Progress Update and Discussion of Technical Memorandum 5b Draft Executive Summary Environmental and Community Impacts of Goods Movement.

Transcription

1 Progress Update and Discussion of Technical Memorandum 5b Draft Executive Summary Environmental and Community Impacts of Goods Movement May 24, 2006

2 MCGMAP Overview Develop a: Goods Movement Action Plan M A X I M I Z E S Mitigation of community and environmental impacts Efficiency and productivity of goods movement throughout the study area Solutions will address all modes Will include capital and non-capital options

3 MCGMAP Study Area

4 Task # 11 Task Description Project Management / Administration 22 Outreach Assistance 33 Compile and Collect Goods Movement Data 44 Assess Growth in Freight Demand 55 Community, Environmental, & Economic Impacts 66 Strategies for Improving Goods Movement 77 Mitigating the Effect of Goods Movement 88 Multi-County Goods Movement Action Plan

5 Task 2 Outreach Assistance First round of surveys completed Targeted stakeholder audience 120 surveys received to date Validates many of the issues to be discussed today Another survey later in the study to focus upon solutions and strategies

6 Task 3 Existing Conditions and Constraints Status Update Overview of Comments Received Comments from: Caltrans, Gateway COG, LADOT, LAWA, RCTC, SCAG, Port of Los Angeles, Port of Long Beach, Metrolink, Metro, SANBAG, USC Keck School of Medicine, March 22 nd SAG Meeting attendees.

7 Today s s Focus 11 Project Management / Administration 22 Outreach Assistance 33 Compile and Collect Goods Movement Data 44 Assess Growth in Freight Demand Community, Environmental, & Economic Impacts Focus on environmental and community impacts Describes Strategies environmental for Improving impacts Goods associated Movement with GM Framework for developing mitigation measures Mitigating the Effect of Goods Movement 88 Multi County Goods Movement Action Plan

8 OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION Regulatory Background Impacts Quality of Life Environmental Justice Traffic Congestion Health Air Quality Visual Noise & Vibration Water Quality & Wetlands HAZMAT Safety Other

9 REGULATORY BACKGROUND 30+ Agencies Clean Air Act(s) Clean Water Act(s) Noise Control Act Primary Focus -- Reduction of Air Pollutants Cleaner fuels Operational changes Technological improvements Recent Developments New EPA PM2.5 area designations EPA amended NOx standards for aircraft engines BTH/CalEPA Goods Movement Action Plan ARB rulemaking re: use of auxiliary diesel engines on ships within 24 nautical miles of coast

10 Quality of Life Traffic Congestion Land use compatibility & changes Air quality & health impacts Visual impacts Noise impacts Environmental Justice Disproportionate impacts Low income and minority populations Ex: 55% Hispanic - population group (n) in childhood asthma study relating to the link in heavily traveled corridors and the risk of asthma. 1 1 McConnell, Rob et al. Traffic, Susceptibility, and Childhood Asthma. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 114, Number 5, May Viewable at

11 Traffic Congestion Diversion into neighborhoods Remove 30 trucks per hour (road-to-rail diversion), gain 10% lane capacity 1 1 Reebie Associates, et al. Draft Rail Freight Solutions to Roadway Congestion Interim Report on Transportation Trends, Road-to-Rail Diversion and Model Elements for Decision-Making. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board. April 2004.

12 Study Area Air Basins & Districts

13 2005 Estimated Annual Average Emissions in South Coast Air Basin 100% % of Total Source Emissions 80% 60% 40% 20% Other Sources Ships & Comm'l Boats Trains Aircraft Trucks 0% NOx SOx PM10 PM2.5 CO Pollutant Final 2003 Air Quality Management Plan South Coast Air Quality Management District.

14 Diesel PM Statewide 2001 Emissions from Ports and Goods Movement Trains 8% TRU 4% Ships 14% Harbor Craft 7% Cargo Handling Equipment 1% Trucks 66% Proposed Emission Reduction Plan for Ports and Goods Movement in California. California EPA and California Air Resources Board. March 21, 2006.

