Handout Serious Game Urban Management. Municipality of Examplia

Transcription

1 Handout Serious Game Urban Management Municipality of Examplia 1. General The overall goal of the municipal government is to improve the overall quality of life in the city of Examplia in a sustainable way. There is a demand for new (social) housing in Examplia and to meet this demand the municipality is looking for co-operation with the local Housing corporation HomeSweetHome. The municipal government also wants to work together with energy and water companies in order to make optimum use of local resources and available space. The city has asked the water company Watera to investigate the quantity and quality of strategic groundwater resources. The municipality hopes to stimulate innovative plans for sustainable use of space both in terms of land development as well as underground planning. The city of Examplia reserved a budget of 2.5 million euros to (co-)finance sustainable developments. 2. Objectives The goals of the municipality have been translated into different indicators: People: The municipality aims for a maximum score for quality of life in the city (100%). Planet: The municipality aims for a maximum score for sustainability in the city (100%). Housing: The municipality wants to realize Housing Units (100%). Energy and water: The municipality wants to ensure sufficient provision of energy and water (100%). A successful score co-operation with external partners is needed to implement different urban projects. 3. Possible measures by the municipality In order to influence urban development the municipal government of Examplia can take the following measures: Determining or changing land use plans. Developing guidelines and policies for dealing with archaeological discoveries. Developing guidelines and policies for dealing with soil contamination. Developing parks and subway stations to improve sustainability and quality of life in the city. Developing commercial areas (shopping/business districts) to generate investment funds through land development. 4. Effects of measures Measures that will be taken by the different stakeholders have an impact on the development of the city. The effects will be shown through scores on People, Planet, Energy, Water and Housing. Each stakeholder will also see the impact of the chosen measures on his or her own budget/profit.

2 5. Development Layers During the game, measures can be taken for different soil layers within the available plots. Certain measures can influence other measures in the same plot. There are also measures that can only take effect if they are combined with measures by other players or in other soil layers. During the game the following soil layers will be taken into consideration: Layer 1: Above ground Soil layer 1: The space on and above ground level This layer considers land development on and above ground level. Developments can take place within the zoning regulations of the plot. These developments can be for example: real estate development, parks, roads, parking, energy plants, etc. Layer 2: Topsoil Soil layer 2: The topsoil (0 to 5 m. below ground level) This layer concerns developments up to 5 meters below the surface. This layer can be used for cables and pipelines. The shallow surface can also contain tree roots. Layer 3: Civil construction layer Layer 4: Aquifer zone Layer 5: Deep subsurface Soil layer 3: The civil construction layer (5 to 50 m. below ground level) This layer describes the layer between 5 and 50 meters below ground level. This layer contains most of the foundations for real estate development but can also contain other civil engineering works like underground parking, subway tunnels and stations. Soil layer 4: The aquifer zone (50 to 500 m. below ground level) This layer contains the groundwater aquifer 50 to 500 meters below the ground. An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a waterwell. This layer also partly determines the stability and carrying power (natural foundation) of the surface. Soil layer 5: The deep subsurface (500 to 2500 m. below ground level) This layer is the deepest layer for underground development. This layer can contain mineral resources and fossil fuels.

3 6. Overview and Properties Map The map shows the overall layout of the city of Examplia and the different possible development plots. In total 12 plots of approximately 100 m 2 are eligible for developments and measures for the different players in the game. In the table below the current situation of the plots is described: Zoning Existing Plot plan Owner buildings Topsoil Civil Constructions 1 Industry Watera Water company Office Cables and Pipelines Foundations 2 Green Area 3 Housing 4 Green Area Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Municipality of Examplia 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations City park Roots Archaeological find 5 Industry Watera Water company Industry Cables and Pipelines Pollution 6 Industry Noxxo Energy company Industry Cables and Pipelines Pollution 7 Leisure 8 Green Area 9 Housing 10 Housing 11 Industry Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Municipality of Examplia Archaeological find 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations Aquifer zone Textile Factory Cables and Pipelines Pollution Pollution 12 Industry Noxxo Energy company Pollution

4 7. Soil Composition Map The municipality has examined the soil composition of the city and presented the soil composition map to the public. This information is useful for the municipality and its partners to be able to determine which kind of foundations are necessary to develop real estate projects. Sand Soil. This soil has a high natural foundational capacity. For real estate developments cheaper foundation methods can be applied. Clay Soil. This soil has a low natural foundational capacity. For real estate developments strong foundations are needed.

