Application of Biodiversity Valuation Results in Policy Making

Transcription

1 Application of Biodiversity Valuation Results in Policy Making Zhang Fengchun Center for Biodiversity Studies Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences 7-9 July, 2014 Shenyang

2 Outline General progress of TEEB in China Cases of valuation result application

3 General progress of TEEB in China

4 Focal levels of valuation Species Valuation of ecosystem services is the focus

5 Genetic resources Existing value Indirect value Direct value Value for future

6 Values of species The value of Platanus acerifolia Nanjing subway: the line was re-planned to protect around 600 trees Planned subway in Nanjing city Public in Nanjing is protecting the Platanus trees Subway cost: in general RMB 500 million/km

7 Values of species Values of Tibetan antelope Commercial values Products value of brand image Values for tourism and recreation Value for maintaining biodiversity Input for conservation Values for education Values for scientific researches RMB 1.03 trillion/year

8 Values of ecosystem services Lalu Wetland is in Lasa City with an area of 35712ha Products O 3 emission CO 2 fixation Water resources Water purification 5 SO 2 absorption Erosion control Recreation 5.65 Research and education 2.52 Habitat Total: RMB million Direct Market Travel Cost Replacement Cost Contingent Valuation Benefit Transfer

9 Ecosystem services "Never let Minqin became the second Lop Nor Wen Jiabao

10 Some estimations of BD values The total value of BD of the world is 33 trillion dollars per year Nature (1997) The total value of BD of the USA is 3 trillion dollars per year BioScience (1997) The total value of China s natural ecosystem is 6.6 trillion dollars per year John MacKinnon (2001) The total value of BD of China is 4.6 trillion dollars per year Report of biodiversity research in China (1998) China s GDP in 2009 was 4.92 trillion dollars

11 On biodiversity valuation Its ecological value is much higher than its product value Its indirect value is much higher than its direct value The estimated results for the same target greatly varied

12 Cases of valuation result application

13 Mainstreaming approach 1 Policy Making Lalu Wetland Choice: wetland or residential area, which one? Policy making and planning: value is an important basis According to valuation, the benefit for residential use is 23.6% of that for wetland use. This was taken into policy making, planning and actions

14 Mainstreaming approach 2 Performance Assessments Mainstream values into performance assessments for sectors or individuals It is a parallel assessing indicator to GDP Performance GDP BD

15 Mainstreaming approach 2 Assessed targets Government as a whole Responsible sectors The head of government Responsible staff

16 Mainstreaming approach 2 Chapter 3 Article 8 Indicators for assessing head of government: 1 BD in workplan 2 Targets and work set for BD conservation 3 Other BD-related criteria 4 Public assessment and prominent BD problems 5 Investment for BD conservation 6 Actions for BD conservation 7 Invasion of alien species, 8 etc Indicators of the assessments Take Chongqing as an example

17 Balance Mainstreaming approach 3 In Qiangtang area of Xizang, the conflict between protected wildlife and local people is a challenge for local governments Eco-Compensation what to do Farmers int erests Wildlife

18 Mainstreaming approach 3 Eco-Compensation Damaged parties will be compensated But how much to compensate?

19 Mainstreaming approach 3 Eco-Compensation Problem:around Zhaga Lamasery in Yajiang County, Sichuan, protected animals often cause damages to farmers crops. How to solve this conflict between the protected animals and farmers is a challenge porcupine Boar eared-pheasant

20 Zhaga Lamasery Mainstreaming approach 3 Compensation: for the crop damages caused by the protected animals Method: establishing a animalman conflict fund Financing: The fund was donated by Yajiang forestry bureau, Xiadu community, Zhaga Lamasery and nearby villages Eco-Compensation

21 Mainstreaming approach 3 Eco-Compensation In Pingwu, Sichuan Province, there are conflicts between upper and lower reaches of Fujiang River Basin. Lost opportunity and cost for protection at upper and benefit at lower reaches. Eco-compensation need valuation Pingwu County Fujiang River Basin

22 Problem In Yulong County, Yunnan, fuels for rural heating and cooking are mainly collected from nearby Mt., which causes rapid BD degradation. But the farmers are unable to afford energy-saving stove or to build a bio-gas digester Mainstreaming approach 4 Natural management

23 Compensation: for the extracost of households for not using local vegetation Method: compensate for the cost purchasing new stove or building biogas digester Mainstreaming approach 4 Natural management Financing: 1/3 by gov t., household and TNC, respectively Saving energy 40-80%; m m Energysaving stove Biogas

24 Mainstreaming approach 5 Paid use of natural resources Fodder Medicine Timber processing Enterprise Bamboo and rattan Beverage from wild plants Cosmetics Products from wild plants Biofuel processing

25 Mainstreaming approach 5 Paid use of natural resources Problem:Various activities in the nature reserves such as movie production, photographing, student practice and mountaineering etc., are actually consuming of natural resources. The people who use the resources should compensate for the cost of conservation and maintenance of the reserves

26 Mainstreaming approach 6 Selection of actions Cost/benefit analysis is an important method in the selection of actions for BD conservation and its sustainable use. BD valuation is the main component of such analysis E.g.:Following 4 options can be considered for a degrading ecosystem. But which is the best? Option D Option C Option B Option A Cost/benefit analysis and BD valuation give your answer

27 A master planning Mainstreaming approach 7 EIA and SEA The mainstreaming of BD valuation results into environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA) will help to quantify SEA/EIA results, providing a more convincing results A project

28 Mainstreaming approach 8 Awareness enhancement Value is a sensitive and intuitive indicator for the importance of biodiversity You may alter your production mode when you know how much is included in your GDP You will actively participate in the BD conservation and sustainable use when really recognize the huge value of BD Destroying BD is that you are stealing and spending the money deposited for future generations

29 Mainstreaming approach 9 Convention implmentation The valuation results will support implementation of Nagoya Protocol 1. Providing basis and standards for benefit sharing 2. Providing data supporting PIC 3. Providing data supporting MAT

30 Mainstreaming approach 10 Biodiversity assessment Biodiversity assessment is an important basis for policy making Valuation result is the most convincing indicator for the assessment It is an quantitative description of natural resources

31 Thank you for your attention