Energy from Waste Everywhere? Alfred Sigg Martin Brunner

Transcription

1 Energy from Waste Everywhere? Alfred Sigg Martin Brunner Second International Conference on Biomass and Waste Combustion February 21 Oslo, Norway

2 European Politics 1% 9% 8% Recycling Landfill hermal reatment 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% Reduce landfilling by by propagating thermal treatment 2% 1% % Lithuania Bulgaria Greece urkey Romania Estonia Ireland Poland Croatia Slovenia Latvia Spain Hungary UK Finland Italy Slovakia Czech Rep Norway Portugal Austria Germany Netherlands Belgium France Luxembourg Switzerland Sweden Denmark Eurostat analysis by M. Baur, Von Roll Inova 2

3 EfW: A question of money? 28 GDP- Adjusted for Purchasing Power ' $/P e rso n Only wealthy countries can afford thermal treatment? C a m b o d ia In d ia P h ilip p in e s C h in a B ra sil L ith u a n ia B u lg a r ia G re e c e u rk e y R o m a n ia E s to n ia Ire la n d P o la n d C ro a tia S lo w e n ia L a tv ia S p a in H u n g a ry U K F in la n d Ita ly S lo va k ia C z e c h R e p u b lic N o rw a y P o rtu g a l A u s tr ia G e rm a n y N e th e rla n d s B e lg iu m F ra n c e L u x e m b u rg S w itz e r la n d S w e d e n D e n m a rk 3 Source: IMF 29

4 Fundamental EfW Drivers EfW only with landfill ban Elsewhere: Competition against landfill Drivers: Landfill prices Energy sales No market Case by case Possible 4

5 Who can afford EfW Plants? Operator perspective: Average-sized EfW plant Cost of capital -9 /t Personnel -11 /t Operating chemicals - 3 /t Residuals disposal - 4 /t Bottom ash disposal - 7 /t Maintenance and outages - 9 /t Non-availability (-13 /t) Revenue from electricity sales +37 /t CO 2 -Certificate sales +?? /t otal (Gate Fee) -87 /t ======? #2 #3 #1 5

6 Focused Development Reduce Capital Cost Increase Energy Efficiency Minimize Operating and Maintenance Cost Offer maximum Flexibility with Regard to Fuel Variability Economic attractiveness in an increasingly competitive EfW market Drive towards Gate Fee and new markets 6

7 Capital Possibilities: Compact Plants Reduced flue gas volume Smaller plants 1-Minute Averages 7 Higher efficiency

8 Capital Possibilities: Compact Plants Exploring new frontiers: Predictive modeling Emulation of transport and gasification process on grate Input data for CFD model of post combustion process Linked models: Iteration Full scale trials on modern plants Model validation with new test data Modified furnace geometry and process management Basis for the new Inova Grate: λ = 1.2 Schnittstelle für den Austausch Interface surface for data exchange to the CFD model 8

9 Capital Possibilities: Simple Processes/High Performance DyNOR M precise and quick-acting NOx Reduction Compressed Air Ammonia/Urea aq DyNOR M -Distributor Virtual Segmentation of the first boiler pass: separate temperature measurements with quick responding IR-pyrometers Ammonia-Injection at different levels by means of a quick acting, independent, continuous distributor Demonstrated performance: Injection Nozzles < 8 mg/m 3 NO x < 1 mg/m 3 NH 3 slip IR-Pyrometers 9

10 DyNOR M Performance Results at 14mg/m 3 NOx NOx (mg/m NOx (mg/m 3 i.n. 3 i.n. dry dry 11% O2) : NOx setpoint: 14mg/m 3 : 6: 12: 18: DyNOR M : 6: 12: NH3 (mg/m NH3 (mg/m 3 i.n. 3 i.n. dry dry 11% O2) 18: : 6: 12: 18: : 6: 12: 1

11 DyNOR M Performance Results at 1mg/m 3 NOx NOx (mg/m NOx (mg/m 3 i.n. 3 i.n. dry dry 11% O2) : NOx setpoint: 1mg/m 1mg/m 3 : 6: 12: 18: DyNOR M : 6: 12: NH3 (mg/m NH3 (mg/m 3 i.n. 3 i.n. dry dry 11% O2) 18: : 6: 12: 18: : 6: 12: 11

12 Capital Possibilities: Simple Processes/HighPerformance NH 3 -slip (mg/m 3 i.n. dry 11%O 2 ) SCR SNCR with NH 3 - recovery SNCR DyNOR M NOx emission (mg/m 3 i.n. dry 11% O 2 )

13 Focused Development Reduce Capital Cost Increase Energy Efficiency Minimize Operatingand Maintenance Cost Offer maximum FlexibilitywithRegardto Fuel Variability 13

14 Energy Efficiency: Advanced Process Monitoring 1% 2 Efficiency (%) 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% P Steam Water FD F P Life Steam Water Water- /Steam Steam Economiser (ECO) Evaporator (Evap) F P Feed Water 4 2 Flue Gas Pressure Drop in Boiler (mbar) Q RG vr W Q WD vr W Q WD W Q RG na W Q WD na W % Superheater (SH) SH3 SH2 SH1 ECO dp FG 14

15 Energy Efficiency: Advanced Process Monitoring Deflection (mm) Force (kn) ime (s) Deflection (mm) D Force (kn) ime (s) 15

16 Energy Efficiency: Advanced Process Monitoring 1% 2 Efficiency (%) 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % SH3 SH2 SH1 ECO dp FG Flue Gas Pressure Drop in Boiler (mbar) + Deflection (mm) ime (s) On-line Rapper Supervision Force (kn) Powered by PAMELA = he ransparent Boiler 16

17 Focused Development Reduce Capital Cost Increase Energy Efficiency Minimize Operatingand Maintenance Cost Offer maximum FlexibilitywithRegardto Fuel Variability 17

18 Operating Cost: New Inova Grate Experience x 3 Simple, long lived, accessible: Economical Flexible processing: Excellent burn-out 18

19 Focused Development Reduce Capital Cost Increase Energy Efficiency Minimize Operatingand Maintenance Cost Offer maximum FlexibilitywithRegardto Fuel Variability 19

20 Fuel Flexibility Steam F Q O 2 Medium L Flue gas A1 FC Low Recirculated flue gas P A5 Q Q FC Secondary air A2 A6 High A4 FC P P P P Primary air C A3 2

21 Energy from Waste Everywhere? Yes, we can hank you for your support! 21