5 8. List of measures Municipality of Examplia 8.1 Possible measures above ground level City Park Developing a city park improves the quality of life by adding green to the city. Besides this, the city park offers recreational space for the inhabitants and visitors of the city. Costs: ,- People: +7% Planet: +6% Natural Area Developing a small forest or natural area adds green to the city and provides space for nature development. Costs: ,- People: +5% Planet: +9% City Agriculture City agriculture allows inhabitants to grow fruit and vegetables in the city. It stimulates social cohesion and brings the city dwellers closer to nature. Costs: ,- People: +6% Planet: +8% City Playgrounds A city playground is a popular hangout for children and improves the attractiveness of a neighbourhood, especially for families. Costs: ,- People: +7% Planet: +2% Sports and Activities Area A sports or activities area is a popular hangout for teenagers and improves the attractiveness of a neighbourhood. These types of playground have minimal or no green in comparison to playgrounds, parks or natural areas. Costs: ,- People: +7% Planet: -2%

6 Small Shopping Centre A shopping centre attracts visitors to the area and provides for jobs and business activities. Revenue: ,- People: +5% Planet: -1% 80 MWh per year Water use: m 3 per year Large, Exclusive Shopping Centre Sustainable Shopping Centre A large, exclusive shopping centre attracts lots of people and provides jobs and business activities. The shopping centre offers a large revenue and therefore high land value. Because of the size of the building and the number of visitors it has a bigger (negative) effect on the environment (Planet). Sustainable shopping centres use less energy and water. Building materials used are also more sustainable. Because of the height of the building costs the profits and land value of the development are lower in comparison to regular shopping centres. Revenue: ,- People: +7% Planet: -5% 120 MWh per year Water use: m 3 per year Revenue: ,- People: +5% Planet: +1% 40 MWh per year Water use: 600 m 3 per year 8.2 Possible measures in the topsoil (0 to 5 m. below ground level) Space for Nature To be able to develop a park, forests or city agriculture, space for natural development is needed in the topsoil. This means that there is no room for cables and pipelines or other constructions in this soil layer within the plot. Costs: ,- Planet: +2% 8.3 Possible measures in the civil construction layer (5 to 50 m. below ground level) Underground Subway Station Improved accessibility through a subway station and connection is highly appreciated by inhabitants. The costs of construction are huge. This subway station can also be used as a strong foundation for new real estate developments above ground level. Costs: ,- People: +18% Planet: -2% 15 MWh per year Water use: 600 m 3 per year

7 Underground Shopping Centre A shopping centre attracts visitors to the area and provides for jobs and business activities. This shopping center can also be used as strong foundation for new real estate developments above ground level. Revenue: ,- People: +5% Planet: -2% 80 MWh per year Water use: m 3 per year Sustainable Underground Shopping Centre Sustainable shopping centres use less energy and water. Building materials used are also more sustainable. This shopping centre can also be used as strong foundation for new real estate developments above ground level. Revenue: ,- People: +5% Planet: +1% 50 MWh per year Water use: 900 m 3 per year Strong foundation Strong foundations are needed for developing real estate on clay ground. Costs: ,- Minimal foundation Minimal foundation can be used to build real estate on top of sand soil. This type of foundation is cheaper than strong foundation. Costs: ,- Piped strong foundation Piped strong foundation contains pipe sleeves to allow for pipelines up to 50 metres below ground level. Costs: ,- Piped minimal foundation Piped minimal foundation contains pipe sleeves to allow for pipelines up to 50 metres below ground level. Costs: ,-

