IMBALANCES IN ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN MAHARASHTRA STATE

Transcription

1 CHAPTER Vn IMBALANCES IN ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN MAHARASHTRA STATE INTRODUCTION ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY GENERATION PROJECTS IN THE STATE PRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRICITY IN THE STATE CONSUMPTION OF THE ELECTRICITY IN THE STATE

2 214 CHAPTER VH IMBALANCE IN ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN MAHARASHTRA STATE Introduction: The Overall development of any region depends on variety of the aspects. Which includes Quality of the population, Resource endowment, Energy resources, Industrialization, Urbanization, Infrastructure etc. Energy is the basic and fundamental requirement of any kind development. If Development process is the turning wheel, it is the energy that makes the wheel turn. Without energy the wheel will come to stop. If Development process stops progressing modem life of men have to face many problems. Many sectors require power supply otherwise they stops functioning. It affects directly agriculture, industries, mining, communication and transportation, recreational industries while indirectly trade and commerce, human life style and many sectors of the society will be stopped. If the modem industrial sector would stop functioning and cease rapidly churning out vast quantities of thousands of varieties and affects all the sectors based on it or part of it. Agricultural production may affects due to this. Simply the human life will become unbearable worst. There is an intimate relationship in between economic development and the power supply. The energy supply in the country should be adequate, steady and uninterrupted. The provision of needed type of energy can keep primary, secondary and tertiary activities running and functioning smoothly. But in India energy problem is becoming worst. Many scholars have studied the energy problems of India. Many

3 215 committees and groups of scholars and organizations were surveyed and carried out fieldworks in this respect. The Working Group of Energy Policy (1979) made certain observation and recommended some measures to overcome the crisis. According to them there is no guarantee of steady and adequate supply of energy in the country. There are no effective measures for the regulating consumption. Annual requirement is increasing significantly day by day. Conventional sources of energy development and conservation are not taken into account by any organization. It means that there is a need of proper planning of generation of energy and distribution of it Conservation of energy is very important factor involves more efficient use of energy sources. Non conventional energy sources like solar energy, wind energy and tidal energy have to be utilized more an that purpose need of technological development and will of political leaders Electricity Generation and Consumption: In Maharashtra situation of power supply is very inadequate and interrupted. This situation rose in recent years. In the initial stage Maharashtra was possessing substantial energy and hence it supplies to neighboring States. In 1948 Bombay State Electricity Board was formed and government took the responsibility of production and distribution of power supply itself. Immediately after the Independence, there were about four important power-generating schemes like Tata Company at Mulshi, Radhangari Power Supply Scheme, in Vidarbha at Khaparkheda and Ballarsha. Small cities in the State have their own power supply by private companies, which were generating and distributing power supply in respective cities. But after Independence, during the last two decades, the Government have

4 216 undertaken and completed major power projects like Koyna, Khaparkheda, Ballarsha, Yeldari, Tarapur, Koradi etc. CS «_* -Vli-, In 1960 about 3268 M.Us. were generated in the State and this figure went up to in The installed capacity has been raised from 760 MW in to MW in Distribution of power has considerably improved. Most of the private power companies have been taken over by the State Government. Till power was made available for (out of 39354)villages in the State. The demand of electricity has increasing day by day but generation of electricity is not adequate. Hence there is critical situation. In recent Year State is buying powers from Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and from NEPC. The process of industrialization and agriculture progress hampered by the disrupted and continuous power cuts in the State. Here an attempt has been made to study the power generation and power consumption of the State. At present the situation of Electricity generation and the consumption in the Shite is better understood from the following table

5 217 TABLE VH-I MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND CONSUMPTION TO Sr. Category Year No Installed Capacity (,000 KW) a. Thermal b. Oil NEG. NEG. NEG. NEG. c. Hydro d. Atomic Energy e Natural Gas Total Output (Million KWH) a. Thermal b. Oil 68 NEG. NEG. NEG. NEG. NEG. c. Hydro d. Atomic Energy e. Natural Gas _ f Non 883 Conventional Total Consumption (Million KWH) a. Domestic Light & Small Power b. Commercial Light & Small Power c. Industrial Power d. Public Light

6 e. Railway NA f. Irrigation & Dewatering g- Waterworks NA h. Miscellaneous Total NEG-Negligible. NA. -] 1 i )le. Source - Economic Survey of Maharashtra District wise scenario of power generation is very imbalance because powa generating stations are not found in each and every district of the State. They ar confined to few districts where power potential is available. Some times energ sources like natural gas, coal and nuclear elements supply available districts ar promoting the establishment of the power-generating station. At present in Maharashtra power is generated at following important powei generating stations 21

7 219 Thousand KW Maharashtra State Electricity Generation And Consumption Years Output Consumption Fig. VII-1 TABLE VII-II MAHARASHTRA STATE DISTRICTWISE THERMAL POWER STATIONS Sr. Category District Power Station No. Thermal Hydro Atomic Natural Gas 1 Parbhani Yeldari Aurangabad Paithan Chandrapur Chandrapur Jalgaon Bhusawal Kolhapur Tilari, Radhanagari Latur Parali

