCESS Renewable Energy the future 1) Apply after energy efficiency 2) Supply all or part 3) Future: Net-Zero buildings The Decision Tool: Energy Modeling Assess excessive loads early Assess efficient design options early Account for building system interactions Quantify options Commissioning (future topic) 1) Set early goals 2) Design Review monitor goals 3) Construction equipment selection 4) Performance Assessment testing Efficient Systems 1) Energy Distribution systems 2) Heating Ventilating & AC 3) Central Plant boiler/chiller Reduce Loads 1) Climate Awareness 2) Envelope/HVAC trade-offs 3) Reduce internal heat 4) Avoid excessive ventilation and light levels 5) Daylighting geometries

53 NEW BUILDING DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES Emerging energy efficient technologies - Campus Building Design (See next presentation: Next Steps: Tools and Resources and future webinars for detailed resources) Building Envelopes Advanced windows, HVAC/Envelope optimization Lighting Daylighting: Building orientation & geometry, visual comfort, control systems Low-energy lighting design, advanced controls - DALI and wireless technologies HVAC Reducing distribution energy Separating latent and sensible loads Geothermal heat pump systems Displacement ventilation Packaged indirect evaporative cooling Ventilation - Heat Recovery and Demand-Controlled Classrooms lots of people, high ventilation rates Laboratories fume hood requirements, cooling loads, safety Central Plants Combined Heat and Power Advanced Central Plant Design Chilled water system optimization Condensing boiler applications

54 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT MAIN BARRIERS Organizational Financial Disconnects Connect savings to the saver, create incentives Creating Accountability Who s responsible? How is success measured? Quality energy consumption data Differing world views between players Administrative (budget, schedule, performance) and Academic (education, ideals, societal benefits) Bridge pragmatism and idealism Start-up program funding External Utility incentives & programs, Public Benefits, State grants Internal one-time allocation, revolving loan fund Student-initiated student fees Future webinar topic

55 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT Contact Information: Lee DeBaillie, PE Energy Center of Wisconsin x111