STUDY ON ENGINEERING BEHAVIOUR OF EXPANSIVE SOILS TREATED WITH SEA SHELL POWDER

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 5, May 217, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_8_5_65 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed STUDY ON ENGINEERING BEHAVIOUR OF EXPANSIVE SOILS TREATED WITH SEA SHELL POWDER R.P. Koperung kuzhali P.G student, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, India Divya Krishnan.K Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, India ABSTRACT Expansive soils are extensively distributed world-wide and they are the great sources for causing damages to the infra-structures. These soils may cause a heavy economical loss and other risk factors to the existing environment so in this case there is a need for remediating these types of problematic soils in to an effective purpose by undergoing various ground-improvement techniques and stabilization. In this present experimental investigation soil stabilization techniques is adopted to improve the strength parameters of the expansive soil and also to study the effect of the engineering behaviour of these types of problematic soils on addition of sea shell powder at varying percentages such a as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and at different curing days 3days, 7days, 14days, 28days shows a tremendous increase in the strength characteristics of the treated soils. In this experimental investigation the testing has been done with two soils collected from two different places. Initial tests were conducted to evaluate the geotechnical parameters of the untreated soil samples. From the test results is observed that on addition of 8% sea shell powder the (UCS) values for both treated soil sample 1and 2 varies from 266kPa to153.6kpa and 12.2kPa to 1711kPa respectively. Thus the use of this naturally available sea shell powder can be used as an effective additive to the soils and also eliminates the economic and environmental risk involved. This stabilizing agent improves the strength parameters of sub-grade of road pavements and embankments. Key words: Soil Stabilization, Sea Shell Powder, Un-Confined Compressive Strength. Cite this Article: R.P. Koperung Kuzhali and Divya Krishnan.K, Study on Engineering Behaviour of Expansive Soils Treated with Sea Shell Powder. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 217, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Study on Engineering Behaviour of Expansive Soils Treated with Sea Shell Powder 1. INTRODUCTION Expansive soils are those which experience a very high volumetric changes when subjected to moisture. These soils are abudentely distributed in the arid zones of the earth crust; which provides a favourable condition for the formation of the clayey soils of the Smectite groups. Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, illite, vermiculite etc; are some of the minerals present in these problematic soils which tends to exhibit the expansive nature of the soil. These soils are characterized with a ultra-fine grain particle size, a large specific surface area and a high cationexchange capacity. Volume changes of the soils are the major cause of disasters since they cause an extensive damage to the existing structures. Some of the traditional methods were also used to treat these problematic soils by using lime- cement [1,2,4,8,9],fly-ash [2,4],calcium [3,5,6,7] etc. In this study Sea shell powder is used as a stabilizing agent for treating the expansive soils; the sea shell powder which has a excellent stabilization nature as it posses the properties of lime. 2. METHODS AND MATERIALS 2.1. Soil Samples In this study the test were conducted on two soil samples. The first soil sample is collected from Manapakkam Chennai and the second soil sample is collected from Thiruneermalai village Chennai Admixtures The admixtures used in this study is sea shell powder. The sea shell powder is the residue powder that is made by powdering of the naturally available hard sea shells which is the exoskeleton of Mollusks. Sea Shell Powder contains 9% of calcium (Ca) which is the major constituent of lime (CaO) that makes it a better and economic stabilising admixture. Studies reveals that lime stabilisation is one of the traditional and economic process and shows a better improvement. The sea shells are cleaned and dried and are heated at 1 c to 25 c Methodology The admixtures used at various proportions such as 2%,4%, 6% and 8% undergoing different curing periods. The various test conducted by mixing the sea shell powder at different percentages to find out the unconfined compressive strength Experimental investigation A series of laboratory test were performed to identify the effect of sea shell powder stabilized soils. The experimental investigation is carried out on the untreated soil samples 1& 2 to determine the geotechnical properties of the soils. The soil samples 1and 2 are classified as High compressible clayey soils (CH). The below table presents the geotechnical properties of the untreated soil samples 1& editor@iaeme.com

3 R.P. Koperung Kuzhali and Divya Krishnan.K Table 1 Geotechnical properties of untreated soils 1& 2 Geotechnical properties Results Soil sample 1 Soil sample 2 Free swell Index(FSI) 75% 85% Specific gravity (Gs) Liquid Limit (%) 68% 66% Plastic Limit (%) 23% 34% Shrinkage limit (%) 12.8% 12.7% Maximum dry density Optimum moisture content21% 23% UCS Value (kpa) RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Unconfined Compressive Strength The UCS of the untreated and treated soil samples 1& 2 are found out using UCS test as per (IS code part [8] ) and the results are shown in the Table 2. All the treated soil samples showed an tremendous increase in unconfined compressive strength at various percentages 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% of sea shell powder and at different curing days of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. The stabilizing effect on addition of 8% of sea shell powder on soil sample 1 and 2 varies from 266kPato 153.6kPa and 12.2kPa to 1711kPa for soil samples 1 and 2 respectively. The addition of admixture throught the test shows a effective increase in the strength parameter of the soils 1 and 2. Thus the effect of sea shell powder at various percentages and at different curing periods obtained are for soil samples 1 and 2 is shown in the below figure 1& 2 The below table 2and 3 represents the UCS value of treated soil sample 1 at 4% and 8% at 7 days and 28 days curing Stress (kpa) 1 1 Soil 1 Soil 1+ 4% SS,7 days Soil 1+ 8% SS,7 curing Soil 1+ 4% SS,28 days Soil 1+ 8% SS,28 days.2.4 Strain.6.8. Figure 1 Stress Strain variation of treated soil sample 1 at various curing days editor@iaeme.com

