Hydrological Training Programme for Pacific Island Countries INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

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1 Hydrological Training Programme for Pacific Island Countries INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

2 Water in Small Island Countries 3 rd World Water Forum Kyoto, March 2003 Pacific preparation through national and regional consultation in 2002 Special theme in Kyoto & opening session Small Island Countries recognised on global forum Linkage with WSSD: Partnership Initiatives Preparations for UN CSD 12 & 13 Preparations for summit on SIDS Mauritius

3 Pacific Regional Action Plan on Sustainable Water Management 6 Thematic Areas Water Resources Management Island Vulnerability Awareness Technology Institutional Arrangements Financing Key Messages under each theme Priority Actions under each message Pacific RAP endorsed by 18 SIDS, and 14 Heads of State SIDS South-South Partnership with Caribbean (JPfA) WSSD Pacific Type II Partnership Initiative on Water

4 WSSD Pacific Partnership Initiative on Objectives: Sustainable Water Management Strengthening and building of partnerships on Water and Wastewater: regional water network Implementing the Pacific Regional Action Plan on Sustainable Water Management (2002) Implementing the Pacific Wastewater Policy Statement and Pacific Wastewater Framework for Action (2001) Implementing the Pacific Drinking Water Supply & Health Framework for Action (2005)

5 SIDS Water Issues

6 SIDS Water Issues 3 rd World Water Forum, Kyoto Uniquely fragile water resources due to small size, lack of natural storage, competing land use, vulnerability to natural & anthropogenic hazards, including drought, cyclones and urban pollution Water & wastewater service providers constrained by lack of human and financial resource bases, restricting the availability of experienced staff and investment, and effectiveness of cost-recovery Highly complex water governance due to the disconnect between traditional community and national administration practices and instruments

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8 Basic Statistics Pacific Island Country Population Land Area (km2) Nr of islands Island type according to geology Cook Islands 16, Volcanic, volcanic & limestone, atoll Federated States of 114, Volcanic, atoll, mixed Micronesia Fiji 785,000 18, (approx.) Volcanic, limestone, atoll, mixed Kiribati 85, atolls or coral islands, 1 limestone island Nauru 11, Limestone Niue 1, Limestone Palau 22, (approx.) Volcanic, some with limestone Papua New Guinea 4,400, ,000? Volcanic, limestone, coral islands and atolls Republic of Marshall Islands 60, Atolls and coral islands Samoa 175,000 2,930 9 Volcanic Solomon Islands 417,000 28, Volcanic, limestone, atolls Tonga 99, Volcanic, limestone, limestone & sand, mixed Tuvalu 11, Atolls Vanuatu 182,000 12, Predominantly volcanic with coastal sands and limestone

9 Freshwater Resources Pacific Island Country Main freshwater resources uses Cook Islands SW, GW, RW WS, T Federated States of Micronesia SW, GW, RW WS Fiji SW, GW, RW, D (tourist resort only) WS, T, H, I Kiribati GW, RW, D (limited) WS Marshall Islands RW (from airport catchment and buildings), WS Nauru D (regular use), RW, GW (limited) WS Niue GW, RW WS Palau SW, GW, RW WS Papua New Guinea SW, GW, RW WS, M Samoa SW, GW, RW WS Solomon Islands SW, GW, RW WS Tonga GW, RW, SW (limited) WS Tuvalu RW (primary), GW (limited), D (emergency) WS Vanuatu SW, GW, RW WS, T, H SW = Surface water, GW = groundwater, RW = rainwater, D = desalination WS = water supply to communities, T = tourism, H = hydroelectricity, M = mining, I = irrigation

10 Hydrological Information Needs Rainfall, Groundwater, Surface Water Domestic, industrial, commercial water supplies Hydropower development / energy Agriculture (irrigation / rainfed) Environment Tourism Disaster Management Flood forecasting Drought forecasting

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20 WHAT IS INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT? (IWRM)

21 IWRM A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximise the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems Global Water Partnership (GWP)

22 ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY Management Instruments Allocation Regulation Economic tools Enabling Environment Policies Legislation Participation International Cooperation Level of Action Management Bounderies Capacity Building Institutional Roles ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY SOCIAL EQUITY

23 What is an IWRM approach? The IWRM approach involves: - looking across sectors at society s total needs for water; - the sustainable management of water resources for future generations; - water is a valuable resource and the value should be reflected in how it is used; and -a participatory approach to water resources management, involving stakeholders to ensure equity as well as efficiency in water use.