15 NOx Ozone Connection Ozone (O 3 ) Not directly emitted as pollutant Requires NOx precursor emissions 1 Affects health Aggravated asthma Lung tissue inflammation Children and elderly most susceptible 15 to 20% temporary decrease in lung capacity in some healthy adults 2 Affects vegetation, buildings, rubber and some plastics Increases plant & tree vulnerability to disease, pests, and harsh weather Crop yield loss 3 1 Other precursor emissions affect ozone; however, Goods Movement-related diesel emissions are not significant sources of these other precursors. 2 Health and Environmental Effects of Ground-Level Ozone Fact Sheet. US EPA Office of Air and Radiation. July 17, Heagle, S. and M. Munster. Effects of Ozone Air Pollution on Plants. United States Department of Agriculture

16 Diesel Emissions & Ultrafine Particulate Matter (PM) Average 0.02 micrometers (um) Goods Movement, Traffic, and Health: Research Connections. November Presentation by Ed Avol. Viewable at

17 Diesel Emission Ultrafine PM Toxic Air Contaminants (TAC) Connection TAC An air pollutant which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious illness, or which may pose a present or potential hazard to human health. - California Health and Safety Code section 39655

18 Estimated Risk of Cancer from Air Toxics: All Emission Sources Cancers per million Source: SCAQMD, Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study II, March 2000

19 Estimated Risk of Cancer from Airborne Toxics: Excluding Diesel Cancers per million Source: SCAQMD, Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study II, March 2000

20 KECK SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF USC Diesel PM Increased incidences of: Asthma Preterm and low birth rate babies Cardiac birth defects Thickening of arterial walls Oropharyngeal (mouth and throat) cancer Slowed lung development Goods Movement, Traffic, and Health: Research Connections. November Presentation by Ed Avol. Viewable at

21 GOODS MOVEMENT & SCHOOLS Wilson, Janet. A Trade Boom s Unintended Costs. Los Angeles Times. April 23, 2006

22 Visual Impacts Negative aesthetics Container stacking Trucks in residential neighborhoods Shadowing Lighting spillover

23 Noise & Vibration During transport Goods movement facilities Nighttime noise more noticeable Final Environmental Impact Statement Interim Final Rule for the Use of Locomotive Horns at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Federal Railroad Administration, December 5, 2003.

24 1 Locomotive Horns Trains from 50-foot distance Horn = ~90 dba 4.6 million people severely impacted nationwide 2 1 Horn Noise Questions and Answers. Federal Railroad Administration Website URL: Last Updated: Aug. 29, Final Environmental Impact Statement Interim Final Rule for the Use of Locomotive Horns at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings. Federal Railroad Administration December

25 LAX Community Benefit Agreement Soundproof schools - $500M Soundproof homes - $30M Retrofit diesel airport vehicles Local airport-related related job training - $15M Wood, Daniel B. In Los Angeles, A Unique Plan to Dull the Roar of Jets Christian Science Monitor. December 21, 2004

26 Water Quality & Wetlands Seaports & Toxic Contaminants Storm water run-off Dredged sediment 5 10% of dredged sediment nationwide is contaminated with toxic chemicals 1 Diesel fuel exhaust & other pollutants Hypoxia Eutrophication Airports Airport expansion can displace wetlands Existing wetlands adjacent to airports protected from off-airport encroachment 1 Interim Environmental Review of the United States-Thailand FTA. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. November 2005.

27 HAZMAT Movements Transport & transfer Fueling operations & storage HAZMAT warehousing Safety Impacts Conflicts on shared corridors Conflicts with intersecting modes

28 Other Environmental Impacts Endangered species & habitats Watersheds & drainage Cultural resources Open space

29 Conclusions Broad Trends and Shifts: Diesel-Electric Engines Industry efforts Focus on technology: Engines Fuel LNG Intermodal Yard Hostler

30 Broad Trends and Shifts: Conclusions 40 Diesel PM Projected Emissions* (Statewide) Predicted Effects of Engine/Fuel Technology on Total Emissions (National I-10 I Freight Corridor) Tons per Day Ships Increase Harbor Craft Cargo Handling Equipment Trucks Decrease TRU Rail Source Category Source Catgory Category Source: Proposed Emission Reduction Plan for Ports and Goods Movement in California, CalEPA and ARB, March 21, *Due to air quality regulations adopted through October VOC cut by 49% CO cut by 44% NOX cut by 70% PM cut by 13% Base case Sources: National I-10 Freight Corridor Study using EMVAC 2001, CA Air Resources Board MOBILE6.2, EPA