8 9. Archaeological find The municipality can deal with archaeological finds in different ways. By law the municipality has to deal with archaeological finds below ground level. When making spatial plans the archaeological finds have to be taken into consideration. When changing a spatial or destination plan for a location, the archaeological values have to be incorporated into the plan including measures to be taken concerning these values. 9.1 Possible measures for archaeological finds in the civil construction layer Preservation The municipality can preserve the archaeological find below ground level. The find will be preserved but cannot be displayed. There are no costs and chances of damage to the archaeological find are minimal. No Costs Removal The municipality can remove the archaeological find and thus destroy the object. In general this measure is not very desirable because the find will be lost. Costs: ,- People: -15% Excavation The archaeological find can be excavated and used for other purposes or can be displayed. Costs: ,- People: +5% Incorporation The archaeological find can also be incorporated into the new real estate development, thus allowing for the archaeological find to be displayed and at the same time allowing for new development. This requires higher costs and creativity, but local residents will support the development. Costs: ,- People: +8%

9 10. Soil contamination The municipality has several options when dealing with soil contamination. Pollution found in Examplia consists primarily of Fluid OrganoChlorid Substances that have been used as dissolvent or degreaser. In comparison to other types of soil contamination these substances are relatively toxic, are slowly biodegradable and can easily spread. The solid soil contamination in the topsoil area (0 to 5 meters below ground level) can be more easily removed or contained than contamination in deeper soil layers Possible measures for soil contamination in the civil construction layer Sanitation By digging the contaminated soil can be removed. This is a very expensive operation, but it completely cleans the ground. Costs: ,- People: +5% Planet: +10% Containment through foundation The soil contamination can be contained by sealing the layer with covers and adding foundation to allow for real estate development on top of the contamination. Costs: ,- People: +2% 10.2 Possible measures for soil contamination in the aquifer zone Sanitation Groundwater protection To decontaminate the soil this deep, a lot of soil needs to be replaced. This is a very costly operation which also has the risk of evaporation of the fluid organochlorid substances, causing negative effects on the atmosphere, risk of exposure and emission of odor. In-situ decomposition technique can be used to stimulate the biodegrading of fluid organochlorid substances. Possibilities are: natural degradation techniques, biorestauration, chemical oxidation and chemical reduction with iron. Costs: ,- People: +5% Planet: +10% Costs: ,- People: +2% Planet: +3% Protection with closed thermal energy storage Thermal energy storage methods can be used to purify soil by storage and extraction of hot or cold water below ground level. The closed system contains the contamination within the area. This technology is still experimental. Costs: ,- People: +3% Planet: +1% Energy supply: 450 MWh per year

10 Handout Serious Game Urban Underground Planning for Real Estate, Energy and Water Housing corporation HomeSweetHome 1. General Because of the need for housing in the city of Examplia the Housing corporation HomeSweetHome is looking for new properties to develop. At the moment the housing corporation owns 450 dwellings in the development area of Examplia. These dwellings are in bad condition and need to be renovated or replaced. The housing corporation has the intention to improve the attractiveness of the neighbourhoods by adding high quality housing and public facilities like f.e. playgrounds. The housing corporation has 2.5 million euros available to invest in their developments. They can also develop parking lots, to generate extra income through parking fees. The housing corporation has been asked by the municipality to co-invest in a new subway station to improve the attractiveness of the city. 2. Objectives The goals of the housing corporation have been translated into different indicators: Dwellings: You currently have 450 dwellings and you want to create a total of dwellings. People: You want to reach a 100% score on quality of life in the city. Planet: Secondary to the before mentioned goals is a 100% score on sustainability. In order to achieve a successful score co-operation with external partners it is necessary to implement different urban projects. 3. Possible measures by the housing corporation In order to influence the performance of the housing corporation the following measures can be taken: Selling, renovating or demolishing existing property Building new dwellings to increase the score for housing production. Building public facilities like playgrounds to increase quality of life in the city. Building parking areas to generate income. 4. Effects of measures Measures that will be taken by the different stakeholders have an impact on the development of the city. The effects will be shown through scores on People, Planet, Energy, Water and Housing. Each stakeholder will also see the impact of the chosen measures on his or her own budget/profit.

