District heating topics

Transcription

1 District heating topics This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no ENER/FP7/609127/READY List of topics Individual heating vs district heating competitiveness Heating and cooling Tåstrup case District heating and cooling Vaxjö case Use of surplus heating Vaxjö case Smart meters in district heating an investigation from Aarhus Heat pump in a district heating system Summer shut down of production

2 Introduction to district heating in Denmark Nina Detlefsen This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no ENER/FP7/609127/READY Danish District Heating Association 400 Heating companies 99% District heating supply Kolding 1.7 mill. Buildings with district heating 13% Copenhagen Price reduction in 3 years 53% Renewable energy

3 From black to green energy 100% RE by 2050 Fuel free energy Biomass and biogas Intelligent utility with ICT Power to heat and recycling heat Efficiency and coherent cooperation Urbanization = megatrend We want to live in large cities To live in large cities is a goal for many people. High density of humans and activities requires intelligent and sustainable solutions. Energy must be supplied in a secure and connected system based om environmental friendly harvest of energy. Present and future Past

4 Intelligent energy supply Example. Denmark has 900 water treatment plants Water supply Climate adoption Sewage Grey water Water treatment Point source Sludge Heat Pump Biogas Gas engine District heating Bio Methane Power District heating District Heating From oil to multiple fuels PJ Electricity for heat pumps Coal Renewable energy Natural gas Waste non biodegradable Oil Change in fuel used for district heating generation

5 From fuels to no fuels Fossil fuels Fossil share of waste Natural gas Oil Coal RE fuels Agricultural waste Biogas Biomass o o o o Straw (annual) Wood chip (years) Wood pellets (years) Biodegradable share of waste Fuel free heat Recycling heat Solar thermal Geothermal Power (from RE) o Heat pumps and electric boilers Multiple source energy system Coal Oil Natural gas Biogas Waste (fossil) Wood chips Wood pellets Straw Solar thermal Recycling heat Heat pumps Wind power Geothermal Heat and power CHP Boilers Direct Conversion Storage District heating Power District cooling

6 LEGO model of Brædstrup CHP with 8,000 m² / 5.6 MW Solar thermal Large storage of hot water Dam store highly efficient with solar thermal Coverage for solar thermal increases from 20% to 50% with a storage. Vojens Fjernvarme generates 50% of the district heating from 70,000 m 2 solar thermal and a 203,000 m 3 dam store. Opened in VEKS are designing a 60,000 m 3 storage for day balancing. Aalborg Forsyning are designing a 1,000,000 m 3 seasonal storage.

7 CHP in Denmark 460 units generates district heating Heat units and industrial units. Central and decentralized plants. Manny different fuels Coal, biomass, natural gas, waste and biogas. Solar thermal, power to heat and a little geothermal. Large penetration km district heating pipelines 65% of buildings uses district heating. Kilde: Energistyrelsen PJ District Heating from CHP Large and small Industrial, CHP Industrial, heat only District heating from power plant cooling water is still a large share

8 Electricity production in Denmark Decentralized CHP-units

9 Large variations between units Efficiency Calculated as: Total output/production Total input of fuels

10 RE share Questions?

11 District heating or individual heating in new areas This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no ENER/FP7/609127/READY Introduction

12 Heatdensity matters Prices in different networks Yearly heating prices for district heating in different networks The distance between houses is increasing

13 District heating Individual heating Competitiveness Yearly heating prices of district heating compared to individual solutions

14 Conclusions District heating in new areas good idea? Advantages Cheap heating Integrated energy system Low total investments Disadvantages Large investment costs Requires common consensus For each area: Make individual business cases Innovative smart city solutions For sustainable planning using smart for green business solutions within transport, district heating and cooling, building retrofitting, renewable energy, energy storage and balancing. This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no ENER/FP7/609127/READY

15 District Heating and Cooling Strategic solutions for low-carbon energy systems This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no ENER/FP7/609127/READY Techniques District heating and cooling

16 Produce green electricity and heat from biomass CO 2 is absorbed by the growing forest Steam boiler Hospitals, offices, shopping malls Ash Provides minerals Fertilises Counteracts acidification Flue-gas treatment Turbine Generator Biofuel Branches and tops from logging Wood chips Bark and sawdust Condenser Cooling unit C DISTRICT COOLING 6-8 C DISTRICT HEATING CO 2 is absorbed by the growing forest

17 Efficient production gives sustainable district cooling DC network in Växjö is flexible, energy efficient and available Innovative DC cycle network Total capacity 11.5 MW MW (excluding free cooling) 28 Customers connected to the grid Consumed energy: MWh (2017)

18 Integration of two production plants gives new opportunities After the DC network was fully integrated, the system is more efficient, environmentally friendly and economically beneficial.

