High Penetration of PV Systems in Electricity Grids

Transcription

1 High Penetration of PV Systems in Electricity Grids Impact of decentralized generation in distribution network in Denmark. (status and projects) 1. December 2010 Golden, Colorado Kenn H. B. Frederiksen, Manager RE, EnergiMidt

2 Presentation About EnergiMidt The political situation Export connections and off shore wind Smart Grids = Intelligent system Projects

3 About EnergiMidt EnergiMidt is a multiutility company in the mid Jutland region of Denmark (electricity, broadband, district heating ) Front figure in the Danish PV-sector Energy consultancy services - 67 mill. kwh. savings per year Co operative structure customers Turnover 2009 EUR 268 mil. 600 employees

4 The governmental energy strategy MW new wind in % RE-eletricity in 2025, mostly wind Biofuel from 4 PJ to 20 PJ out of possible 40 PJ Biofuel on larger powerplants Smart Grids RE part of final consumption

5 MW 9,000 Development in the eletricity network Power balance - Denmark Vest 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0? The development id driven by favorable feed-in tariffs Wind power coverage 2008 Vest 24 % East 12 % Vind Decentral Central Elforbrug

6 Power map

7 The possible sites for 4,6 GW offshore wind

8 Denmark between Nord and South Existing Planned Project 600 MW HVDC connection Denmark The Nederland (COBRA) Extra 600 MW HVDC connection Skagerrak (pol 4) planned for 2014 Denmark-Germany MW Nord MW South 2017: 2500 MW Nord & South New 600 MW HVDC connection over Storebælt autumn 2010

9 Windpower covers often the whole consumbtion Wind power share of electricity consumption in DK-V Windpower share in Danmark Vest: 24 %

10 Windpower is the main course to unbalance A change of 1 m/s => change in production of 350 MW (Vest Denmark)

11 Significant more wind power in the future Today 8 weeks Today MW MW MW uge uge Denmark has to use our own options for regulation and trade with our neighbors. The power security has to be high and the value of the wind power has to be maximized both economical and environmental.

12 Mio. kr. 600 Cost for system services ,268,456 EUR Forced to run Automatically reserves Manuelle reserver inkl. emergency start DK1 (Vest Denmark) DK2 (East Denmark)

13 The development of the grid until 2025 < 100 kv > 100 kv Decentralized H&P-plants - RE fuel - Full market participation New consumption - Electrical cars - Heat pumps/electrical heating Production by DC/AC - PV - Fuel cells Consumer - Consumption - Smart Meters - New market products Central H&P-plants RE fuel CCS on more plants New power production Off shore wind Transmission grid Offshore grid HVDC connections 400 kv improvements Cabling, 132/150 kv Regulating of the system Store electricity as heat Electrical storage

14 More RE = several solutions Short term Medium term Long term Primary focus Balancing of the system Border trading, New foreign connections Stronger and extended grid Regulation of production by new tariffs (negative spot prices) Spread off shore wind power Flexible consumption Flexible production Storage by electrolyse H2 fuel cells Compressed Air Energy Storage Storrage in other batteries Primary focus eletricity in other sectors Heat pumps at CHP Eletrical heating Heat pumps in households Plug-in hybrid cars Electrical cars Transferable electrolyze H2 transport sector Transferable electrolyze H2 gas systems Heatpumps and eletrical cars is new fleksible consumers

15 Electrical cars as distributed batteries "Quick" charging 15 min. Station for battery charging Grid system - Market funktion - Infrastrukture -System services - Communication Charge on parking slots and work ~ = Windpower Combined H&P plant Charge in own home International connections

16 Intelligent energy electricity and transport simple charge of eletrical cars intelligent charge of electrical cars

17 Market based activating of all resources Consumbtion in industries Regulated windpower Move consumbtion Kr/MWh Electrical cars Heat storage and heatpumps Price flexible consumbtion MW

18 EcoGrid

19 EcoGrid

20 EcoGrid

21 EcoGrid

22 FUR Project A project developed by EnergiMidt Develop and test smart grid/home services 30% reduction in energy demand Use of smart meters (already installed) Use of fiber optics for fast data transmission Use of renewable energy (PV, biomass,vind) New IT infrastructure opens up for other services (healthcare, teaching etc.) It will be the future test lab where EnergiMidt can test and develop new products...

23 FUR Project - Task 14 related project Estimation of Allowable Maximum Photovoltaic Capacity Subjected to Node Voltage Limits and Transformer Thermal Limits. Structure of LV Test Network (Fur and/or Braedstrup) Load profiles (15-min or 1-minute estimations?) and irradiance profile with 1-minute data or using PVGIS Validation of test network Estimation of allowable maximum PV capacity subjected to node voltage limits (EN and BDEW standards) and thermal limits of transformers Discussions and Conclusion

24 FUR Project - Task 14 related project Estimation of Allowable Maximum Photovoltaic Capacity Subjected to Node Voltage Limits and Transformer Thermal Limits. Structure of LV Test Network (Fur and/or Braedstrup) Load profiles (15-min or 1-minute estimations?) and irradiance profile with 1-minute data or using PVGIS Validation of test network Estimation of allowable maximum PV capacity subjected to node voltage limits (EN and BDEW standards) and thermal limits of transformers Discussions and Conclusion

25 Methodology An additional section may be inserted here in order to explain the process of network model with a general figure. Diversified Load Profile Irradiance Profile Network Structure Topology Components Consumers Rooftop PVs Unbalanced Load Flow (ULF) Voltage profile & Transformer loadings Store data in Excel 1-minute diversified daily load profiles generated from average 15-minute load demand of several houses and irradiance data for the region will be external inputs

26 Thank you for your attention! Contact details: EnergiMidt A/S Tietgensvej Silkeborg Denmark Phone