11 5. Development Layers During the game measures can be taken for different soil layers within the available plots. Certain measures can influence other measures in the same plot. There are also measures that can only take effect if they are combined with measures by other players or in other soil layers. During the game the following soil layers will be taken into consideration: Layer 1: Above ground Soil layer 1: The space on and above ground level This layer considers land development on and above ground level. Developments can take place within the zoning regulations of the plot. These developments can be for example: real estate development, parks, roads, parking, energy plants, etc. Layer 2: Topsoil Soil layer 2: The topsoil (0 to 5 m. below ground level) This layer concerns developments up to 5 meters below the surface. This layer can be used for cables and pipelines. The shallow surface can also contain tree roots. Layer 3: Civil construction layer Layer 4: Aquifer zone Layer 5: Deep subsurface Soil layer 3: The civil construction layer (5 to 50 m. below ground level) This layer describes the layer between 5 and 50 meters below ground level. This layer contains most of the foundations for real estate development but can also contain other civil engineering works like underground parking, subway tunnels and stations. Soil layer 4: The aquifer zone (50 to 500 m. below ground level) This layer contains the groundwater aquifer 50 to 500 meters below the ground. An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a waterwell. This layer also partly determines the stability and carrying power (natural foundation) of the surface. Soil layer 5: The deep subsurface (500 to 2500 m. below ground level) This layer is the deepest layer for underground development. This layer can contain mineral resources and fossil fuels.

12 6. Overview and Properties Map The map shows the overall layout of the city of Examplia and the different possible development plots. In total 12 plots of approximately 100 m 2 are eligible for developments and measures for the different players in the game. In the table below the current situation of the plots is described: Zoning Existing Plot plan Owner buildings Topsoil Civil Constructions 1 Industry Watera Water company Office Cables and Pipelines Foundations 2 Green Area 3 Housing 4 Green Area Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Municipality of Examplia 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations City park Roots Archaeological find 5 Industry Watera Water company Industry Cables and Pipelines Pollution 6 Industry Noxxo Energy company Industry Cables and Pipelines Pollution 7 Leisure 8 Green Area 9 Housing 10 Housing 11 Industry Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Municipality of Examplia Archaeological find 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations Aquifer zone Textile Factory Cables and Pipelines Pollution Pollution 12 Industry Noxxo Energy company Pollution

13 7. Soil Composition Map The municipality has examined the soil composition of the city and presented the soil composition map to the public. This information is useful for the municipality and its partners to be able to determine which kind of foundations are necessary to develop real estate projects. Sand Soil. This soil has a high natural foundational capacity. For real estate developments cheaper foundation methods can be applied. Clay Soil. This soil has a low natural foundational capacity. For real estate developments strong foundations are needed.

14 8. List of measures Housing corporation HomeSweetHome 8.1 Possible measures above ground level 300 Standard Apartments Standard apartments are perfect to realize a high production level at low investment cost. Costs: ,- People: +3% Planet: -2% 750 MWh per year Water use: m3 per year 150 Luxurious Dwellings These luxurious dwellings are very popular among inhabitants. However, because of the low density fewer dwellings can be produced in comparison with apartments. Costs: ,- People: +5% Planet: -2% 375 MWh per year Water use: m3 per year 300 Sustainable Apartments Sustainable apartments provide for housing without negative effects on the environment. The use of solar panels and sustainable water systems reduces energy cost and water use. Costs: ,- People: +4% Planet: +3% 500 MWh per year Water use: m3 per year 150 Luxurious Sustainable Dwellings These luxurious sustainable dwellings are in high demand. They use less energy and water in comparison to standard dwellings. The disadvantage is that, in comparison to apartments, the housing production is half of that of standard apartment blocks. Costs: ,- People: +6% Planet: +5% 250 MWh per year Water use: m3 per year City Playgrounds A city playground is a popular hangout for children and improves the attractiveness of a neighbourhood, especially for families. Costs: ,- People: +7% Planet: +2%