19 Reduced electricity by using district heating Lower the electricity consumption by 25 % compared to before the integration. MWh 2500 Production of energy before the integration with two separated district cooling networks MWh 2500 Production of energy demand after the integration Total production SVV Total produktion SVV 1000 V-Mark 1000 V-Mark Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr Maj Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec More flexible production of cooling Cooling tower to increase the capacity of existing machines

20 Reduce heat losses Heat losses are expected to be reduced by 58 % in a low temperature district heating network compared to a traditional district heating system with traditional pipes, insolation and temperatures. From 105 C to 65 C Traditional District Heating System Dimensioning lifetime of pipes 35 years Design outdoor temperature (DOT) -19 C Low Temperature District Heating System Dimensioning lifetime of pipes 35 years Design outdoor temperature (DOT) -19 C Flow temperature of district heating at customer-central at DOT (winter season) 105 C Flow temperature of district heating at customer-central at DOT (winter season) 65 C Flow temperature of district heating at customer-central at DOT (summer season) 65 C Flow temperature of district heating at customer-central at DOT (summer season) 65 C Return temperature from the customers centrals at max load (winter season) 50 C Return temperature from customer centrals at max load (winter season) 38 C Return temperature from customer centrals at DOT (summer season) 50 C Return temperature from the customers centrals at DOT (summer season) 22 C

21 Self-organising Thermal Operational Resource Magnagement An innovative DHC networks controller for enhanced district energy efficiency For typical networks with a smaller sustainable energy source (biomass boiler, heat pump) and a larger fossil backup è Elimination of fossil fuel. For networks coupled to the electric grid by heat pumps/chps è Switching the devices at interesting power price. For more sophisticated networks: balance supply and demand of heat/cold in a cluster è increased efficiency. Demonstration sites in STORM Rottne, Växjö, Sweden A very typical 3 rd generation network 180 customers 10 large buildings connected to the STORM controller (36 % of the total energy consumption in Rottne) 2 wood chips boiler (1.5 MW MW) + bio fuel boiler (3MW) (backup) Design temperature C Objective: eliminate the operation of the expensive peak fuel boiler Heerlen, the Netherlands A highly innovative 4 th generation network Very low temperatures ( hot pipe 28 C cold pipe 16 C) Heating & cooling Coupled to underground mine water storage 11 buildings connected (4 clusters) to the STORM controller Objective: balancing of heat/cold producers and consumers

22 Smart Heat Grid in Rottne Surplus heating District heating and cooling

23 How to use surplus heating in Växjö Potential solutions of increasing the amount of waste heat Wasted heat from computer center Potential wasted heat recovery from process production industry Potential wasted heat from grocery store Potential of utilize wasted heat from industry processes Design note for implementing wasted heat recovery technology A technique of utilising wasted heat from a customer building. The purpose of this deliverable is to describe the design of how one can utilise wasted heat from a cooling system and at the same time supply the district heating network.

24 Design note for implementing wasted heat recovery technology 1. Heat is transferred from the customers cooling machine to the refrigerant liquid in the evaporator, causing the refrigerant liquid to evaporate. 2. The pressure of the refrigerant vapor is increased due to work added in the compressor. Since the compression isn t isentropic, the temperature of the vapor will rise a bit further. 3. In the condenser the vapor releases heat to the district heating water and goes through a second phase change once again turning in to liquid. 4. The choke valve decreases the pressure, ensuring that there will be no mix of vapor and liquid on the low pressure side. Sea water driven heat pump A multifaceted DH supply in Aarhus This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no ENER/FP7/609127/READY

25 Introduction What is a smart city? Aarhus DH system Climate strategy Aarhus DH system Supply to: AVAs own distribution network 7 consumer owned DH companies 3 neighbouring municipalities Approximately GWh in 2016 from: Studstrup CHP plant approx. 50% 2 waste incineration plants approx. 25% Lisbjerg biomass fired CHP plant approx. 20% Surplus heat approx. 3% [from where?] Electric boiler approx. 1% Oil boilers <1% Biogas fired plants <1% 3 straw fired areas (green arrows) Geding 0.25 MW oil boiler (grey arrow)

26 Aarhus DH system

27 Technical system System sketch of the heat pump Location Project budget Expected heat demand development Comparison of two options System sketch of the heat pump

28 Location of the heat pump

29 Visibility