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19 Solar radiation in the form of lightwaves passes through the atmosphere

20 Most of this radiation is absorbed by the Earth and warms it

21 Most of this radiation is absorbed by the Earth and warms it Some energy is radiated back into space by the earth in the form of infrared waves

22 Some energy is radiated back into space by the earth in the form of infrared waves Some of this outgoing infrared radiation is trapped by the earth s atmosphere and warms it Most of this radiation is absorbed by the Earth and warms it

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24 Some energy is radiated back into space by the earth in the form of infrared waves Some of this outgoing infrared radiation is trapped by the earth s atmosphere and warms it Most of this radiation is absorbed by the Earth and warms it

25 Some energy is radiated back into space by the earth in the form of infrared waves Some of this outgoing infrared radiation is trapped by the earth s atmosphere and warms it Most of this radiation is absorbed by the Earth and warms it

26 Some energy is radiated back into space by the earth in the form of infrared waves Some of this outgoing infrared radiation is trapped by the earth s atmosphere and warms it Most of this radiation is absorbed by the Earth and warms it

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28 Land Mass in Southern Hemisphere

29 Land Mass in Northern Hemisphere

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31 Lower CO2 in global atmosphere

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33 Higher CO2 in global atmosphere

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35 Boulder Glacier Glacier National Park Photos: George Grant, Glacier National Archive; Jerry DeSanto, national Park Service

36 Portage Glacier Alaska Photos: NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch WorldViewOfGlobalWarming.org

37 Wastage of Columbia Glacier Alaska Before 1980 Meier and Dyurgerov, Science, 297, 2002 Aerial photo taken 1996

38 Upsala Glacier Argentina Photo: Greenpeace/De Agostini/Beltra

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40 Tschierva Glacier

41 Adamello- Mandron Glacier

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43 Indus River Himalayan Glaciers 40% of the world s population depends on the Himalayan watershed for water Salween River Yangtze River Mekong River Yellow River Brahmaputra River Ganges River

44 Huascarán, Peru Lonnie G. Thompson

45 Lonnie G. Thompson

46 Quelccaya Ice Cap Peru, 1977 Lonnie G. Thompson

47 1000 Years of CO2 and Global Warming Temperature (Northern Hemisphere) 380 CO2 Concentrations X axis = years Y axis = Celsius X axis = years Y axis = CO2

48 CO 2 [ppmv] CO2 Concentration 600, , , ,000 Age (yr BP) 200, ,000 0

49 600 Projected Concentration After 50 More Years of Unrestricted Fossil Fuel Burning CO 2 [ppmv] CO2 Concentration Temp. in F 600, , , ,000 Age (yr BP) 200, ,000 0

50 600 Projected Concentration After 50 More Years of Unrestricted Fossil Fuel Burning Today s CO2 Concentration 300 CO 2 [ppmv] CO2 Concentration Temp. in F 600, , , ,000 Age (yr BP) 200, ,000 0

51 600 After 45 More Years of current energy use patterns Today s CO2 Concentration 300 CO 2 [ppmv] CO2 Concentration Temp. in F 600, , , ,000 Age (yr BP) 200, ,000 0

52 Predicted and Observed Upper-Level Ocean Temperatures, Predicted Natural Variability Expected Variation Due to Human Causes Actual Observed Temperatures 0.3 * Vol Avg Temp Anom (0 100m) [C] * * , Scripps Institution of Oceanography

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56 Amazon River Brazil, October 2005 Photo: Daniel Beltra/Greenpeace

57 Photo courtesy of Paul Grabhorn/ACIA

58 Alaska Winter Tundra Travel Days ACIA

59 Global CO2 Levels Rising with the Melting of the Permafrost 1450 Gt 720 Gt Current Level 730 Gt Atmospheric C02 Photo: European Space Agency. Data: Sergey A. Zimov, et al. Science, vol 312, June 2006

60 Sea-ice Extent Northern Hemisphere Sea-Ice Area (millions km 2 ) Source: Hadley Center

61 Source: Photo courtesy of Tracey Dixon Copyright 2002

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64 The global climate is a system