15 Sports and Activities Area A sports or activities area is a popular hangout for teenagers and improves the attractiveness of a neighbourhood. These types of playground have minimal or no green in comparison to playgrounds, parks or natural areas. Costs: ,- People: +7% Planet: -2% Parking Areas Paid parking areas generate income, but require space. Revenue: ,- People: +4% Planet: -3% Parking Garage, 3 storeys high Parking garages generate income, but require space and foundations. Revenue: ,- People: +8% Planet: -5% 8 MWh per year Parking Garage, 6 storeys high Parking garages generate income, but require space and foundations. Revenue: ,- People: +11% Planet: -6% 16 MWh per year Sustainable Parking Garage, 3 storeys high A sustainable parking garage generates less income than a regular parking garage, but has a more positive effect on the environment and uses less energy. Revenue: ,- People: +8% Planet: +1% 1 MWh per year

16 8.2 Possible measures in the civil construction layer (5 to 50 m. below ground level) Underground Parking Garage, 3 storeys Parking garages generate income, but require space. This construction can be used as foundation for real estate developments on top. Revenue: ,- People: +4% Planet: -2% 10 MWh per year Underground Parking, 6 storeys Parking garages generate income, but require space. This construction can be used as strong foundation for real estate developments on top. Revenue: ,- People: +6% Planet: -5% 20 MWh per year Strong Foundation Strong foundations are necessary to develope real estate on clay ground. Costs: ,- Minimal Foundation Minimal foundation can be used to build real estate on top of sand soil. This is cheaper than strong foundation. Costs: ,- Piped Strong Foundation Strong foundation containing pipe sleeves to allow for pipelines up to 50 metres below ground level. Costs: ,- Piped Minimal Foundation Minimal foundation containing pipe sleeves to allow for pipelines up to 50 meters below ground level. Costs: ,-

17 Handout Serious Game Urban Underground Planning for Real Estate, Energy and Water Energy company 1. General The city is growing and the demand for energy will continue to rise. The municipality aims to use sustainable sources of energy. The underground space and resources could contain a solution for sustainable development. NOXXO is an innovative and sustainable energy company that has been granted the rights to produce and distribute energy for the city. Besides producing energy above ground level, NOXXO can also use underground development and resources to provide for energy for the city. Besides the provision of energy to the city, NOXXO also has to produce 15 thousand MWh per year for the surrounding areas. 2. Objectives The goals of the energy company have been translated into different indicators: Energy: Current use: approximately MWh per year. Requested extra capacity: MWh per year (100%). - Energy use per household is currently approximately 2.5 MWh per year. - Energy use for sustainable dwellings is approximately 2 MWh per year. Planet: As a sustainable energy company you aim for a 100% score on sustainability of all projects (including projects initiated by others). Profit: The starting budget is one million euros. By investing this budget properly the investment capital should be doubled in 50 years (2 million euros). For a successful score co-operation with external partners it is necessary to implement different urban projects. 3. Possible measures by the energy company In order to influence the performance of the energy company the following measures can be taken: Demolishing existing buildings. Installation of electric cables. Realization of energy plants. Usage of underground developments for energy production. 4. Effects of measures Measures that will be taken by the different stakeholders have an impact on the development of the city. The effects will be shown through scores on People, Planet, Energy, Water and Housing. Each stakeholder will also see the impact of the chosen measures on his or her own budget/profit.