8 22 7 Nagpur Korady, Khaparkheda, Pench Nashik Nashik, Pune Bhatghar, Veer, Pavana, Panshet, Varasgao,. Mannikdoh 10 Raigad Uran, Trombay, Bhira, - Bhatsa, Bhivapuri Ratnagiri Dabhol Satara Koyna, Dhom, Kanher 13 Thane Dahanu, Vaitama, Tarpur, Bhatsa 14 Sindhudurg Tillari a 15 Ahmednaga Bhndaradara r Solapur Ujani 1 17 Sangli Chandoli 1 Total Source - Economic Survey of Maharashtra C Electricity Generating Projects in the State. There are 74 power generating stations in the State, located In 17 differe districts of the State (Table No.VII-II). The distribution of these stations is n uniform. High potential of hydro electricity generation is found in the Western Gha Region. Natural slope with escarpments and waterfalls provides suitable locations f

9 220a MAHARASHTRA STATE THERMAL POWER GENERATION STATIONS FIG. VII-2

10 221 the establishment of power generation stations. Team of engineer of Koyna project has also suggests few locations in Satara districts. But the political unwillingness and power politics becomes hurdle in such development The installed capacity of the different sources is increased in every decade ( Table VII-I). The maximum increase registered in the thermal power-generating sector. These sources are main sources of electricity in the State. These sources are traditional sources developed in different parte of die state. These stations are mainly using coal to generating energy on large-scale include Chandrapur, Khaparkheda, Bhusawal, Parali, Korady, Nashik, Ukai, Uran and Dahanu. There are 45 thermal power generation stations. The capacity of existing power stations is 8075 megawatt in Another sector is hydro electricity generating stations, but this increase is not significant. It means that government has not taken initiatives in development of hydropower generating stations. Installed capacity in nuclear power generating sector shows fluctuations, because nuclear raw material i.e. Uranium, Thorium supply has declined in recent years, due to international politics. The use of natural gas in power generation was started from 1990, but it is comparatively less increased in the installed capacity. The share of the Maharashtra State in the country total installed capacity, mainly in NTPC is about 2052 mega watt. The share in NPC is about 137 mega watts.

11 Neg r- CO H TABLE, v n - m MAHARASHTRA STATE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF ELECTRICITY TO A. Installed Capacity Mega Watt in the State Thermal Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. h- rh h- m Oil Hydro o Ov rhl VO Ov rh orh <N o i <N Neg. I! 1 < o ov rh o Os rh Neg. Neg. Neg. Natural Gas NA. NA. NA. NA. NA. NA. NA. Captive Power NA. NA. NA. NA. NA. NA. & % Non Conventional Total A. Installed Capacity Mega Watt in the State NA. NA. NA. NA. NA. National Thermal Power Corporation 137 e' en «t NA. NA. NA. NA. NA. Nuclear Power Corporation d u W O < m Total C a i U V IA * 1? A A < n A m i A C i m r a t r a ^ A ^ o l i a r a o l i f r a

12 222a MAHARASHTRA STATE HYDROELECTRICITY GENERATION STATIONS FIG. VII-3

13 Installed Capacity of Thermal Power Generation Stations in Maharashtra. At present 45 thermal power-generation stations are found in the State and located -in seven districts. Hence there is uneven distribution of capacity of power generation in the State. C«See-- "^3 «VlL- 20. TABLE Vn-IV MAHARASHTRA STATE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF MAJOR THERMAL PLANTS * Sr. No. Location District No. Of Units Nature Capacity (MW) 1 Bhusawal Jalgaon 3 Thermal 58*1 210*2=478 2 Chandrapur Chandrapur 7 Thermal 210*4 500*3= Ballarsha Chandrapur 1 Thermal Khaparkheda Nagpur 4 Thermal 210*4=840 5 Koradi Nagpur 7 Thermal 115*4 200*1 210*2= Ekalhara Nashik 5 Thermal 140*2 210*3=910 7 Paras Akola 2 Thermal Parali Beed 5 Thermal 30*2 210*3=690 9 Uran Raigad 10 Natural Gas 60*4 108*4 120*2= Dahanu Thane 1 Natural Gas 500 Total (Source: Author)

