Task 37 Work Programme and Green Gas

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1 IEA Bioenergy Task 37, 6 April 2017, Vlijmen, The Netherlands Task 37 Work Programme and Green Gas Prof Jerry D Murphy Task Leader International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy from Biogas, Director of MaREI (Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy), University College Cork, Ireland

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3 Member countries participating in Task 37 Australia Austria Brazil Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Korea Norway Sweden Switzerland The Netherlands United Kingdom Bernadette McCabe Bernard Drosg / Günther Bochmann Cícero Jayme Bley Teodorita Al-Seadi Saija Rasi Olivier Théobald / Guillaume Bastide Jan Liebertrau Jerry Murphy Ho Kang Tormod Briseid Mattias Svensson Urs Baier Mathieu Dumont Clare Lukehurst / Charles Banks

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5 Technical Reports Triennium Food waste digestion systems. 2. International approaches to sustainable anaerobic digestion 3. Grid injection and greening of the gas grid 4. The role of biogas in the circular economy 5. Validity of BMP results 6. Methane emissions 7. Biomethane as a transport fuel 8. Sustainable Bioenergy Chains (Collaboration with Task 40)

6 Case Studies

7 Green Gas 6 European gas grids have committed to 100% green gas in the gas grid by 2050

8 TRL 3,4 TRL 7-9 Initiation of Industry Green Gas from residues, slurries and grass TRL 4,5 TRL 6

9 Grass to transport fuel IEA Bioenergy Task 37 harvest weigh bridge silage storage Biogas service station Source: energiewerkstatt, IEA and personal photos Scrubbing & storage anaerobic digester macerator

10 Co-digestion of grass and slurry

11 Biomethane Potential Assays Grass %VS Slurry %VS Cellulose

12 L CH 4 kg -1 VS L CH 4 kg -1 VS IEA Bioenergy Task SMY decreases as slurry input increases Days Days Cellulose 0:100 G:S 100:0 G:S 80:20 G:S 60:40 G:S 50:50 G:S 40:60 G:S 20:80 G:S 107 m 3 CH 4 t -1 Grass Silage v. 16 m 3 CH 4 t -1 Dairy Slurry

13 1.1 % Grassland in Ireland 170 digesters treating 10,000 t a -1 of grass and 40,000 t a -1 of dairy slurry Scale of Grass Biogas industry

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15 Higher Grass Silage Input IEA Bioenergy Task 37 Continuous digestion of grass and slurry R1 R2 R3 R4 + R5 & R6 Higher Dairy Slurry Input Grass %VS Slurry %VS R R R R R R

16 L CH 4 KG -1 VS L CH 4 KG -1 VS L CH 4 KG -1 VS L CH 4 KG -1 VS IEA Bioenergy Task OLR = 2.0 kg VS m -3 d REACTOR NO OLR = 2.5 kg VS m -3 d REACTOR NO OLR = 3.0 kg VS m -3 d REACTOR NO OLR = 3.5 kg VS m -3 d REACTOR NO. Increased gas production with increased grass

17 12% decrease in SMY 3.5 OLR HRT 21 days Reduction in yield of mono-digestion at high OLR

18 Trace element analysis IEA Bioenergy Task 37

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20 Demand Driven Biogas IEA Bioenergy Task 37

21 TRL 3,4 TRL 7-9 TRL 4,5 TRL 6 Second stage of Industry Green Gas from gasification of woody crops

22 Gothenburg Biomass Gasification Project (GoBiGas)

23 Thermal production of Biomethane CO + 3H 2 = CH 4 + H 2 O CO H 2 = CH 4 + 2H 2 O 2CO + 2H 2 = CH 4 + CO 2 Gas upgrading Removal of CO2 Typically ca. 65% energy efficiency

24 Plant Size MW 50 Land area (ha) 6800 Number of plants required 11 As a % Energy in Transport 5.5% As a % of agricultural land 1.7% Compare with 170 digesters

25 TRL 3,4 TRL 7-9 Third stage of Industry Green Gas from seaweed TRL 4,5 TRL 6

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28 Seasonal Variation in composition of Laminaria Digitata

29 Seasonal Variation in biomethane yield from Laminaria Digitata

30 Seasonal Variation in A. nodosum

31 Cultivating Seaweed IEA Bioenergy Task 37 Position adjacent to fish farms, protect fish from jelly fish Increased yields of seaweed as compared to pristine waters Clean water of excess nutrients Harvest when yield is highest 31

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33 Long term co-digestion of seaweed with dairy slurry

34 Higher methane yields after ensiling can compensate for silage fermentation losses. No losses in methane yield occurred during 90 day storage for 4 of 5 species.

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40 Fourth stage of Industry Green Gas from electricity TRL 3,4 TRL 7-9 TRL 4,5 TRL 6

41 Curtailment and storage of variable renewable electricity Wind capacity as a proportion of minimum demand in summer

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43 BIOENERGY IEA Bioenergy Task 37

44 Gaseous biofuel from non-biological origin H 2 : energy Density 12.1 MJ/m n3 : CH 4 : Energy density 37.6 MJ/m 3 n Sabatier Equation: 4H 2 + CO 2 = CH 4 + 2H 2 O Source of CO2 from biogas: Mix biogas (50% CH4 and 50% CO2) with H2; generate double the CH4 (1 mol CO2 generates 1 mol CH4).

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