Sector-coupling and bioenergy systems

Transcription

1 Sector-coupling and bioenergy systems Lukas Kranzl, Gerhard Totschnig, TU Wien World Sustainable Energy Days, Wels 2018 TU Wien - Energy Economics Group (EEG)

2 West Denmark Wind Production West Denmark Wind Production Integrated energy systems and power-to-heat as flexibility option? System electricity System intermittent supply Dispatch Electricity exchange System intermittent supply System electricity demand Wind, Solar, Conversion to electricity Electricity Fuels Poly-fuel generation E- Boiler Heatpumps Electricity storage Cold Cold storage Heat Solar, Conversion to heat Heat storage Mobility Fuel storage Source: according to Blarke et al, 2013

3 Key question to be discussed in this presentation What will be the role of biomass (district) heating in a future integrated energy system and how may biomass (district) heating contribute to sector coupling? How could sector coupling between heating and electricity sector affect future investment decisions in biomass (district) heating systems? CHP? P2H?

4 Heat pump constellation for increasing return flow temperature using flue gas condensation as heat source and achieving attractive COPs Biomass boiler Heat pump District heating supply line District heating return line Flue gas condensation 6

5 Examples of heat pump integration in biomass district heating, based on flue gas condensation as heat source Examples of heat pumps using flue gas condensation in biomass based district heating systems as heat source and temperature increase of the return flow; Ökoenergiepark-Bergheim (Salzburg AG): source temperature: 50/40 C, sink: 50/60 C, COP: ~5.5 Bioenergie Bucklige Welt: ecop heat pump; in summer, heat pump can provide full heat supply and avoid inefficient operation of biomass boiler; Several examples of serial heat pump integration in fossil and waste incineration based district heating systems, e.g.: Malmö Waste incineration, 9 C increase of return temperature, additional heat supply by waste incineration, COP 5,43 Svendborg waste incineration: CHP, increase of return temperature, COP 5.2 Ulstrup Kraftvarmeværk/ Say Varmeværk in Denmark: Gasboiler with heat pump. Summer: air as heat source; winter: flue gas condensation as heat source. Gas engine combined with a heat pump: in Stapelfeld / Hamburg: 7

6 Project background and method P2H-Pot: Economic potentials and solutions for Power-to-Heat. Project in the research program city of tomorrow, funded by BMVIT and FFG. Partners: TUWIEN EEG, IET; Energie AG OÖ Wärme GmbH; ECOP Technologies GmbH; aqotec GmbH; ENERGIANALYSE.DK; e-think; Thermodynamic simulation of heat pump constellations Simulation of future heating demand (Invert/EE-Lab) Typology of district heating grids Future district heating expansion (Invert/EE-Lab) Load profiles of district hating (Invert/EE-Lab) Energy system optimisation and the role of heat pumps in various district heating types (HiREPS)

7 Exemplary district heating types Large urban district heating with waste incineration, industrial excess heat potential, biomass CHP and CCGT plant Large urban district heating based on waste incineration, biomass CHP and CCGT plant Medium scale urban district heating based on biomass CHP Medium scale urban biomass district heating 9

8 Results

9 Optimum share of P2H in (biomass) district heating under various settings of decarbonisation scenarios Depends on economic and political side conditions Depending on grid type and existing heat supply <5% to 40% of heat supply (under favourable conditions) may be covered by P2H Share on district heat generation 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Biomass boiler Biomass CHP Electric direct Heat pump "greenfield" "greenfield" Large urban 1 Large urban 2 Medium urban 1 Medium urban 2 11 Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

10 Optimum share of P2H in (biomass) district heating under various settings of decarbonisation scenarios Depends on economic and political side conditions Depending on grid type and existing heat supply <5% to 40% of heat supply (under favourable conditions) may be covered by P2H Share on district heat generation 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Biomass boiler Biomass CHP Electric direct Heat pump "greenfield" "greenfield" Large urban 1 Large urban 2 Medium urban 1 Medium urban 2 12 Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