31 Conclusions Private Sector Investments Are Essential Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel cost 5 to 13 per gallon plus 1% to 4% decrease in fuel economy Estimated $4,600 annual operating cost increase 2007 Heavy Duty Diesel Engine $5,000-$10,000 per vehicle California Retrofits $20,000 Over 40,000 trucks owned in California 96% of Trucking companies are small businesses

32 Conclusions Off Road Investments and Operational Improvements Investments Technology Idle reduction and Consist Management Leader Train Handling (8% fuel reduction) Equipment Replacement Green Goats Operational Changes SmartWay Intermodal commitment Pacing and Engine shut down policies Engineer incentives for fuel savings Use of distributive power New management target measures Environmental Action Plans

33 Cold Ironing Investments Vessel Operators $800,000 - $1,200,000 per new vessel (source: PMSA) $1,000,000 - $2,000,000 to retrofit existing vessel (source: PMSA) 1,570 vessels call SPB 4 times per year or more (Source: Environ) Port Costs $500,000-$3,000,000 (Source: Long Beach Press April 4, 2004) Labor Costs $5,000 per event (Source: CAVOTEC) Conclusions

34 Conclusions Broad Trends and Shifts: Reduction control measures in place Land use impacts/conflicts Future effect on emissions budgets standards attainment will be evaluated in Technical Memo 7. Challenge is Greatest payback on investment Maximize mitigation of impacts Maximize economic benefits Lack of of $ for mitigation strategies

35 Ongoing Steps

36 Task 4 Growth in Freight Demand SCENARIOS FOR STRATEGY EVALUATION Scenario 1: High Growth - Current Investment Levels Purpose: Measure impact of continued trade growth without the requisite landside transportation investments. Trade/Economics: Trade & economic sectors continue growth. Infrastructure: Assumes SCAG 2004 RTP Baseline, $ billion 1 committed regional expenses; including $6.53 billion 1 in STIP Regional and Interregional revenue. 1 Constant 2002 dollars, SCAG 2004 Regional Transportation Plan. Note: There has been a significant increase in infrastructure costs since 2002.

37 Task 4 Growth in Freight Demand SCENARIOS FOR STRATEGY EVALUATION Scenario 2: Low Growth Current Investment Levels Purpose: Measure impact of lower than expected trade growth without the requisite landside transportation investments. Trade/Economics: Preserve system performance. Trade volume is much lower than forecast. Infrastructure: Assumes SCAG 2004 RTP Baseline, $ billion 1 committed regional expenses; including $6.53 billion 1 in STIP Regional and Interregional revenue. 1 Constant 2002 dollars, SCAG 2004 Regional Transportation Plan. Note: There has been a significant increase in infrastructure costs since 2002.

38 Task 4 Growth in Freight Demand SCENARIOS FOR STRATEGY EVALUATION Scenario 3: Moderate Growth - Current Investment Levels Purpose: Measure impact of lower than expected trade growth without the requisite landside transportation investments. Trade/Economics: Anti-trade sentiment, diversion to other ports and/or economic downturns may occur. Infrastructure: Assumes SCAG 2004 RTP Baseline, $ billion 1 committed regional expenses; including $6.53 billion 1 in STIP Regional and Interregional revenue. 1 Constant 2002 dollars, SCAG 2004 Regional Transportation Plan. Note: There has been a significant increase in infrastructure costs since 2002.

39 Task 4 Growth in Freight Demand SCENARIOS FOR STRATEGY EVALUATION Scenario 4: High Growth - Full Investment Levels Purpose: Measure impact of investing in goods movement system & environmental mitigation to accommodate full trade. Trade/Economics: Trade & economic sectors continue growth. Infrastructure: Assumes SCAG 2004 RTP Plan supplemented with private investment sources and fees.

40 Questions & Answers (Facilitated by OCTA) More Information: