Fagerhult, Energy and the Environment

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2 Fagerhult, Energy and the Environment The cleanest energy is the energy that never needs to be produced. Since the HF campaign at the start of the Nineties we have worked actively on the energy issue. In the middle of the Nineties, the development of luminaires and lighting systems based on the T5 light source. We are now shifting from luminaire to system thinking with control.

3 Why is Fagerhult responding so quickly? The directive involves a change in the prerequisites for work concerning lighting planning. We have worked with EN for some time. Now we wish to provide information about how the energy directive and the coming EC standard, EN 15193, affects lighting related work.

4 Kyoto Agreement The Kyoto Agreement came into force in The aim is to regulate the emission of greenhouse gases in order to limit climate change. It is mainly the industrialised part of the world that has been instructed to reduce their emissions. According to the agreement, EU members shall reduce emissions by 8 % by 2010.

5 EU, Energy Directive and Kyoto 2002/91/EC The directive aims to increase the efficiency of energy performance and to reduce the import of energy to the EU. The directive is one of the EU's measures to conform to the Kyoto Agreement.

6 The Energy Directive changes the focus 2002/91/EC The directive involves the declaration of energy usage in a building. The focus is shifted from the installed output to how it is used over time, energy.

7 Energy Directive and the Standard 2002/91/EC The EC directive 2002/91/EC states what member states shall do. Common standards have been drawn up to state how it should be done. These can be adapted to different local conditions. The coming standard EN describes a harmonised method for how energy usage for lighting is to be calculated.

8 The energy directive, the standard and time 2002/91/EC The EC directive 2002/91/EC was adopted in December 2002 and came into force on January 4, The standard EN , has not yet been adopted. Voting is to take place in the autumn of 2006 and it is expected to be published at the beginning of 2007.

9 Energy Directive 2002/91/EC The aim of the directive is to promote improvements in the energy performance of buildings by taking into consideration: - natural light - outdoor climate - local conditions - demands on the indoor climate - cost efficiency.

10 Demands are established concerning: 2002/91/EC a) The general framework for the calculation methodology for the buildings' integrated energy performance. b) Application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings. c) Application of minimum energy performance of existing large buildings that have undergone major renovation. d) Energy declaration (certification) of buildings. e) Regular inspection of boilers and air-conditioning systems in buildings and an assessment of heating installations if boilers in older buildings are more than 15 years old.

11 Energy Directive 2002/91/EC The calculation methods shall, at a minimum, integrate the following factors: a) Thermal properties b) Heating and hot water supply c) Air conditioning d) Ventilation e) Integrated lighting systems (mainly the sector not intended for residential purposes). f) Placement and orientation of the buildings g) Passive solar heating systems and sun protection h) Natural ventilation i) Conditions concerning the indoor climate

12 Energy declaration of buildings 2002/91/EC An energy declaration must be drawn up when a building is built, sold, rented or transferred. This applies to all properties. The declaration shall include data about: - energy consumption - reference values - proposals for efficiency measures

13 No regulations without exceptions 2002/91/EC Exception for buildings due to special architectural or historical values. Churches or other buildings used for spiritual and religious activities. Other buildings that are not encompassed are temporary buildings, industries, workshops and agricultural buildings with a low energy requirement.

14 pren Calculation methodology for energy performance of buildings with regard to lighting will be described in the standard EN The standard is expected to be published at the beginning of The standard is yet (February 2006) to be definitely adopted but we have a draft, pren Final voting is expected to take place in the autumn of 2006.

15 pren The draft for the new standard describes a harmonised method for how lighting's energy usage to be calculated. Consideration is taken in the standard to: - access to daylight - presence - EN

16 The indicator for the lighting's energy efficiency pren The lighting's energy efficiency in the building shall be rated by an index expressed in kwh/m 2, year (LENI*). The LENI-number is to be used to: - indicate the lighting's energy efficiency. - compare the energy efficient between different buildings with the same function. *LENI is an acronym for Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator

17 The indicator for the lighting's energy efficiency The calculation of the LENI number is made with the following formula: LENI is calculated on the lighting for the entire building. At the same time the lighting shall conform to current standards and recommendations (SS EN ). W total LENI calculated = W total / A is the sum of W light and W parasitic and is stated in kwh/year A is the building's total* interior area: (m 2 ). * The area is calculated inside the outside walls excluding non-used cellar areas and unlit rooms. pren 15193

18 To calculate energy use pren The total energy use for lighting (W total ) is calculated according to the formula and is stated in kwh/year W total = W light + W parasitic W light W parasitic is the estimated energy used to power the lighting in the building during a given period. All light sources and ballasts included. is the estimated energy* used when the lighting is extinguished. * Energy used for ballasts and control gear in standby mode and for charging emergency luminaires.

19 Calculation methods pren The LENI number can be calculated using two methods, a quick and a comprehensive. LENI = W total / A (kwh/m 2, time*) The quick method is used to gain an estimate of the annual energy used for a number of typical building types. The comprehensive method permits an exact determination of the energy used and can be used for all types of buildings and zones within buildings. Using the comprehensive method you can calculate for a selected period (not only the whole year). * The basic formula is the same for both methods. The quick method can only be calculated on an annual basis, including annual, monthly or hourly basis.