24 IWRM Principles Dublin Principles as a Guide (1992) I) Freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource II) Water Development should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy-makers III) Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water IV) Water has an economic value in all its completing uses and should be recognised as an econmoic good

25 The basics of integration More integrated decision-making across sectors and scales Energy National Fisheries Agriculture Basin Enviro nment Water Finance Local Tourism Industry

26 Misconceptions IWRM demands wholesale integration Sectoral decisionmaking should be abandoned entirely.

27 Island IWRM Issues

28 IWRM issues in Pacific Island Countries Sustainable water resources management not being achieved Competing activities in watersheds or on islands Pacific Island Countries are very vulnerable (cyclone and drought events) due to small size of catchments and aquifers and lack of natural storage Water needed for wide range of sectors: urban and rural water supplies, commercial forestry and agriculture, subsistence agriculture, fisheries/reefs and tourist developments Pollution on land (wastewater disposal, sediment erosion and industrial discharges) impact upon coastal water quality and fisheries stock which sustain entire island populations

29 Integrated Water Resources Management Island Style

30 IWRM Island Style Islands to look at managing water resources not only within the watershed but also the receiving coastal waters Need for drought and disaster preparedness plans (DWC) Adopt new approach Ridge to Reef, White Water to Blue Water, H 2 O Small size of island countries necessitates a national approach to capacity building, awareness and governance Pacific example Island System Management (ISM/SOPAC/EU) Caribbean example Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management (IWCAM/CEHI/GEF)

31 Pacific Regional Action Plan for Sustainable Water Management Theme 1: Water Resources Management 1. Water resources assessment and monitoring 2. Rural water supply and sanitation 3. Integrated water resource and catchment management Theme 2: Island Vulnerability 1. Disaster preparedness 2. Dialogue on Water and Climate Theme 3: Awareness 1. Advocacy 2. Political will 3. Community participation 4. Environmental understanding 5. Gender

32 Pacific Regional Action Plan for Sustainable Water Management Theme 4: Technology 1. Appropriate technologies 2. Demand management and conservation 3. Human resources Theme 5: Institutional Arrangements 1. Institutional strengthening 2. Policy, planning and legislation Theme 6: Finance 1. Costs and tariffs 2. Alternative models 3. Roles of donor organizations and financing institutes

33 Coordination Unit Pacific Water Partnership Activities Regional Clearing House (Database, Website, Teleconference) Monitor Pacific RAP implementation Advocate for RAP implementation Coordinating Capacity Development Promotion of National Water Partnerships Framework for IWRM implementation Partners: PICs, NGOs, CBOs, IGOs, donor and UN agencies, universities Funding: Asian Development Bank

34 Pacific Island Climate Update (ICU) & Pacific Water & Climate Resource Centre End-users and beneficiaries: Hydrologists Meteorologists Disaster Managers Natural Resource Managers Utility Managers (Water / Power) Regional / International Organisations Partners: PIC Met Services, NIWA, SOPAC, SPREP, WMO, UNESCO Funding: NZAID / ADB

35 Pacific Hydrological Training Programme 3 year programme 1 st year 2004 Surface Water + Climate 2 nd year 2005 IWRM Surface Water + Groundwater 3 rd year 2006 IWRM Surface Water + Groundwater Partners: UNESCO, WMO, NIWA Funding: NZAID

36 Pacific Programme for Water Governance Mainstream the principles of good water governance to assist in achieving sustainable water resource management and provision of water services Promote the application of effective water governance in institutions, systems, structures and processes through the application of pilot projects and day to day applications Pilot programme in 3 Pacific Island Countries Support development of National IWRM plans Replication to all PICs Partners: PIC governments, SOPAC Funding: European Union

37 IWRM Distance Learning Course Pacific Virtual Water Learning Centre Curriculum testing finalised Other nodes in Ghana and Bangkok Adaptation of IWRM principles to Island situation Course to commence in 2005 Partners: UNU/INWEH, University of the South Pacific (USP), SOPAC Funding: UNDESA

38 Future Opportunities EU Water for Life Initiative Pacific Programme for Water Governance (PfWG) ACP Mechanism for the EU Water Facility (RAP and HYCOS) UNEP Global Programme for Action (GPA) Sanitation and Wastewater management, IWCAM, Hilltops to Oceans Global Environment Facility (GEF) Integrated Water Resources Management in Pacific SIDS PDF-A endorsed PDF-B for full sized project being prepared Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD12&13) Focus on Water, Sanitation and Human Settlements ( ) Water for Life Decade ( ) Mauritius review (BPoA+10) Barbados SIDS Programme of Action linkages to 3WWF and CSD