18 5. Development Layers During the game, measures can be taken for different soil layers within the available plots. Certain measures can influence other measures in the same plot. There are also measures that can only take effect if they are combined with measures by other players or in other soil layers. During the game the following soil layers will be taken into consideration: Layer 1: Above ground Soil layer 1: The space on and above ground level This layer considers land development on and above ground level. Developments can take place within the zoning regulations of the plot. These developments can be for example: real estate development, parks, roads, parking, energy plants, etc. Layer 2: Topsoil Soil layer 2: The topsoil (0 to 5 m. below ground level) This layer concerns developments up to 5 meters below the surface. This layer can be used for cables and pipelines. The shallow surface can also contain tree roots. Layer 3: Civil construction layer Layer 4: Aquifer zone Layer 5: Deep subsurface Soil layer 3: The civil construction layer (5 to 50 m. below ground level) This layer describes the layer between 5 and 50 meters below ground level. This layer contains most of the foundations for real estate development but can also contain other civil engineering works like underground parking, subway tunnels and stations. Soil layer 4: The aquifer zone (50 to 500 m. below ground level) This layer contains the groundwater aquifer 50 to 500 meters below the ground. An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a waterwell. This layer also partly determines the stability and carrying power (natural foundation) of the surface. Soil layer 5: The deep subsurface (500 to 2500 m. below ground level) This layer is the deepest layer for underground development. This layer can contain mineral resources and fossil fuels.

19 6. Overview and Properties Map The map shows the overall layout of the city of Examplia and the different possible development plots. In total 12 plots of approximately 100 m 2 are eligible for developments and measures for the different players in the game. In the table below the current situation of the plots is described: Zoning Existing Plot plan Owner buildings Topsoil Civil Constructions 1 Industry Watera Water company Office Cables and Pipelines Foundations 2 Green Area 3 Housing 4 Green Area Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Municipality of Examplia 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations City park Roots Archaeological find 5 Industry Watera Water company Industry Cables and Pipelines Pollution 6 Industry Noxxo Energy company Industry Cables and Pipelines Pollution 7 Leisure 8 Green Area 9 Housing 10 Housing 11 Industry Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Municipality of Examplia Archaeological find 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations Aquifer zone Textile Factory Cables and Pipelines Pollution Pollution 12 Industry Noxxo Energy company Pollution

20 7. Soil Composition Map The municipality has examined the soil composition of the city and presented the soil composition map to the public. This information is useful for the municipality and its partners to be able to determine which kind of foundations are necessary to develop real estate projects. Sand Soil. This soil has a high natural foundational capacity. For real estate developments cheaper foundation methods can be applied. Clay Soil. This soil has a low natural foundational capacity. For real estate developments strong foundations are needed.

21 8. List of measures Energy company NOXXO 8.1 Possible measures above ground level Gas Plant A gas plant is a simple and cheap way to produce energy. However a gas plant doesn t contribute to the sustainability goals. Revenue: ,- People: -20% Planet: -40% Energy supply: MWh per year Water use: m3 per year Geothermal Energy Station By drilling pipes deep into the ground thermal energy can be produced. This sustainable source of energy can last for approximately 50 years. Drillings are needed for more than 1,5 kilometers deep, which are very costly. Revenue: ,- People: -1% Planet: +8% Energy supply: MWh per year Water use: m3 per year City Windmill This windmill has been developed to be used in urban environments. The noise disturbance of this windmill is minimal and it is safe to use in an urban area. The disadvantage is that windmills can be turned off and therefore don t produce energy during storms or lack of wind. Revenue: ,- People: -2% Planet: +10% Energy supply: 400 MWh per year Solar Panels Through the use of a large amount of solar panels energy can be produced. The disadvantage is that solar panels only work during the day. Revenue: ,- People: +3% Planet: +12% Energy supply: 120 MWh per year