20 How is the lighting's output affected? pren W light P n F C F D F O Total installed lighting output Reduction factor for constant light Reduction factor for incident light Reduction factor depending on presence - Installed output for all luminaires (P i ) within the room or the one, (W) - Retention factor (β) - Maintenance plan - F C =(1+MF)/2 or F C =0.9 - Amount of daylight (position) - Illuminance - Type of control - Utilization time -day (t D ) - Presence - Type of control - Total utilisation time day + night (t D +t N ) W light = [ (P n F C ) [(t D F D F O ) (t N F O )]] /1000 kwh/year* (tn * can be calculated on an annual basis, including annual, monthly or time basis.

21 pren How is the lighting's output affected? W parasitic Emergency lighting system Control system artificial lighting P em the charging effect for the emergency lighting t em the charging time for the emergency lighting P pc,light-off parasitic output for the control equipment with the light extinguished t Light-off standby time for the control equipment W parasitic = [ P pc,light-off x t Light-off + (P em t em )] / 1000 kwh/year* * can be calculated on an annual basis, including annual, monthly or time basis.

22 Calculation example availability of daylight pren Strong Medium Weak None In the example the availability of daylight is marked as in the illustration. The availability of daylight divides the room up into different zones. The four zones are divided into Strong, Medium, Weak or None depending on the daylight factor (D). Luminaires located in the stronger zone can utilize a larger devaluation of the utilization time, which reduces the total power consumption. D 3% 3%>D 2% 2%>D 1% 1%>D In the example the availability of daylight is calculated according to the values for latitude 52 (Watford, UK).

23 Calculation example control Daylight / Constant light control Daylight sensor: A light sensor that adapts the lighting output to the amount of incidental light (natural light). Constant light sensor: A light sensor that adapts/corrects the lighting output to the operating value according to /following the retention factor. Occupancy control Occupancy control both ignites and extinguishes the lighting automatically. After the last detection with max. 15 minutes delay the lighting is automatically extinguished. Absence control Absence control blocks the light from igniting automatically on detection. Manually ignition of the lighting is required. After the last presence detection with max. 15 minutes delay the lighting is automatically extinguished. Occupancy dimming Occupancy dimming ignites the lighting automatically on detection. Light dims to a low level, maximum 20 % of the operating value. With a short delay after the last detection, for example, from 2 min. max. 15 min., the light is automatically dimmed to the lower level.

24 pren Example cellular office according to the comprehensive method Light planning In accordance with EN Average illuminance in operation 500 lux on the working plane and 300 lux within the immediate surroundings. Lighting solution A cellular office with a workplace oriented suspended luminaire equipped with 2 x 35 W. Control system Daylight /Constant light control. Absence control. Energy use W light 47 kwh/year W parasitic 9 kwh/year W total 56 kwh/year LENI sub-area 5.8 kwh/m 2, year* W total without control will be 140 kwh/year, the saving will be 60 %

25 pren Example two-person office according to the comprehensive method Light planning In accordance with EN Average illuminance in operation 500 lux on the working plane and 300 lux within the immediate surroundings. Lighting solution A two person office with localised general lighting with four recessed luminaires 1 x 28 W. Control system Daylight /Constant light control. Absence control. Energy use W light 87 kwh/year W parasitic 30 kwh/year W total 117 kwh/year LENI sub-area 6.1 kwh/m 2, year* W total without control will be 222 kwh/year, the saving will be 47 %

26 pren Example open plan office according to the comprehensive method Light planning In accordance with EN Average illuminance in operation 500 lux on the working plane and 300 lux within the immediate surroundings. Lighting solution A large office with twenty recessed luminaires 2 x 28 W. Control system Daylight /Constant light control. Occupancy control. Energy use W light 1867 kwh/year W parasitic 141 kwh/year W total 2008 kwh/year LENI sub-area 16.7 kwh/m 2, year* W total without control will be 2682 kwh/year, the saving will be 25 %

27 pren Example classroom according to the comprehensive method Light planning In accordance with EN Average illuminance in operation 500 lux on the work plane. Lighting solution A classroom with general lighting with nine suspended luminaires 1 x 49 W. Whiteboard lighting, three 1 x 28 W. Control system Daylight /Constant light control. Absence control. Energy use W light 600 kwh/year W parasitic 71 kwh/year W total 671 kwh/year LENI sub-area 11.1 kwh/m 2, year* W total without control will be 983 kwh/year, the saving will be 32 %

28 pren Example school corridor according to the comprehensive method Light planning In accordance with EN Average illuminance in operation 100 lux on the floor. Lighting solution Corridor with daylight, general lighting seven luminaires 1 x 28 W. Control system Daylight /Constant light control. Energy use W light 90 kwh/year W parasitic 55 kwh/year W total 145 kwh/year LENI sub-area 3.8 kwh/m 2, year* Occupancy dimming. W total without control will be 305 kwh/year, the saving will be 53%

29 pren Example school corridor according to the comprehensive method Light planning In accordance with EN Average illuminance in operation 100 lux on the floor. Lighting solution Corridor without daylight, general lighting seven luminaires 1 x 28 W. Control system Daylight /Constant light control. Energy use W light 242 kwh/year W parasitic 55 kwh/year W total 297 kwh/year LENI sub-area 7.9 kwh/m 2, year* Occupancy dimming. W total without control will be 434 kwh/year, the saving will be 32%

30 Energy directive and standard 2002/91/EC The EC directive 2002/91/EC states what member states shall do. Applies from January 4. The standard EN describes how energy usage for lighting is to be calculated. The standard is expected to be published in the beginning of 2007.

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