Rune Bredesen Vice President Research

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1 Hydrogen related R&D at SINTEF Materials and Chemistry Rune Bredesen Vice President Research SINTEF Materials and Chemistry SINTEF Materials and Chemistry

2 Who we are SINTEF is a non profit polytechnic research organisation, performing contract research and development for industry and the public sector SINTEF is the largest independent research organisation in Scandinavia More than 7000 projects for 3000 customers every year SINTEF Materials and Chemistry is the largest institute in SINTEF with a staff of 450 SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 2

3 SINTEF Materials and Chemistry in the World projects in SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 3

4 Overview of main activities related to hydrogen technology Inorganic Hydrogen separation membranes MNOK 6,0 MYEN 97,6 Inorganic High-temp Fuel cells MNOK 3,3 MYEN 54,3 Advanced infrastructure International cooperation From fundamental research to industry scale-up Budget 2014 was MNOK 25,8 - MYEN 420,4 Inorganic High-temp Electolyser cells MNOK 5,5 MYEN 89,6 PEM Fuel cells MNOK 7,6 MYEN 123,6 PEM Electrolyser cells MNOK 3,4 MYEN 55,3 4 SINTEF Materials and Chemistry

5 SINTEF - a large actor in European Hydrogen technology R&D&D European Projects: National top-financing: SINTEF Materials and Chemistry

6 Inorganic High-temp Fuel cells Inorganic Hydrogen separation membranes Inorganic High-temp Electolyser cells SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 6

7 Flexible Pd-alloy membrane technology NH 3 1.5H N 2 CH 4 + 2H 2 O 4H 2 + CO 2 CO + H 2 O H 2 + CO 2 Membrane Support H 2 Pd-alloy membrane extractor Hydrogen production Hydrogen purification Hydrogen recovery Catalyst Membrane Support C 2 H 4 + H 2 C 2 H 6 H 2 Pd-alloy membrane distributor Hydrogenation PCDC power plant with CO 2 capture H 2 production e.g. for ammonia, desulphurization, hydrotreating H 2 recovery from process streams Hydrogenation/ dehydrogenation H 2 production for filling stations, stationary power etc. H 2 for backup/remote power and stationary CHP H 2 purification for semiconductor industry etc. H 2 for fuel cells in Integration in small units, e.g. PC micro technology Membrane surface area (m 2 ) SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 7

8 Pd-alloy H 2 -separation membrane development Pd-alloy membranes fabrication by sputtering, typical thickness 2-3 µm Very high hydrogen flux ~ 1500 m 3 H 2 /m 2 h at 25 H 2 -pressure difference Advanced membrane testing incl. impurity (H 2 S, NH 3 ) effects Modelling at different scales, reactor to atomistic modelling Module design to reduce concentration polarisation Scaling up production technology with company Reinertsen AS Some membrane compositions investigated Prepartion of tubuar membrane Microchannel design Atomistic modelling SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 8

9 Materials and Chemistry Ceramic powder and membrane fabrication laboratory Powder synthesis and conditioning Forming of ceramics into planar, rod and tubular geometry Coating of porous and dense layers Membrane Support 10µm Powder production Membrane production in clean room condition Asymmetric membrane Powder conditioning Pastes preparation Slurries preparation Production of tubes Coating of tubes Sintering of membranes Functionalization of membranes Materials and Chemistry

10 High Temperature Fuel Cells and Electrolysers MATERIALS New proton conducting electrolyte materials, Electrodes materials and architectures, Sealants, Interconnect materials and protective coatings Our expertise Thermodynamics study DFT modelling Conductivity and flux measurements Structure and thermal expansion Stability (chemical CO 2, H 2 S, at high pressure) MANUFACTURING Powder synthesis; Liquid & wet deposition methods, physical deposition methods; Magnetron sputtering; E-beam; PLD, PECVD E beam evaporation of YSZ Annealing at 900ºC Tuning of materials composition and microstructure Sintering: conventional; microwave assisted Computer assisted fabrication STACK GENERATION Design of cells and stacks 2 nd and 3 rd generations Testing Single cells (tubular and planar; in realistic operating conditions 5 cm 5 cm SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 10

11 PEM Electrolyser cells PEM Fuel cells SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 11

12 PEM Fuel cell degradation and lifetime research Linked to Danish μchp field test project Second Act aims at Degradation understanding and durability improvement. Propose solutions enabling significant lifetime improvement for µchp systems using PEMFC or DMFC technology Lolland Hydrogen Community KEEPEMALIVE aims to establish: improved understanding of degradation & failure mechanisms for stationary PEM fuel cells, accelerated stress test protocols, a sensitivity matrix and a lifetime prediction model SINTEF main activities Establishment of Accelerated Stress Test Testing of induced failure mode Statistical modelling Establishment of tools for assessment of degradation. Technology for a better society

13 SINTEF coordinated development with several European Partners New catalysts NEXPEL - Develop and demonstrate a PEM water electrolyser integrated with RES: Improved MEAs Improved DC- DC converter Novel stack design and new construction materials New membrane materials All 3 European projects coordinated by SINTEF Technology for a better society

14 Our main PEM FC & EC laboratories Materials and component fabrication Electrocatalyst and support materials synthesis MEA fabrication Coatings for bipolar plates Cell fabrication Diagnostics lab for FC & EC Electrochemical cell testing and electrode characterisation Durability testing and degradation products analysis Characterization of cells' materials/components Effect of contaminant/poisons Post mortem analysis of components 14 Technology for a better society

15 HyCoRA Hydrogen Contaminant Risk Assessment Main Goal: Develop and execute strategy for cost reduction of hydrogen fuel quality assurance Main activities: Hydrogen fuel quality mapping Method development for quality control FC impurity tolerance assessment Risk Assessment modelling Feedback to standardization committees Technology for a better society 15

16 Scandinavia The goal of H 2 moves Scandinavia is to gain customer acceptance for H 2 - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles R&D activities at SINTEF Next-Generation Hydrogen Stations - Producing high quality hydrogen at lower costs: 1. Hydrogen gas quality assurance - Developing new, more efficient methods to predict gas quality and develop strategies to mitigate impurities vulnerable for fuel cell cars. 2. Lowering the cost of hydrogen at nozzle by 'clever' production - Dynamic, on-line operation optimization of production to reduce the cost of hydrogen from generated from electricity by water electrolysers, utilizing price variations in Norway, Nordic countries and Germany. 3. Where is the nearest open hydrogen station? - Developing applications for smartphones, the Web, and SMS, so customers can conveniently find the nearest HRS. 17 Fuel Cell Vehicles in Oslo x10 x5 x2 (+2) 2 Fuelling stations 1 SINTEF/Oslo, Gaustad, 70 MPa, 200 kg/day (400 kg feasible) 1 mobile refueller for EU demo tours SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 16

17 We hope to extend our cooperation with Japanese academia and industry The contribution of many SINTEF colleagues is gratefully acknowledged Thank you for your attention SINTEF Materials and Chemistry 17