22 8.2 Possible measures in the topsoil (0 to 5m. below ground level) Joined Construction of Cables and Pipelines In order to develop real estate, cables and pipelines need to be constructed in the topsoil. Both the energy company and the water company are responsible for this. They have to come to an agreement about financing the joined construction. Costs: ,- 8.3 Possible measures in the civil construction layer (5 to 50 m. below ground level) Underground Heat Exchanger An underground heat exchanger consists of vertical plastic tubes arranged in the soil. Through this system heat can be extracted and stored in a simple and sustainable manner. Revenue: ,- People: +3% Planet: +4% Energy supply: 80 MWh per year Strong Foundation Strong foundations are necessary to develope real estate on clay ground. Costs: ,- Minimal Foundation Minimal foundation can be used to build real estate on top of sand soil. This is cheaper than strong foundation. Costs: ,- Piped Strong Foundation Strong foundation containing pipe sleeves allows for pipelines up to 50 metres below ground level. Costs: ,-

23 Piped Minimal Foundation Minimal foundation containing pipe sleeves allows for pipelines up to 50 metres below ground level. Costs: ,- 8.4 Possible measures in the aquifer zone (50 to 500 m. below ground level) ATES: Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage An ATES system uses aquifers (underground water-bearing formations) to store heat and cold and the groundwater as a heat carrier. This way, buildings can be cooled during summer and heated during winter. Revenue: ,- People: +4% Planet: +4% Energy supply: 450 MWh per year HTSO: High-Temperature-Storage High-Temperature-Storage in the soil provides large energy savings and offers a significant environmental benefit. An important advantage is that hot water can be extracted without the use of a pump. Revenue: ,- People: +4% Planet: +8% Energy supply: 200 MWh per year Tube section from 50 to 500 meters below ground level A tube section from 50 to 500 metres below ground level ensures the transport of fluids to the subsurface. This is necessary in order to realize a geothermal power station. Costs: ,- 8.5 Possible measures in the deep subsurface (500 to 2500 m. below ground level) Geothermal Energy Drilling By drilling almost a kilometre deep it is possible to make geothermal energy available for energy production with a geothermal power plant. Costs: ,-

24 Handout Serious Game Urban Underground Planning for Real Estate, Energy and Water Water company 1. General The city is growing and the demand for drinking water will increase. The municipality wants to use water resources sustainably. Water company Watera has to provide for drinking water in the city and has to make an additional m 3 drinking water available for the surrounding area. The groundwater is generally speaking in good condition and there are plenty of locations to extract this water. By designating areas for groundwater protection, the water company can continuously guarantee the quality of the groundwater. The possibility to designate these areas also depends on the willingness of other stakeholders in the city to make these locations available. 2. Objectives The goals of the water company have been translated into different indicators: Drinking water: Current use is approximately m3 per year. Required extra production is m 3 per year. - Water use per normal household is now approximately 200 m 3 per year. - Sustainable dwellings use approximately 150 m 3 per year. Profit: Watera has a budget of 1 million euros. The goal is to double this budget by proper investments for the next 50 years (2 million euros). In order to achieve a successful score co-operation with external partners it is necessary to implement different urban projects. 3. Possible measures by the water company In order to influence the performance of the water company the following measures can be taken: Demolishing existing buildings. Installation of water pipelines. Realization of water plants. Designation of groundwater protection areas. 4. Effects of measures Measures that will be taken by the different stakeholders have an impact on the development of the city. The effects will be shown through scores on People, Planet, Energy, Water and Housing. Each stakeholder will also see the impact of the chosen measures on his or her own budget/profit.

