CFY - STACK AS PLATFORM FOR SOFC/SOEC APPLICATIONS. Content FROM FUELS TO ELECTRICITY

Transcription

1 CFY - STACK AS PLATFORM FOR SOFC/SOEC APPLICATIONS Content Introduction CFY-Stack Stack Technology Performance and Durability Experience from System Operation Outlook

2 IKTS - Overview Regular staff: 438 Student workers: 43 Total budget: Industrial revenues: 38,9 m 12,6 m Public research revenues: 14,8 Area: Institute director: 14 laboratories and pilot plants of approx. 2. m² Prof. Dr. Alexander Michaelis Dresden Hermsdorf branch of the institute certification in accordance with DIN EN ISO 91:2 Stand: March 211

3 IKTS SOFC Value Chain Materials & Processing Key-components CAD + simulation Process components Systems Prototype manufacturing Test & validation - powder processing - paste preparation - tape casting - screen printing - sintering - thick film technology - characterization - electrodes - SOFC cells - SOEC cells - contact pastes - protective coatings - glass seals - porous ceramics - Solid Works - Matlab Simulink - Modelica - Excel *.DLL - data bases - ANSYS FEA - CFX CFD - COMSOL - start burner - CPOX reformer - steam reformer - Integrated reformer-burner unit - after burner - heat exchanger - isolation - separation membranes - natural gas - biogas - bioethanol - LPG / Propane - planar - tubular - microlayer - cells - stacks - hotbox - systems - test stations - scientific model tests - long-term material tests - component tests - system testing - field tests - post-mortem analysis - adopted sensors

4 Modular SOFC-Concept Module= 5-1 x 16 kw el CFY-Stack = 3..4 CFY- Interconnects CFY-Stack = 8-16 x 1,1 kw el CFY-Stack = 1,1 kw el CFY-Stack = 2-4 x 1,1 kw el 1-2 kw el BoP-Module 1-2 kw el 1-5 kw el

5 INTRODUCTION CFY-STACK SYSTEMS OUTLOOK IKTS / PLANSEE CFY Stack Technology CFY Stack Cover plate Bipolar plate Protective layer MEA Air Seal Anode contact Active area: 127 cm² Ground plate Interface to adapter plate Fuels F R O M F U E L S TO E L E C T R I C I T Y

6 IKTS / PLANSEE CFY Stack Technology Stack performance data Mk351 3-cell stack in hotbox-operation Weight: Dimensions: Power: Gravimetric power density: Volumetric power density: 1,75 kg 15x13x11 mm³ (2145 cm³) >82W (H 2 /N 2 =4/6,η fu =75 %,T LuA =835 C) 75 W/kg 373 W/l Pressure loss: Anode 25 Nl/min 85 C <1 mbar Cathode 1 Nl/min 85 C <1 mbar

7 IKTS / PLANSEE CFY Stack Technology Potential for cost reduction Huge cost reduction by scale up of production from Plansee experience with Bloom Energy Year

8 Performance and Durability voltage in A, η FU =74%, air 13 sl/min T Cat_in =65 C H 2 : 9,9 sl/min, N 2 : 14,7 sl/min, T gas_in =8 C 3 2,9 2,8 2,7 2,6 2,5 2,4 2,3 2,2 2,1 74% η_fu, 24,5 sl/min Gas, 13 sl/min Air, 858 W, T_CP=828 C, T_Cat_O=823 C, ØU=2,5 V, ΔU =,64 V 8% η_fu, 23,7 sl/min Gas, 14 sl/min Air, 847 W, T_CP=828,3 C, T_Cat_O=823 C, ØU=2,4 V, ΔU =,66 V 87% η_fu, 23,1 sl/min Gas, 14 sl/min Air, 833 W, T_CP=828,9 C, T_Cat_O=824 C, ØU=2,4 V, ΔU =,73 V U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 U1 package 1,95,9,85,8,75,7 cellvoltage in V Power Output Performance comparable to 75 C T_cover 827 C T_cat_out 821 C T_an_out 797 C T_cat_in 65 C T_an_in 8 C T_ground 814 C

9 Performance and Durability voltage in V, electrical efficiency 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1, time in h U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 U1 U_Nernst FU ɳ_el T_CP T_Cat_O current_density power power_density temperature in C, current_density in ma/cm², power in W, power_density in mw/cm² Long-term operation Environment: hotbox Fuel: 4% H 2 in N 2 Air: 1 sl/min η fu : 75 % Long-term Degradation P/P <,7 %/1 h (over >8 h)

10 Performance and Durability voltage in V, electrical efficiency 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1, time in h temperature in C, current_density in ma/cm², power in W, power_density in mw/cm² Redox- / system cycles RedOx-Stability in hotbox <4 % / 4 cycles U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 U1 Û_Nernst FU ɳ_el T_CP T_Cat_O current_density power power_density