14 225 Installed capacity of the plants varies from 22.5 mw. to 1080 mw. The Nagpur and Chandrapur district possessing coal resources and hence the plants are generating power optimum. Other plants are depends upon the coal supply from the Yavatmal, Nagpur, Bhandara and Chandrapur districts. Expansions of these plants are under consideration. A setting up of new super thermal power plant of capacity 2100 mw in Chandrapur district is also under consideration. NTPC is decided to set this plant I order to promote industrial development in the State. Government of India has liberalized the Industrial Policy in As a part of implementation of New Industrial Policy the Government of India has announced Coal Mines Nationalization Act (1973), permitting private entrepreneur to have captive coalmine for two purpose of thermal power generation and manufacture of Iron and Steel. As a result of this M/S. Nippon Dendra Ispat, Nagpur has envisaged to establish thermal power plant of the capacity of 1084 mw. at Bhandak in Chandrapur district based on coal deposits from Baranj. Reliance Company (RJL) is also submitted proposal for setup of thermal power generation plant at Patalganga (Raigad District) of 410 mw. capacity. The State Government has approved this project. This plant started functioning in Although the capacities of the generation of power differ plant to plant and playing vital role in local and regional level. District Chandrapur has maximum capacity of thermal power generation through seven units of Durgapur and Ballarsha. ( i.e.2340 MW). Continuous and cheap supply of coal from the coalfields in the district helps to improve power generation.

15 226 The Nagpur district followed by Chandrapur incase of installed capacity of the thermal power in the State. Koradi and Khaparkheda both thermal power plants are located in the coalfields of the district Hence they are functioning well. All other thermal power generation plants depend upon the coal supply from Eastern Vidarbha district have moderate capacity of power generation, and contributes notably in die State. Important thing of power sector of the State is that power generation takes place in the State is horn the thermal power stations. Installed capacity of the thermal power increases year to year. MSEB and TATA both are involve d in this power sector. During recent decade the thermal power generation capacities of these two sectors are as follows. TABLE VH-V MAHARASHTRA STATE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORWISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF THERMAL POWER (Megawatt) Sector MSEB TATA Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra Thus very less increase has registered in the installed capacity of MSEB during the concern decade.i.e per cent. There is no any increase in the installed capacity of TATA Thermal Power sector. It is very less compare to the increase in demand in the State.

16 Installed Capacity of Hydropower Generation Stations in Maharashtra There are 24 hydroelectricity generating stations in die State. Important one is Koyna, Tillari and Bhira. Minor plants include Radhanagari, Yeldari, Paithan, Bhandardara, Bhatghar, Veer, Bhatsa, Vaitama, etc. C, see. -Fi!23I- ^ 3. TABLE Vn-VI MAHARASHTRA STATE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF HYDROPOWER (Megawatt) Sr. Installed Sr. Installed Project District Project District No. Capacity No. Opacity 1 Koyna Stage I, Satara Bhatghar Pune 16 n,m 2 Koyna(KDPH) Satara Veer Pune 9 3 Dhom. Satara 2 13 Pavana Pune 10 4 Kanher Satara 4 14 Panshet Pune 8 5 Bhira Raigad Varasgao Pune 8 Bhira TATA Khopoli TATA Bhivapuri TATA Mannikdoh Pune 6 Vaitama Thane Pench Nagpur Bhatsa Thane Ujani Solapur 12 8 Radhnagari Kolhpaur Chandoli Sangli - 9 Yeldari Parbhani 5 19 Paithan Aurangabad Tilari Sindhudurga - Source: Economic Survey year

17 228 Most important thing is that all these projects are not operating continuously. Some of them are contributing regularly. Koyna project has maximum installed capacity. Remaining all others are fair to low installed capacity. Above table reveals the potential of hydroelectricity generation in the State. If all the power stations started generating electricity it will be great achievement The installed capacity of hydroelectricity in the State is steadily increasing. As many projects were established and accomplished.(table- VII ; ) TABLE vn-vn MAHARASHTRA STATE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF HYDROPOWER TO (Mega Watt) Category Year Hydro Increase in percent Source: Economic Survey year Installed capacity of the hydropower generation stations is steadily increasing since In the initial stage State has 282 MW of the installed capacity, which rises to 844 MW. in Increase registered is about percent during the decade. It was huge leap taken by the power sector of the State. During the next decade the rise in the installed capacity increased to percent. It is due to minor project in the state started functioning during this period. During the to rise in the installed capacity registered is about percent. This is a notable

18 229 achievement in the power sector. It is mainly because number of small projects and medium projects under construction progressed. Jayakwadi, Tillari. Kalamawadi Chandoli and such other projects were started electricity generation in small quantity. The total installed capacity ultimately Increased in this period. At present the total installed capacity of hydropower generation station in the State is about 2894 MW. i.e. 10 times increase since the But then after them is very less increase registered in case of installed capacity. In current decade the rise in the hydropower generation is mainly because Government sector as well as private sector both have expanded their installed capacities. Gives detail about Table VII-VIII. v. table vn-vra MAHARASHTRA STATE " INSTALLED CAPACITY OF HYDROPOWER TO (Mega Watt) Sector Year MSEB TATA Increase in percent MSEB Increase in percent TATA 0 Source: Economic Survey year