4 Study on Engineering Behaviour of Expansive Soils Treated with Sea Shell Powder Stress (kpa) 1 1 Soil 2 Soil 2 + 4% SS,7 days Soil 2+ 8% SS,7 days Soil 2 + 4% SS,28 days soil 2 + 8% SS,28 days Strain Figure 2 Stress Strain variation of treated soil sample 2 at various curing days Soil 1 Table 2 Effect of sea shell powder on UCS of soil sample 1 and 2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (kpa) CURING DAYS % % % % SeaShell Powder (%) Soil % % % % The below figures represent the strength obtained by the treated soils samples at various curing periods. The graph plotted between the strength obtained on addition of various percentages of the admixture editor@iaeme.com

5 R.P. Koperung Kuzhali and Divya Krishnan.K 1 UCS (kpa) 3 days 7 days 14 days 28 days Admixture(%) Figure 3 Effect of sea shell powder on UCS of soil sample UCS (kpa) 3 days 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days Admixture (%) Figure 4 Effect of sea shell powder on UCS of soil sample 2 3. CONCLUSION The following conclusions were drawn from the experimental investigation carried out: [1] With the Increase in the percentage of admixture there is a tremendous attainment in the strength characteristics of the soil samples mixed with sea shell powder. [2] The UCS values from 266kPa to 153.6kPa for soil sample 1 and from 12.2kPa to 1711kPa for soil sample 2. [3] Thus the sea shell powder can be used as an effective stabilizer to remediate the large amount of contaminated and problematic soils and also to make the environment free from hazards and to create a clean environment by making use of the waste products collected from various sources editor@iaeme.com

6 Study on Engineering Behaviour of Expansive Soils Treated with Sea Shell Powder ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This experimental investigation was supported to an extent by the Faculty of Civil Engineering Department SRM University, Kattankulathur for providing the Geo technical laboratory facilities. Our sincere to thanks Laboratory In-charges, Laboratory Technicians, Family and Friends for the co-operation given to carry-out the present experimental study. REFERENCES [1] Thygaraj, Sudhakarrao, Laboratory studies on stabilization of expansive soil using lime precipitation materials civil engineering (212), Vol no: 24 Issue no:(8); pp: [2] Amer ali al Rawas, A.W. Hago, Hilal al-sarmi, Effect of lime,cement and artificial pozzolan on the swelling potential of an expansive soil (5) Building and environment; vol no:4; Issue no: 1 pp: [3] Amu.O and Salami B.A (21) Effect of common salt on some engineering properties of egg shell stabilized lateritic soil, Res Journal agricultural biological science,5,volume no 1;Issue 5; pp:8-84. [4] N. Gangadhara reddy, Janardhan Tahasildar (215); Journal on Evaluating the influence of additives on swelling characteristics of expansive soil international journalof geosynthetics and ground enggineering volume no:16 ; Issue no: 3; pp: [5] Geethu saji, Nimisha Mathew, (213); Improvement of clayey soil using egg shell powder and quarry dust,international organization of scientific research Journal of mechanical and civil engineering ; volume no13; Issue no:1 ;pp : [6] Amesh barazesh, Hamidreza sab, Mehdigharib and Mustafa Yousefi rad (212) Laboratory investigation effect of egg shell powder on plastic index in clay and expansive soil volume no:2;issue no:6 pp: [7] Youngs ok, Sangeun ok, Mahtab ahmed, Seunghun hyon, Kwon rae kim, Sang soo lee, Deokhyun moon, Kyong jae lim, Weon iaiteon jae eyay Effect of natural and calcinated oyster shells on immobilising cd and pb environmental earth science(21) volume no:61; Issue no:2 pp: [8] Nuno gritello, Stephanie glendinng, Listie fernandas, Amandio Effect of calcium content on soil stabilisation with alkaline activation Construction building material (213) volume no-33 Issue no:2 ; pp: [9] Mohamed khemsia, Abdul keim mohamed, Cement and Lime stabilization of an Expansive-over consolidated clay (214), Applied clay science Vol no:95; (214) pp:(14-11). [1] IS: 272 (part 5) 1985, Methods of tests for soil - Determination of liquid limit and plastic limit, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [11] IS: 272 (part 4) 1977, Methods of tests for soil - Determination of free swell index of soils, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [12] IS: 272(part 3/sec 1) 198, Methods of tests for soil - Determination of specific gravity, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [13] IS: 272 (part 7) (1975), Methods of tests for soil - Determination of compaction characteristics, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [14] IS: 272 (part 1) (1991), Methods of tests for soil - Determination of unconfined compressive strength, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [15] IS: 272 (part 6) (1972), Methods of tests for soil - Determination of shrinkage, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [16] IS: 272 (part 4) (1972), Methods of tests for soil, Grain Size Analysis, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [17] Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, Yusuf Jamal and M.Z. Khan, Assessment of Liquefaction Potential of Soil Using Multi-Linear Regression Modeling, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 216, pp editor@iaeme.com