science, technology Biomass combustion and engineering Edited by Lasse Rosendahl WOODHEAD PUBLISHING Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi

Transcription

1 Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy: Number 40 Biomass combustion science, technology and engineering Edited by Lasse Rosendahl WP WOODHEAD PUBLISHING Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi

2 Contents Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Preface ix xiii xvii Part I Introduction, supply chains and feedstock 1 1 Biomass combustion for power generation: an introduction 3 J. P. Wolf, DONG Energy Power, Denmark 1.1 Introduction Biomass combustion techniques Biomass as fuel Market development for biomass combustion and conversion technologies Reference 8 2 Biomass supply chains 9 A. A. Rentizelas, National Technical University of Athens, Greece 2.1 Introduction Types of biomass and waste streams Biomass supply chain structure and characteristics Development of advanced biomass supply and process chains Integration of biomass combustion into waste management 2.6 Advantages and limitations of using biomass for energy conversion Future trends Sources of further information and advice References v

3 vi Contents 3 Biomass feedstocks: categorisation and preparation for combustion and gasification 36 L. S. Nikolaisen and P. D. Jensen, Danish Technological Institute, Denmark 3.1 Introduction Types of feedstock Characterisation, analysis and categorisation techniques Fuel preparation and upgrading for combustion or conversion Advantages and limitations of particular fuels Future trends References 55 Part II Biomass combustion and co-firing 59 4 Direct combustion of biomass 61 M. Mando, Aalborg University, Denmark 4.1 Introduction Basis of biomass combustion Fouling prevention and control Corrosion and additives Technology-specific issues Conclusion References 80 5 Biomass co-firing 84 C. Yin, Aalborg University, Denmark 5.1 Introduction Direct co-firing technologies Indirect and parallel co-firing technologies Conclusion References Biomass gasification 106 Y. Neubauer, Berlin Institute of Technology, Germany and H. Liu, University of Nottingham, UK 6.1 Introduction Basic principles and feedstocks Basic reactor types Monitoring and control, and performance optimization Advantages and limitations Future trends Sources of further information and advice References 125

4 Contents vii 7 Fast pyrolysis of biomass for the production of liquids 130 A. Bridgwater, Aston University, UK 7.1 Introduction Pyrolysis principles and products Applications of bio-oil Feedstocks Fast-pyrolysis technology Fast-pyrolysis bio-oil upgrading Economics Conclusion and future trends Sources of further information and advice References Intermediate pyrolysis of biomass 172 A. Hornung, Aston University, UK 8.1 Introduction Intermediate pyrolysis technologies Applications of intermediate pyrolysis and comparison with fast pyrolysis An integrated project including intermediate pyrolysis Future trends References 184 Part III Large-scale biomass combustion and biorefineries Large-scale biomass combustion plants: an overview 189 S. Caillat, Ecole des Mines de Douai, France and E. Vakjcilainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland 9.1 Introduction Technologies Fuels Operational issues Environmental aspects Future trends Sources of further information and advice Acknowledgements References Industrial-scale biomass combustion plants: engineering issues and operation 225 H. Widell, Aalborg Energie Technik (AET), Denmark 10.1 Introduction The suitability of industrial-scale plants for biomass combustion 227

5 viii Contents 10.3 Biomass combustion technologies Biomass combustion plant engineering issues Operational routes to optimise performance and tackle problems Future trends Sources of further information and advice Acknowledgements References Biorefineries: increased value from biomass conversion 278 L. Lange, Aalborg University, Denmark 11.1 Introduction Biorefinery feedstocks and concepts Improving feedstocks Conversion by enzymes and microorganisms Life-cycle analysis and sustainability Future trends Sources of further information and advice References 294 Index 296