19 230 The MSEB s hydropower generation stations installed capacity increases during this period is about per cent. While in case of the TATA Hydroelectricity generation stations installed capacity increased to percent It shows positive trend in this respect in the State. But still the installed capacity is less in these sectors. The huge and continuous increasing demand of electricity from industrial, agricultural and domestic fronts in the State always resulted in imbalanced situation in demand and supply. The hydroelectricity generation installed capacity Varies from Center to center Only Koyna Project has more capacity in the State. The installed capacity of Koyna Project (Pophali) is 1960 MW. It is bifurcated into different stages. Stage I and II are having four units of 70 MW. each and four units with 80 MW. each capacity. Stage HI has four units with 80 MW. capacity each while Stage IV has four units of 250 MW. installed capacity each. There are two units of 20 MW. installed capacity at the Koyna Dam. It means that die major share of the state s total installed capacity is of Koyna project i.e percent. There are three important power generation stations based on the natural gas. Among them Uran, Trombay are important one. Dabhol is not operating at optimum capacity. The total power generation installed capacity of gas-based projects in the State is about 992 MW. It is seen that the capacity MSEB and TATA both are sharing this capacity percent and 8.07 percent respectively. hi the last decade from there is no any increase in installed capacity registered in both the cases.

20 Current situation :- The overall scenario in the installed capacity of the power generation sectors in the State is better reveals from the Table W-IX TABLE VH-IX MAHARASHTRA STATE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF POWER STATIONS IN THE STATE TO (Mega Watt) Sector Year MS]EB TATA Other State Total Increase in percent Source: Economic Survey year Since 1991 the share of MSEB in the installed capacity of all kinds of projects is more in the State. It was percent in the The share of TATA and Others were percent and 2.02 percent respectively during the same year. In recent year sharing of the installed capacity changes notably as percent, of MSEB, percent of TATA and percent of Others (BSES and others). The general trend shows that from to there was very less rise in the installed capacity of the State. In the next year it is about 6.63 percent, which is noticeable. It is mainly because share of BSES is increased (500MW) remarkably. But then after situation in this respect is stagnant. In die year the I

21 232 installed capacity of MSEB increased by 500 MW in thermal power generation sector. Hence the rise of installed capacity registered is about 6.5 percent in this year. In the year there is no any noticeable achievement takes place. The in the year the huge leap in this sector registered. The importantly the hydroelectricity generation installed capacity of the MSEB is increased to 856 MW. and at same time the Dabhol Power Project is started functioning with 728 MW. addition in the total installed capacity of the State. In the year again there is increased in hydroelectricity generation capacity in MSEB. Thus there are ups and downs in the installed capacity during the last decade. Overall steady increase is registered. At the same time the installed capacity from Central Sector in die State also increased from 1054 MW in to 2185 MW. in It also registered ups and downs with slow increase in the installed capacity as the share of Maharashtra State. The installed capacity of electricity generation in Maharashtra by all sources, as on 31st March 2005, was MW. It is more by 1606 MW than that of the The Table No.9 gives details of available installed capacity by type of sources.

22 Sr. No. TABLE VH-I MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY INSTALLED CAPACITY 2005 Type of Source Year (Megawatt) A In the State - L MAHAGENCO 1.Thermal Hydro Natural Gas 852 Total 9717 H.TATA 1.Thermal Hydro Natural Gas 180 Total 1774 HI.RELIANCE 1. Thermal 500 IV. DABHOL 1. Natural Gas 728 V. Captive Power 908 VL Non-conventional 748 VII. Nuclear 190 Total A B. NTPC/NPC 2189 Total A+B Source: Economic Survey year

23 234 Of the installed capacity in the State, MAHAGENCO contributed 64 percent share in the installed capacity, it is followed by TATA 12 percent Non-conventional sources 8 percent Captive Power 6 percent Dabhol Power Corporation 5 percent, RELIANCE Energy 3 percent and Nuclear 2 percent. The overall installed capacity of the State is increased mainly due to the increase in the State s share in the central projects and the capacity addition in non-conventional sources. There is no any phenomenal changes have taken place in the Shite in addition installation of the capacity. The share from Sardar Sarovar Project may helpful in increase its capacity in the future. The installed capacity of the electricity generation in the State is increasing annually at the compound rate of 7.4 percent during the period to Per annum increase is registered in the to decade it is about percent. In recent years there is no notable addition in the installed capacity in the State. That is a cause of concern and serious implications as the demand of electricity increasing enormously. MAHAGENCO is thinking about the increase in installed capacity by augmenting capacity addition in existing MAHAGENCO s projects and by way of stakes in the central and interstate projects. The expected capacity addition in XIth Five Year Plan in the State is through the MAHAGENCO and Central Sector is about 7032 MW. and 2913 MW. respectively. It will be carried out from the year to It means that in the near future prospect of energy sector development is better. That will help to meet the demands of electricity in the State. s

