International Seminar on Energy and Resource Productivity

Transcription

1 International Seminar on Energy and Resource Productivity University of California, Santa Barbara November 17-18, 2008

2 Robert Wilkinson, Ph.D. Director, Water Policy Program Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California, Santa Barbara

3 Government Policies to Improve Energy Efficiency and Resource Productivity

4 California Economy CA GDP: 2006 $1,727,355,000

5 Water

6 Water Supply Every major water supply system in California is over-allocated.

7 Total Water Withdrawals USGS Circular 1268, 15 figures, 14 tables (released March 2004 and revised April and May 2004) Available at:

8 Scheme Collection Transfer Distribution

9 Water for 100 years

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11 Water Use Human beings already use one-fourth of the earth s total water in natural circulation, and over half of the accessible runoff. World Water Council

12 Energy

13 Economy / Environment "This idea that there's a trade-off between the environment and economic growth is a fallacy. In California, we can prove that." David Roland-Holst,

14 As a direct result of the state's energy policies since 1972 consumers have saved $56 billion in energy costs 1.5 million full-time equivalent jobs have been created with a total payroll of $45 billion David Roland-Holst,

15 California Energy Commission Both Regulation and R&D California Building and Appliance Standards Started 1977, Updated every few years Siting Thermal Power Plants Larger than 50 MW Forecasting Supply and Demand (electricity and fuels) 15

16 California Energy Commission Research and Development ~ $80 million per year CPUC & CEC are collaborating to introduce communicating electric meters and thermostats that are programmable to respond to time-dependent electric tariffs. 16

17 14,000 Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation) (kwh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data) 12,000 10,000 United States 2005 Differences = 5,300kWh/yr = $165/capita 8,000 6,000 California 4,000 2,000 Per Capita Income in Constant 2000 $ % change 0 US GDP/capita 16,241 31,442 94% Cal GSP/capita 18,760 33,536 79%

18 Annual Energy Savings from Efficiency Programs and Standards 45,000 40,000 ~15% of Annual Electricity Use in California in ,000 30,000 GWh/year 25,000 20,000 Utility Efficiency Programs at a cost of ~1% of electric bill 15,000 10,000 Building Standards 5,000 Appliance Standards

19 Impact of Standards on Efficiency of Three Appliances = = Effective Dates of National Standards Effective Dates of State Standards Index (1972 = 100) Refrigerators Gas Furnaces Year 75% 60% Central A/C SEER = 13 25% Source: S. Nadel, ACEEE, in ECEEE 2003 Summer Study, 19

20 New US Refrigerator Use v. Time and Retail Prices 2, ,800 ~ 100 gallons Gasoline/year ~ 1 Ton CO2/year Average Annual Energy Use(kwh) or Price($) 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, $ 1,270 Refrigerator Size (cubic ft) Energy Use per Refrigerator (kwh/year) Refrigerator Price in 1983 $ $ Refrigerator volume (cubic feet) 0 0 Source: David Goldstein

21 California s Energy Action Plan California s Energy Agencies first adopted an Energy Action Plan in Central to this is the State s preferred Loading Order for resource expansion. 1. Energy efficiency and Demand Response 2. Renewable Generation 3. Increased development of affordable & reliable conventional generation 4. Transmission expansion to support all of California s energy goals. 21

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24 Water/Energy

25 Energy Use for Water California: 19% electricity 33% natural gas (non-power plant)

26 State Water Supply Systems Lester Snow, California Department of Water Resources

27 Energy Inputs to Water Systems Source Water Extraction & Conveyance Water Treatment Recycled Water Treatment Water Distribution Recycled Water Distribution End-Use Agricultural Residential Commercial Industrial Wastewater Discharge Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Collection Source

28 State Water Project

29 SWP Pumping Facilities

30 SWP Pumping Facilities Incremental and Cumulative Energy Inputs and Generation East Branch East Branch Extension, Phase 1A (Operational as of September, 2002) West Branch Coastal Branch

31 Energy Intensity of Selected Water Supply Sources in Southern California Efficiency Reuse (IEUA) Reuse (West Basin) Reuse (With RO) GW (West Basin) GW (IEUA) GW Ion Exchange GW (RO) CO River (MWD) SWP West Branch SWP Coastal Branch SWP East Branch SWP at Crafton Hill SWP at Cherry Valley Ocean Desal (West Basin) Ocean Desal (Wilkinson Estimate) Ocean Desal (Carlsbad Estimate) kwh/acre foot

32 Advanced Water Treatment

33 California Water Supply Options Low Estimate High Estimate Precipitation Enhancement Conveyance Ocean & Brackish Desalination Agricultural Water Use Efficiency (Net) Surface Storage - CALFED Recycled Municipal Water Conjunctive Mgmt & GW Storage Urban Water Use Efficiency (Applied) Additional Annual Water (million acre-feet per year)

34 Waste = Opportunity Control Benefits

35 Efficiency Options

36 Irrigation Efficiency

37 Water Withdrawals by End Use

38 Water Intensity of Energy

39 Water Intensity of Energy Thermoelectric power generation accounts for about 38% of U.S. freshwater withdrawls, and about 3% of water consumption. USGS Circular 1268, (released March 2004 and revised April and May 2004) Available at:

40 Water Intensity of Energy

41 Water for Power Production

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43 Climate

44 I say the debate is over. We know the science. We see the threat. And we know the time for action is now. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, United Nations World Environment Day Conference, June 1,2005, San Francisco

45 AB 32 Global warming poses a serious threat to the economic well-being, public health, natural resources, and the environment of California. AB32, California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, Section (a).

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47 Conclusion

48 Strategies We need to develop and implement integrated, whole-system approaches to energy and resource efficiency.

49 Robert Wilkinson, Ph.D. Director, Water Policy Program Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California, Santa Barbara