25 5. Development Layers During the game, measures can be taken for different soil layers within the available plots. Certain measures can influence other measures in the same plot. There are also measures that can only take effect if they are combined with measures by other players or in other soil layers. During the game the following soil layers will be taken into consideration: Layer 1: Above ground Soil layer 1: The space on and above ground level This layer considers land development on and above ground level. Developments can take place within the zoning regulations of the plot. These developments can be for example: real estate development, parks, roads, parking, energy plants, etc. Layer 2: Topsoil Soil layer 2: The topsoil (0 to 5 m. below ground level) This layer concerns developments up to 5 meters below the surface. This layer can be used for cables and pipelines. The shallow surface can also contain tree roots. Layer 3: Civil construction layer Layer 4: Aquifer zone Layer 5: Deep subsurface Soil layer 3: The civil construction layer (5 to 50 m. below ground level) This layer describes the layer between 5 and 50 meters below ground level. This layer contains most of the foundations for real estate development but can also contain other civil engineering works like underground parking, subway tunnels and stations. Soil layer 4: The aquifer zone (50 to 500 m. below ground level) This layer contains the groundwater aquifer 50 to 500 meters below the ground. An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a waterwell. This layer also partly determines the stability and carrying power (natural foundation) of the surface. Soil layer 5: The deep subsurface (500 to 2500 m. below ground level) This layer is the deepest layer for underground development. This layer can contain mineral resources and fossil fuels.

26 6. Overview and Properties Map The map shows the overall layout of the city of Examplia and the different possible development plots. In total 12 plots of approximately 100 m 2 are eligible for developments and measures for the different players in the game. In the table below the current situation of the plots is described: Zoning Existing Plot plan Owner buildings Topsoil Civil Constructions 1 Industry Watera Water company Office Cables and Pipelines Foundations 2 Green Area 3 Housing 4 Green Area Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Municipality of Examplia 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations City park Roots Archaeological find 5 Industry Watera Water company Industry Cables and Pipelines Pollution 6 Industry Noxxo Energy company Industry Cables and Pipelines Pollution 7 Leisure 8 Green Area 9 Housing 10 Housing 11 Industry Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Housing corporation HomeSweetHome Municipality of Examplia Archaeological find 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations 150 dwellings Cables and Pipelines Foundations Aquifer zone Textile Factory Cables and Pipelines Pollution Pollution 12 Industry Noxxo Energy company Pollution

27 7. Soil Composition Map The municipality has examined the soil composition of the city and presented the soil composition map to the public. This information is useful for the municipality and its partners to be able to determine which kind of foundations are necessary to develop real estate projects. Sand Soil. This soil has a high natural foundational capacity. For real estate developments cheaper foundations methods can be applied. Clay Soil. This soil has a low natural foundational capacity. For real estate developments strong foundations are needed.

28 8. List of measures Water company Watera 8.1 Possible measures above ground level Water Extraction and Purification Plant A water extraction plant is needed to extract and purify groundwater from the aquifer zone. Revenue: ,- 8 MWh per year Waterproduction: m3 per year 8.2 Possible measures in the topsoil (0 to 5 m. below ground level) Joined Construction of Cables and Pipelines In order to develop real estate, cables and pipelines have to be constructed into the topsoil. Both the energy company and the water company are responsible for this. They have to come to an agreement about financing the joined construction. Costs: ,- 8.3 Possible measures in the civil construction layer (5 to 50 m. below ground level) Tube section from 5 to 50 meters below ground level A tube section from 5 to 50 metres below ground level ensures the transport of fluids from the aquifer zone. This is necessary in order to realize a geothermal power station or a water extraction plant. Costs: ,- Strong Foundation Strong foundations are necessary to develope real estate on clay ground. Costs: ,- Minimal Foundation Minimal foundation can be used to build real estate on top of sand soil. This is cheaper than strong foundation. Costs: ,-

29 Piped Strong Foundation Strong foundation containing pipe sleeves allows for pipelines up to 50 metres below ground level. Costs: ,- Piped Minimal Foundation Minimal foundation containing pipe sleeves allows for pipelines up to 50 metres below ground level. Costs: ,- 8.4 Possible measures in the aquifer zone (50 to 500 m. below ground level) Drilling to aquifer zone By drilling to the aquifer zone the water extraction plant can extract available groundwater. No costs Groundwater protection area By designating the protection of groundwater in this area, the groundwater will remain available for drinking water production. Costs: ,- Water production: m3 per year