24 Production Of the Electricity in the State Power generation or production of the electricity in the State is continuous! increasing. Following table reveals the ups and downs in the production of th electricity in the State. TABLE VH-XI MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY GENERATION TO (Million Kilowatt Hours Sr. No. Category Thermal Oil 68 NEG. NEG. NEG. NEG. NEG. NO 3 Hydro Atomic Energy Natural Gas Non-conventional NA NA NA NA NA NA 88 Total Increased percent in decade ! Source: Economic Survey year During the year total production of electricity was 3268 million KWE In the next decade it has increased by percent Then after the production of th electricity in the State was increasing but not by the same trend of initial decade. A present State is producing 68,507MU s. ( ). It is 21times of the ] means that power generation in the State is improving every year. The Share c

25 (MSEB) MAHAGENCO in the total electricity production in the State is about percent and others TATA, BSES. RELIANCE, DABHOL is about percent. 236 Maharashtra State Electricity Generation y y j y' "V / / Million KWH / / y < ' y 20000h,y y Year Thermal BOil Hydro Atomic Energy Natural Gas BNon-conventional Fig. VII-Ej Since there is a continuous increase in the production of electricity in the State. Initially the rate of increase is very high but in latter period it was slow and steady. During this period of 45 years the most importantly there is rise in every sector of the electricity production. Thermal power generation is remarkable during this period that rises from 1835 Million KWH to Million KWH. It means that major development in the generation is found in the thermal power sector of the State. It followed by the hydro-electricity generation. It is mainly because many private companies are involved in the production of the electricity. They are mainly based on coal and gas. It is due to beginning of privatization of electricity generation in the State.

26 237 Use of natural gas for electricity generation is also started mainly in the year. In this year 2730 Million KWH electricity was generated by use of natural gas. It is further improved the 5450 Million KWH. The State s share in the atomic energy generation is show ups and downs. While strikingly the non-conventional energy sector contribute by addition of 883 Million KWH electricity generations in the State Thermal Power Production In The State: During the last five decades there is a continuous rise in the production of electricity from different thermal power plants. Cs Category TABLE VH-XH MAHARASHTRA STATE THERMAL POWER PRODUCTION TO Year ^ (MU s) Steam on Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Source: Economic Survey year Initially there was only Bhusawal Thermal Power Plant in the State. That was started operating form 17th July, Other minor plants were existed in the State. But the major thermal pants were started operating in the decade. Hence tremendous stride was taken by the power sector in thermal electricity production. The second important phase was observed in the and third was in the decade

27 238 There are different thermal power plants started operating efficiently and contribute to increase power production in the State. The table (Table VIIXII) reveals that Chandrapur thermal power plant is leading producer of electricity since It is followed Koradi of Nagpur district and then by Ekalahre (Nashik) and then by Khaparkheda. It means that the plants with different capacities started operating efficiently to meet the demand. il h., ' 4 TABLE vn-xm MAHARASHTRA STATE THERMAL POWER GENERATION IN MAJOR PLANTS TO (MU s) Sr. Thermal No. Power Plant Bhusawal (Jalgaon) 2 Chandrapur (Chandrapur) Khaparkheda (Nagpur) Koradi (Nagpur) Ekalhare (Nashik) Paras (Akola)

28 Parali (Beed) Source: Economic Survey year Chandrapur Thermal Power Generation Plant has 7 distinct units contribute in production with maximum capacities. Since all the seven units of this plant are operating very effectively. On this particular year this only plant contribute with MU. It is mainly because of the location of plant is in the endowed coalfields. Performance of this plant is remarkable. This plant is awarded by Central Government for their outstanding performance. Koradi Thermal Power Plant is second important plant in the State. It was started operating since There are 7 units with different capacities operating in the Koradi. Four units are belongs to Ist Stage while three units are in the IInd Stage. All the units are performing with maximum efficiency. This center receives coal from different coalfields of the Nagpur district and neighboring district Bhandara. The plenty and cheap coal supply made this pant more economical viable. Maximum production from this plant is 5843 MU recorded in the year Henceforth the plant is producing more than 5000 MU of electricity every year. Eklahare Thermal Power Plant is located in Nashik district known as Nashik Thermal Power Station. There are 5 units with different capacities functioning in the station. The Unitl and Unit2 were started in 1970 and 1972 respectively. From 1979,1980 and 1981during 1his three consecutive years upgraded the station with establishment of three other production units. In recent years all the units are showing

