Monitoring in practice

Transcription

1 Monitoring in practice Monitoring activities of environmental authorities of North Rhine-Westfalia (NRW) Executed by the LANUV NRW (State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection) ( Workshop : New approach of emission reduction measures for emerging compounds in wastewater Düsseldorf

2 Monitoring activities in NRW I. Immission monitoring (biological and chemical) according to WFD and IKSR Surveillance monitoring (> 40 monitoring stations) Operational & investigative monitoring II. Early warning (Alert) monitoring (River Rhine and tributaries) Screening and quantitative data III. Wastewater monitoring Physico-chemical parameters, sum parameters, toxicity tests

3 Immission monitoring according to WFD and IKSR Routine measurement of organic micropollutants at more than 40 surveillance measurement stations & Operative monitoring at known hot spots

4 Immission monitoring according to WFD and IKSR Example : Chemical Trend Monitoring (WFD) at the River Rhine and major tributaries Sampling : 13 up to 26 x /a Parameters per Station : up to Organic micropollutants : up to 350 Assessment of pollution status and trend

5 Water quality monitoring in NRW (WFD) Organic micropollutants (Target analysis ) in water (n) in suspended matter (n) Herbicides 82 Organic phosphoric compounds 29 PCB + Chlorobenzene 26 High-volatile compounds 30 Chlorinated pesticides 25 Low-volatile compounds 15 PAH 13 Aniline 16 Phthalate 11 Alkyl phenols 2 Organic tin compounds 8 Pharmaceuticals (human) 32 PBDE 8 Diagnostical contrast agents 4 Alkyl phenols PFC 10 Dioxins / Furans/ copl. PCB 30 Organic tin compounds 8 Musk xylols

6 Ruhr catchment area Assessment of pollution with pharmaceuticals, contrast agents and PFC Coloured: mean concentrations > 0,1 µg/l River Year Diclofenac Solatol Iopamidol 10 PFC pharmaceutical pharmaceutical contrast agent mean µg/l max µg/l mean µg/l max µg/l mean µg/l max µg/l mean µg/l max µg/l Möhne ,21 0, ,17 0,20 Lenne ,05 0,08 0,05 0,07 0,69 1,90 0,07 0, ,10 0,16 0,03 0,05 0,28 0,59 0,03 0,06 Volme ,15 0,36 0,16 0,32 0,34 1,30 0,04 0, ,15 0,24 0,06 0,16 0,11 0,22 0,04 0,14 RUHR - Fröndenberg ,07 0,16 0,06 0,11 0,32 0,57 0,10 0, ,09 0,18 0,06 0,10 0,35 0,94 0,06 0,12 - Mülheim ,09 0,20 0,11 0,17 0,41 0,69 0,11 0, ,11 0,35 0,07 0,14 0,50 1,00 0,06 0,14

7 Verification of possibly existing new problems: First survey of Benzotriazole compounds in NRW done by LANUV-laboratory *) Feb/Mar 2011 WFD surveillance monitoring stations Stations Benzotriazole µg/l 4-Methyl + 5-Methyl- Benzotriazole µg/l Rhine 3 0,5-0,6 0,6-0,8 Other rivers 20 0,1-2,3 0,1-1,8 Emscher 1 8,0 30,0 Municipal sewage treatment plants 16 1,6-33,0 3,1 12,0 *) Thanks to the team of Mr. Reupert!

8 Early warning (Alert) monitoring Every day!! Focus : Organic micropollutants Sampling and analysis Target Analysis GC-MS-Screening bibliography daily, up to 2000 samples per year and station 49 substances by GC-MS and 16 substances by HPLC-MS at Bimmen, Lobith and Wesel/Lippe Identification of unknown peaks by Nist Online-Biological effect monitoring (Daphnia) at 3 stations

9 Early warning monitoring/wfd stations in NRW IMBL Bimmen/Lobith D-Flehe/Stürzelberg WFD Surveillance Laboratory station Rhine Measuring station Rhine Measuring station tributary Additional sampling station Honnef/Godesberg

10 IS (Internal?? standard) Platzhalter Grafik? (Bild/Foto) IS IS IS Example: unknown substance in the Ruhr Chromatogramm Massenspektrum

11 IS!!! IS IS Standard Nist-Bibliography identification: Sulfolan (CAS-Nr ) (Tetrahydrothiophen-1,1-dioxid) significant signals NIST Identification with GC-MS (probab. 96 %)

12 Screening techniques unfortunately routinely only established for GC/MS detectable substances

13 Effluent monitoring (routine) Waste water ordinance (compliance testing)) Minimum requirements for 57 source sectors (domestic and industrial) - Physico-chemical parameters (considered to be relevant for respective sector) - Toxicity testing WFD - Priority substances, e.g. for reporting purposes (inventory and load)

14 Effluent monitoring (special) Emerging organic micropollutants mostly not covered by sector related emission standards Additionally screening analysis with GC-MS (overview of organic micropollutants) Special monitoring programmes - Screening of effluents in NRW for new parameters - (e.g. umu-test, PFT, Sulfolan, Benzotriazole) - Updating minimum requirements (e.g. CP treatment plants, pulp and paper) - projects on verification of elimination techniques e.g. Bayer, pharmaceuticals - Waldbröl) Parameters depending on objective

15 Example: toxicity (effect) monitoring of an effluent in routine Chemical plant ( ) G = Lowest Ineffective Dilution Gx GA GL GD GEi

16 Algal Toxicity caused by NN-Dimethylaminopyridin (non-regulated substance) µg/l Dimethylaminopyridin 5000 PN-Datum GA Algal toxicity (LID) DMAP

17 Toxicity monitoring of effluents (subacute level) Wupper Genotoxicity (umu-test) at river Wupper and Bayer Elberfeld from (source: antibiotica production) Immission Effluent Emission

18 A look into the future: What has to be done? Evaluation and standardisation of bioassays on subacute toxicity (e.g. endocrine disruptors, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity ) Effect dirigated analysis helps prioritising (expensive) analytical efforts? Defining of upgraded relevance criteria What are indicators of relevance of newly identified substances? purpose : limits based on precautionary principle for the drinking water hygiene

19 The role of environmental authorithies The LANUV NRW has long-term experience and knowledge of the status and the development of surface and ground waters in NRW. (up to implemetation of new findings in legal regulations) has experience in development, evaluation and installation of improved analytical methods for routine purpose (is represented in national and international organisations, e.g. DIN, ISO) can quarantee a cost effectivly combination of information and analytical data from routine monitoring with new information with its experience in R & D programmes is an active partner of the Ministry of the Environment (MKULNV NRW).

20 Let s find together emerging micropollutants we will attend to them! Thank you for your attention!