11 Biogas fueled System Performance with renewable fuels Operation of CFY-Stack in biogas system with CH 4 /CO 2 =6/4 as a fuel with highly efficient CPOX reformer & system DC efficiency up to 47% electrical efficiency fuel utilization electrical power,5,48,46,44,42,4,45,5,55,6,65,7,75,8,85,9 mole fraction of methane in fuel,8,78,76,74,72,45,5,55,6,65,7,75,8,85,9 mole fraction of methane in fuel system conditions: fuel: methane reforming: partial oxidation P ch,in = 17 W Τ stack output = C U min, cell =,7 V λ ref, CH4=,5 =,7 λ ref, CH4=,55 =,1 λ ref, CH4=,6 =,13 λ ref, CH4=,65 =,15 λ ref, CH4=,7 =,17 λ ref, CH4=,75 =,19 λ ref, CH4=,8 =,2 λ ref, CH4=,85 =,22 experimental results η el X br P el,45,5,55,6,65,7,75,8,85,9 mole fraction of methane in fuel

12 SOFC2: STACK-MODULE CFY - Stack packaging in a hotbox In series connection of 8x3-cell stacks in the module

13 SOFC2: STACK-MODULE Stack-Module 1 8 1,8 Operation of 8x3-cell stack module on simulated CH 4 reformate at IKTS before commissioning to AVL Voltage in V A, 1942 W, T_CP=736,5 C, T_Cat_O=739,2 C 15 A, 2776 W, T_CP=748,7 C, T_Cat_O=749 C 2 A, 3613 W, T_CP=78 C, T_Cat_O=782,7 C II 1 II 2 II 3 II 4 I 4 I 3 I 2 I 1,6,4,2 Cell voltage in V Bottom stacks Top Stacks U_II1_1 U_II1_2 U_II1_3 U_II2_1 U_II2_2 U_II2_3 U_II3_1 U_II3_2 U_II3_3 U_II4_1 U_II4_2 U_II4_3 U_I4_1 U_I4_2 U_I4_3 U_I3_1 U_I3_2 U_I3_3 U_I2_1 U_I2_2 U_I2_3 U_I1_1 U_I1_2 U_I1_3 Bottom Stacks Package

14 SOFC2: STACK-MODULE Stack-Module AVL Operation of 8x3-cell stack module in system with anode off-gas Voltage in V A, 1877 W, T_CP=794,6 C, T_Cat_O=788 C 15,6 A, 2831 W, T_CP=829,5 C, T_Cat_O=821 C 2 A, 3492 W, T_CP=83,6 C, T_Cat_O=821 C 1,8,6,4,2 Cell voltage in V II 1 II 2 II 3 II 4 I 4 I 3 I 2 I 1 Bottom stacks Top Stacks Bottom Stacks U_II1_3 U_II1_2 U_II1_4 U_II2_3 U_II2_2 U_II2_1 U_II3_3 U_II3_2 U_II3_1 U_II4_3 U_II4_2 U_II4_1 U_I4_1 U_I4_2 U_I4_3 U_I3_1 U_I3_2 U_I3_3 U_I2_1 U_I2_2 U_I2_3 U_I1_1 U_I1_2 U_I1_3 Package

15 SOFC2: STACK-MODULE Stack-Module AVL First tests of 8x3-cell stack module in system with anode off-gas

16 SOFC2: STACK-MODULE Stack-Module perfomance comparison IKTS vs. AVL 1 8 1,8 Operation of 8x3-cell stack module with simulated CH 4 IKTS and in system with anode off-gas Voltage in V IKTS: 2 A, 3613 W, T_CP=78 C, T_Cat_O=769,9 C AVL: 2 A, 3492 W, T_CP=83,6 C, T_Cat_O=821 C II 1 II 2 II 3 II 4 I 4 I 3 I 2 I 1,6,4,2 Cell voltage in V U_II1_1 U_II1_2 U_II1_3 U_II2_1 U_II2_2 U_II2_3 U_II3_1 U_II3_2 U_II3_3 U_II4_1 U_II4_2 U_II4_3 U_I4_1 U_I4_2 U_I4_3 U_I3_1 U_I3_2 U_I3_3 U_I2_1 U_I2_2 U_I2_3 U_I1_1 U_I1_2 U_I1_3 Bottom stacks Top Stacks Bottom Stacks Package

17 SOEC operation CFY-Stack with MEAs for SOEC operation 1-cell stack Environment: Furnace Fuel: H 2 /H 2 O = 5/5 SOEC/SOFC periodic Voltage in V Time in h U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 U1 U_sum T DP Current density Power Temperature in C, Current_density in ma/cm² Poewer in W

18 CFY-Stack Next generation Mk352 Simple system integration Optimized for Lower pressure drop Performance and Durability 1 to 4 Cell Stacks Long-term degradation <,5% / kh

19 Stack-Modules Optimization for steam pre-reformed NG operation Integration of 4-cell stacks Higher power range In series / in parallel connection System tests with partners Pilot module manufacturing

20 Acknowledgments You are IKTS: H27, Booth B5 NOW: H27, Booth B56 Plansee: H27, Booth D71 Vaillant: H27, Booth E51 EBZ / Sunfire: H27, Booth B5 FuelCon: H27, Booth C64 AVL: H27, Booth D55