29 240 good performance. The maximum production from this plant is 5847 MU registered in the year Then afterward plant is producing more than 5000, MU electricity every year. This plant is receiving coal mainly from Yavatmal, Chandrapur and Bhandara districts. The coal supply is made through the railway. Khaparkheda Thermal Power Station is other important station of Nagpur district It contributes remarkably in the thermal power sector of the State. Electricity is producing from four units. Each unit is having 210 MW installed capacity. This station started operating in the year , initially with two units. In the year 2000 and 2001 two other units are installed. These all units are continuously performing well. The maximum production took place in this station is 4794 MU in the year This power plant also enjoying vicinity of the cheap and ample coal supply from district itself. Parali thermal power station was started in the year It is mainly started with an objective substantial and continuous electricity supply to Marathwada region. Initially there were two units with less production capacity. In the year 1980, 1985, and then in 1987 three other units were established. Each of the unit is with 210 MW installed capacity. Since this plant producing exceeding 4000 MU of electricity every year. This station is depend on the coal supply from Yavatmal and Vidarbhiyan Coal Fields. Bhusawal Thermal Power Station is important and old power station of the State. It was helps to create less imbalanced situation in North Maharashtra by supplying better quantity of electricity. This station was started in with 58 MW of installed capacity. In the year 1979 and then in 1982 two more units were

30 241 established. The units are of 210 MW installed capacity. This was carried out in support to increase in demand for electricity in this particular region. Industrial development and agricultural sector, rural electrification all are combine resulted into increase in demand. To fulfill this demand these three units of the plant performing very effectively. Paras Thermal Power Station of Akola is a snail plant with two units of combine- installed capacity 58 MW. This plant was started in Since 1967 this plant is producing with the same capacity. There is no any progress registered in case of this plant Still this is vital plant at local level. Instead of these plants owned by MAHAGENCO, TATA and BSES like other private companies involved in the thermal power production. TATA Co. owned power stations producing 5000 to 8000 MU of electricity. During the decade , ups and downs are found in the production. It is mainly because inadequate and discontinuous supply of coal and natural gas. At present TATA Co. contributes 8174 million KWH of electricity production. It means still the role of the company in the State s total electricity production is very important. BSES is also performing well since At present BSES s share is notably well. That is 3554 MU of electricity production. Reliance Co. is also involved in the thermal electricity production. Its share is about 4379 million KWH. All above discussion reveals some important facts that thermal power generation sector is a sector showing continuous improvement in the production of the electricity in the State. All the thermal power-generating stations are performing well and producing effectively. Each of the thermal power plants is upgraded with addition

31 242 units time to time. The Installed capacity increased time to time on observing demand from the State. Major share in the thermal power generation is of MAHAGENCO. It is about percent. TATA Co. is sharing about percent of the State s total thermal power generation. RELIANCE Co. followed with 7.90 percent thermal power generation in the State. It means privatization shows positive developments in the thermal power sector of the State. In near future involvement of the private sector will be increase because numbers of proposals come to State government for investment in power sector especially thermal power sector. Hydroelectricity Production There are limited hydroelectricity generation projects in the State. They are Koynanagar of Satara, Pophali of Ratnagiri, Tillari and Radhnagari of Kolhapur, Paithan from Aurangabad, Bhatghar, Veer, Bhira, Bhatsa from Pune, Bhandardara from Nashik Vaitama from Thane. There are fourteen small and medium projects with different capacities operating in the State. The capacities of these projects are varies from 2 MW to 1560 MW. TABLE VH-XIV MAHARASHTRA STATE HYDROELECTRICITY GENERATION TO (MIPs) Sector Year i Hyc ro- Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra electiicity

32 243 Strikingly after there is continuous decline registered in the hydro electricity generation in stead of improving the production condition and becomes uncertain whenever there is demand is an real generation production fails to meet die demand. It is mainly because inefficient turbines and inefficient workforce. Many times availability of water is put hurdle in the generation but major cause is old machinery turbines and inefficient work force. Importantly Koyna - Pophali is a major project which producing maximum hydroelectric of state. Its share is about 80 percent in the total hydroelectricity production in state. Average hydroelectricity generation of die Koyna project is about MU / per year since This project is contributing in electricity production. Total installed capacity of the Koyna project is about 1960 MW (I & II Satge Consists 8 units while stage HI - 4, Stage - IV 4 & KDPH-2) Koyana project is spread in five Stages each stage has its own capacity with different of units. There are 8 units in I & II Stage, 4 units in Stage HI, 4 units in stage IVth and 2 units of KDPH stage. All the units combine produces 7 to 8 million KWH daily and mainly about 160 to 167 Million KWH. Other important Hydroelectricity project of the state is Vaitama project of Thane District This is project is contributing with IMillion KWH per day electricity in the State. This station is useful for the Thane, NewMumbai & Mumbai suburban. Bhiva, Bhivapuri, Khopali H.E.P. is also generating IMillon KWH to 1.30 Million electricity per day. It mean's it can produces 30 Million KWH per month. The maximum generation registered for this project is about 55 Million in a month.

33 244 Tillari H.E.P. is interstate project between Goa and Maharashtra. This project is producing 4,2700 KWH electricity per day and 9Million KWH per month the maximum production per month registered in this project is about 50 Million KWH. Potential of electricity is very high in this project. It should be handled more skillfully and effectively it will be beneficial for Southern Maharahstra district of Kolhapur, Sangli, Solhapur. - Maharawada resigon, Yielding HE.P.(23MW) is very important project of parbhani district This project producing KWH per day. Monthly Contribution of this project is about 7.70 Million KWH. Radhanagari & Bhatsa combine contribute MU electricity production in the state. Both are small unit at the same time older ones. There is no any kind of renovation, upgradation to improve production. Bhandara is also a old Hydroelectricity project but production from this project is not continues there is ups and downs Paithan (Jayakwadi) 12 MW H.E.P. is newly established plant it is not operating with optimum capacity. Electricity generation from this project is about mu. Per month. Tate H.E.P. are situated at khopoli, Bhivapuri these project combine contributing MU electricity generation of the state per month production is about MU. Above discussion reveals that the contribution of Hydroelectricity in states total power sector is decline as compare to thermal power generation. This sign is not good for the overall development of the state. Because exploitation of power resources like

34 245 coal and natural gas will be intensive in future. It will adversely affected die power resources wealth reserves. It harmful for the environment too. It is necessary to take action over increase in hydroelectricity generation capacity. Modernization and improvement through renovation should carried out as early as possible. Government should have completed small and medium projects. It is necessary to establish small turbines at such projects. So electricity can be generated in small quantity which will be used locally. Consumption of Electricity The electricity consumption as mainly proceed through various ways of types, Electricity is mosdy used in domestic activities, Commercial activities, Industrial production process, Agril activities public activities. Railway, public water works and many other (Miscellanes ) transport resources Over the year these are the main activities requires electricity on large scale, it is found that Industrial sector is always dominant consumer of the electricity. It is followed by dm domestic sector. Is the end third position sector in this respect whole commercial has 4th position. It means that maximum energy in the state is consumed either in industrial sector or domestic sector Districtwise Consumption of Electricity A) Domestic use : Consumption of electricity at domestic sector varies district to district. some of the districts are consuming less electricity while some are using very large quantity of electricity.

35 24 Mumbai district consuming per cent of the total energy consumed : domestic sector. It means that maximum electricity is consumed in economic capit or country for daily routines of domestic uses. Thane is another urban agglomeratic consuming percent to the total domestic sector of the state It followed by Pur and then Nagpur it means that domestic sector of four metropolitan cites if the sta consuming percent of the total electricity consumed in domestic sector. Of tl state It is totally imbalanced situation created in the state which is adverse effect on di today life of the people from parts other parts it will affects the slandered of limits: other parts of the state. Nashik, Kolhapur and Jalgaon are the other three districts belongs to hi consumption of electricity for domestic purposes. In these districts electconsumption is varies from Milli KWH to 191 Million KWH in Ratnagiri, Sindhudurga, Satara, AN, Solapur, amaravati, RaigadL, Chandrapr Ahmednagar, Gadchiroli, Dhule, Asola, Aurangabad, Bhandara districts are classifu as moderate users users and electricity for domestic purposes. Csee- "fig -3QX- ^ Shrikinshy and districts are still listed as low conmere of electricity mainly fi domestic purpose. In these districts, Osmanabad is at the bottom with least 31.1 million KWH of electricity consumed for domestic purposes in Otfa districts includes Yavatmal, Buldhana, Wardha, Nanded, Parbhani, Beed, Latur ai Jalna. Except Nanded all other districts are considered as lagging one. It means that majority electricity is consumed in big cities and metropolis areas of the state.

36 246a MAHARASHTRA STATE DISTRICTWISE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN DOMESTIC SECTOR A R A FIG. VII-6

37 241 B) Commercial use The electricity consumed in the commercial sector as shows districtwise wide variation. Mumbai is commercial centre of the state and the country. Commercia activities in the metropolitan consumed large quantity of electricity. The share of Mumbai commercial sector in the total electricity consumed ii commercial sector of the state is about percent. It shows significance o: commercial activities and their dominance in the capital. Thane, Pune, Nagpur Kolhapur, Nashik and Solapur are other important districts of the state also share maximum in the commercial activities of the state and hence in the consumption o: electricity in the state commercial sector of remaining all other districts are consumed Only 8.71 percent of the total electricity consumed in commercial sector of the state. I shows very imbalanced simation in the use of electricity in commercial sectors o: different districts. C$ e.e -ft. Yll-1 3. Q Industrial Use Electricity consumption in industry shows district dispensaries in the state Mumbai, Thane, Pune, Raigad, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli and Nagpur districts an major consumers of electricity for industrial purpose. Obviously these are the majoi industrial centres of the state. Mumbai, Thane, Pune, Raigad are having variety o: industrial activities. While in Gadchiroli and Chandrapur, Nagpur districts mines anc mineral based industrial activities are dominated. Result of these industria concentration is in consumption of electricity in these districts is more. The maximun

38 247a MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN COMMERCIAL SECTOR FIG. VII-7

39 24 share is of Mumbai percent It is followed by Thane 19,86 percent, then Pun percent then Raigad 7.29 percent Gadchiroli 5.89 percent and then 4.6 percent. It means that these 7 districts combine consumes percent electricity c the total electricity consumed by industrial sector of the state. C-s fijg - Kolhapur, Nashik, Aurangabad and Bhandara are the other four major districl consumes higher quantity of electricity in industrial sectors. In these districl electricity consumed varies from 418 million KWH to 589 Million KWH. These foi districts can be shares 12 percent electricity consumption in total industrial sector c the state. There are six districts includes as moderate consumers of electricity in th industrial sector fo the state. They includes Jalgaon, Ahmadnagar, Wardha, Ratnagir Sindhudurga and Solapur districts. Electricity consumptions in here districts varie from 252 Million KWH to 283 million KWH. Remaining districts of the state involved as low electricity consuming districl of the state. Beed district is at the bottom of the table. It consumes very less quantit of electricity during for individual activities. While Sangli is at the spot thi category. It means that electricity consumption in industrial factor varies district t district. Brihan Mumbai district in maximum consumer of electricity while others ai following the Mumbai conditions. Industrial concentration and operations ai responsible for such type of disparities in the electricity consumption in industry sector of different districts in the state.

40 248a MAHARASHTRA STATE DISTRICTWISE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR FIG. VII-8

41 249 D) Public Lighting It is an essential public amenities. Gram Panchayats, Corporations and Municipality like authorities are look after these (utilities) amenities, electricity is provision of street lights, lighting in park, godown, stadiums, Public utilities at different levels, amusement and recreational purposes. Csee ffj. VLL In this concern also large cities, metropolitans are using maximum electricity. Hence the share in consumption of electricity is maximum in Mumbai, Pune, Thane, Nashik, Kolhapur and Nagpur districts. These districts are consisting large cities and towns and hence the share is more with compare to toher districts of the state. These 8 districts continue consumes percent of the total electricity consumed in Public lighting sector to the state. It means that there is a wide gap between functioning of local govt bodies in different districts of the state. Some are functioning properly and made provisions of better public amenities in the district While some are not functioning properly and hence consuming less electricity. It is clearly reveals from the figures that, 24 other districts of file state combine consumes percent of the electricity of the total electricity consumed by Public lighting sector of the state. E) Agriculture Sector: Total electricity consumed in agricultural activities in is a million KWH. But it is not uniformly consumed in different districts. There is a disparity in the electricity consumption in agricultural sector in different districts of the state. This variation is mainly due to rural electrification. 'vil>3 T There are five districts Solapur, Nashik, Pune, Sangli, Satara consumes very large quantity of electricy in the agricutlrual secotr of the state. In District Solapur

42 249a MAHARASHTRA STATE DISTRICTWISE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR tt FIG. VII-9

43 251 electricity consumed in the(year is million KWH. Which is 9.6: percent of the total electricity consumed in the agricultural sector of the state. It i mainly because number of wells in this district are more. Wells is the major sources o irrigation to the agriculture. It is followed by Nashik, Pune, Sangli and Satara districl Irrigation are found in these districts. To lift the water from here sources electricity i essential. Hence the share of these districts in consumption of electricity is more b agricultural sector. These 5 districts combine consumes percent of the tota electricity of the agricultural sector of the state. There are five districts, Jalgaon, Parbhani, Aurangabad, Beed and Dhule alsi consumes more energy in agricultural sector. In these districts electricity consumed ii agricultural sector is varies from 447 million KWH to 552 million KWH in the yea It means that the dominance of agrarian economy and hence agriculture activities in the states. Rural electricification is mainly supported to agiruclutura activities. Thera are 12 districts belongs to moderate category of electricity consumptioi in the agricultural sector. These districts consumes 200 to 400 million KWH o electricity in agirieultural sector. C^ee -fisj. vtt- O- Districts of Konkan division and Bhatanda and Wardha districts consumes les electricity for agricultural sector. These districts are agriculturally lagging. Hence ii these districts less consumption electricity is for provision of irrigation and such othe reasons.

44 250a MAHARASHTRA STATE DISTRICTWISE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN PUBLIC LIGHTING SECTOR FIG. VII-10

45 25 F) Other Sector Consumption of electricity for different other reasons is also varied district t district in the state. It shows similar trend as like other sectors commerce industrie and public lighting. In this sector electricity consumption is million KWH ii Mumbai, Thane, Nagpur, Nashik, Pune, Jalgaon districts are consuming mor electricity for other reasons. They all are combine shares percent of the tota electricity consumed in this sector in the stated in Remaining all toher 24 districts are combine consumes only percent 1 means that the major share is again of such districts who are having large xyxy am cities. Cse^.. vn 11} Electricity in this sector is mainly used for public water supply schemes provisions of water in different public amenities and oilier water works. The total electricity consumption in different districts shows wide variations There are some districts sharing more while some are least in the electricit consumption in the state. On the basis of their shar districts can be categorized as hig] consumption of electricity, moderate, low and very low consumption of electricity.