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67 Population Growth Throughout History World Population Billion Billion Billions Billion 1 (Adam First Modern and Eve) Humans Million 1 Billion Million 0 160,000 B.C. 100,000 B.C. 10,000 B.C. 7,000 B.C. 6,000 B.C. 5,000 B.C. 4,000 B.C. 3,000 B.C. 2,000 B.C. 1,000 B.C. 1 A.D. 1,000 A.D. 2,000 A.D. 2,150 A.D. Source: United Nations

68 Native Forests 8,000 Years Ago

69 Native Forests Today

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71 3 Factors The Population Explosion The Scientific and Technological Revolution Our Way of Thinking

72 Humanity already possesses the fundamental scientific, technical, and industrial know-how to solve the carbon and climate problems for the next half-century. Stephen Pacala and Robert Socolow Science, August 13, 2004

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76 U.S. Stabilization Electricity end-use efficiency GtC Other end-use efficiency Passenger vehicle efficiency Other transport efficiency 1 Renewables 0.9 CCS and Supply efficiency After Pacala and Socolow, 2004; ARI CarBen3 Spreadsheet

77 Four Arenas For Individual Action Home Car Workplace Purchasing

78 30% lower -- Home Priority List Top Seven Compact Fluorescents cut lighting-based CO2 by 80% Shades and blinds used carefully can cut heat and cooling-based CO2 by 10% to 30% -- in homes that admit sunlight Programmable thermostat cuts CO2 by 10% to 30% Hot water heater blanket can create a 5% household CO2 reduction

79 30% Lower Home Priority List Weatherizing a house sealing doors and windows -- can lower heat and cooling-based CO2 by 20% Reset winter Thermostat temp to 68 degrees and summer to 78 degrees lower heat and coolingbased CO2 by 10% to 20% Replace older appliances with new energy efficient models can cut appliance-based CO2 by 20% to 50%

80 20% Home CO2 Reduction Shopping List Compact fluorescent light bulbs: If every household in America switched five regular light bulbs for five fluorescent bulbs, it would be the equivalent of taking 1 million cars off the highways for a full year. Outdoor solar lighting: These yard or patio lights cost less than $20, and they don't burn any electricity or produce any CO2. Programmable thermostats: A difference of 2 degrees can reduce a home's CO2 emissions by up to 9 percent over the course of a year. Air filters: Changing the air filters can knock 2 percent off of your CO2 output each year. Electric hot water heater blanket: costs less than $18 and can cut your home's CO2 emissions by almost 4 1/2 percent.

81 30% Lower -- Auto Priority List Top Seven Tele-work work from home -- 10% overall reduction per each day not commuting by car. Car Pool share rides for community and children to school 5% reduction per shared day. Drive Slower and Smoother staying with in the speed limit and slow acceleration = 25% savings. Basic Maintenance inflated tires, tune ups and new filters etc. can save 5%-8% per year

82 30% Lower -- Auto Priority List Top Seven (continued) Avoid excess idling the average person can waste from 2% to much more. Remove excess weight -- every 100 pounds means 1% to 2% less fuel consumed. Use the AC sparingly can result in an overall reduction of 2% to 5%.

83 30% Lower Personal Purchasing Top Seven Priority List Less Consumptive Automobile Efficient Home Heating System Efficient Appliances Efficient Lighting Green Power Local Products Recycled Products

84 Top Seven 30% Lower -- Workplace Priority List Start a Tele-work Program Offer Flexible Hours Efficient Heating System Efficient Office Equipment Efficient Lighting Purchase Green Power Use Recycled Products and Recycle

85 Community Priority List Top Seven Transportation planning Land Use (Smart Growth) Plan Re-lamp with Efficient Lighting Convert Vehicle Fleets to Fuel-efficient models Incentives for Public Transportation use Purchase Green Power Tree Planting, Garden and Green Roof Programs

86 The World in Front of Us A car that can cross the nation on a tank of fuel A home electric/heating bill of $12 dollars per month Solar computers and phones Traffic-free rush hours U.S. as a leader in the fastest part of the world economy

87 The World in Front of Us No more Code Red air quality days Energy security freedom from the Middle East Carbon credit stocks in the 401(k) Cure the nationwide juvenile asthma epidemic Abundant wildlife What else?

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