11 Results (1): Large urban district heating with waste incineration, industrial excess heat potential, biomass CHP and CCGT plant Hourly results under District heat generation (MW) conditions of an ambitious climate mitigation scenario, High share of base load from waste incineration and excess heat leave only limited room for biomass and P2H Storage Electric direct 150 Gas boiler CCGT Heat pump 100 Bio-CHP Excess heat 50 Waste incineration Heat demand Hours in In different scenarios, the share of biomass varies between 0% and 8% of heat supply. In different scenarios, the share of P2H varies between 0.1% and 5%. 13 Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

12 Optimum share of P2H in (biomass) district heating under various settings of decarbonisation scenarios Depends on economic and political side conditions Depending on grid type and existing heat supply <5% to 40% of heat supply (under favourable conditions) may be covered by P2H Share on district heat generation 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Biomass boiler Biomass CHP Electric direct Heat pump "greenfield" "greenfield" Large urban 1 Large urban 2 Medium urban 1 Medium urban 2 14 Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

13 Results (2): Large urban district heating based on waste incineration, biomass CHP and CCGT plant Significant share of heat provided by P2H. Flexible operation of heat pumps mainly in spring and autumn. District heat generation (MW) Hourly results under conditions of an ambitious climate mitigation scenario, Storage Electric direct Gas boiler CCGT 80 Heat pump 60 Bio-CHP 40 Excess heat 20 Heat demand Hours in In different scenarios, the share of biomass varies between 3% and 18% 15 of heat supply. In different scenarios, the share of heat pump varies between 20% and 35%. Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

14 Optimum share of P2H in (biomass) district heating under various settings of decarbonisation scenarios Depends on economic and political side conditions Depending on grid type and existing heat supply <5% to 40% of heat supply (under favourable conditions) may be covered by P2H Share on district heat generation 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Biomass boiler Biomass CHP Electric direct Heat pump "greenfield" "greenfield" Large urban 1 Large urban 2 Medium urban 1 Medium urban 2 16 Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

15 Results (3): Medium scale urban district heating based on biomass CHP District heat generation (MW) 50 Relevant share of heat generation in the heating period through heat pumps.hourly results under conditions of an ambitious climate mitigation scenario, Hours in Storage Gas boiler Bio-boiler Heat pump Bio-CHP Heat demand In different scenarios, the share of biomass varies between 58% and 82% 17 of heat supply. In different scenarios, the share of heat pump varies between 15% and 25%. Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

16 Optimum share of P2H in (biomass) district heating under various settings of decarbonisation scenarios Depends on economic and political side conditions Depending on grid type and existing heat supply <5% to 40% of heat supply (under favourable conditions) may be covered by P2H Share on district heat generation 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Biomass boiler Biomass CHP Electric direct Heat pump "greenfield" "greenfield" Large urban 1 Large urban 2 Medium urban 1 Medium urban 2 18 Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

17 Results (4): Medium scale urban biomass district heating 20 District heat generation (MW) 18 Hourly results under conditions of an ambitious climate mitigation scenario, Hours in Storage Gas boiler Bio-boiler Heat pump Heat demand In different scenarios, the share of biomass varies between 73% and 96% 19 of heat supply. In different scenarios, the share of heat pump varies between 0% and 21%. Source: HiREPS-Model-Results from the project P2H-Pot, Totschnig et al, 2017,

18 Conclusions

19 Conclusions Stronger integration of all renewable energy sources will be required to meet ambitious climate mitigation targets. Biomass and heat pumps may become an economically attractive technology portfolio (in particular beyond ). Economic effectiveness depends on future development of: Electricity price Biomass price Required temperature level (supply and return temperature) P2H and CHP are effective for hedging against short- and long-term price risks: In periods of high electricity prices, CHP will be attractive, in periods of low electricity prices P2H. Biomass (district heating) plants should be understood more and more as essential components of energy hubs, linking different sectors of a more and more integrated energy system.

20 Orig. Photo: Patrick Stargardt Thank you! eeg.tuwien.ac.at/p2h-pot