NSERC Smart Net-zero Energy Buildings strategic Research Network (SNEBRN)

Transcription

1 NSERC Smart Net-zero Energy Buildings Lukas Swan, PhD, PEng Collaborating Researcher Assistant Professor Dept of Mechanical Engineering Dalhousie University

2 Background: From SBRN to SNEBRN NSERC Strategic Research Networks Solar Buildings Research Network (SBRN) research and demonstration projects on technologically advanced optimized solar buildings and their energy systems. 25 top researchers from 11 Canadian Universities plus collaborators from government and industry. Main energy & buildings university initiative in Canada; over 100 graduate students trained, over 400 publications, innovative demonstration projects and four national conferences Research Network (SNEBRN) continue and expand the work of SBRN with focus on smart net zero energy buildings. 2

3 Background SNEBRN 29 top researchers from 15 Universities Building and energy industry leaders; key government partners NRCan, CMHC and utilities Hydro Quebec, Gaz Metro Some important facts Most of Canada is quite sunny, with cold winters Ground temperatures 6 10 C in most populated areas (lat N) Lat 53 N Degree days 5212 Edmonton Calgary Vancouver Montreal Ottawa Toronto Halifax Lat 45 N Degree days 4519 PV potential map of Canada with location of the 15 SNEBRN Universities

4 SNEBRN Vision and Network Goal Vision: to perform the research that will facilitate widespread adoption in key regions of Canada, by 2030, of optimized NZEB energy design and operation concepts suited to Canadian climatic conditions and construction practices. Influence long term national policy on buildings and communities an advantage of the strategic network approach. Goal: Investigate optimal pathways for reaching net zero energy at building and neighbourhood levels through combinations of passive systems and active technologies. Technologies include: building integrated solar systems and high performance windows with active control of solar gains, short term and seasonal thermal storage, heat pump systems, CHP and smart predictive controls that reduce/shift peak demand. 4

5 NSERC Smart Net Zero Energy Buildings Strategic Research Network Theme 1 Integrated solar and HVAC systems for buildings Theme 2 Active building envelope systems and passive solar technologies Theme 3 Mid to longterm thermal storage for buildings and communities Theme 4 Smart building operating strategies Theme 5 Technology transfer, design tools and input to national policy Theme Leaders: I. Beausoleil Morrison, S. Harrison Theme Leaders: P. Fazio, D. Naylor Theme Leaders: M. Bernier, M. Rosen Theme Leaders: A. Athienitis, R. Zmeureanu Theme Leaders: Alan Fung and Sophie Hosatte 18 researchers from SBRN + 11 new researchers 15 Canadian Universities Partners: NRCan, utilities, CMHC, building industry, PV industry, controls Build partnerships across industry sectors and disciplines 5

6 SNEBRN Partners and Linkages Solar Buildings Research Network Construction Industry Engineers, Architects, 6

7 Smart NZEB concept Integrated approach to energy efficiency and passive design. Integrated design & operation. Solar optimization: requires optimal design of building form. Optimal combination of technologies provides different pathways to reach net zero 7

8 Peak loads, demand / generation: Typical profile for NZEB (home, electric) on cold clear day Ontario has a summer (due to cooling) peak demand 27 GWe Quebec has a winter (due to heating) peak demand 38 Gwe (Jan. 24 7:30 am with To = 33 C in Montreal) NZEBs need to be designed based on anticipated operation so as to have a largely predictable impact on the grid; reduce and shift peak loads, study incentive measures (time of day rates etc) 8

9 Modeling, design and optimization of NZEBS What is the appropriate model resolution for each stage of the design? What is the role of simple tools (e.g., RETScreen, PHPP) versus more advanced detailed simulation? What other tool capabilities are needed to model new technologies such as building fabric integrated storage (PCMs), BIPV/T? IEA SHC Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52

10 Research Projects 10

11 Projects and Representative Linkages Theme 5: Technology transfer, design tools and input to national policy Theme 1: Integrated solar and HVAC systems for buildings Theme 4: Smart building operating strategies Theme 2: Active building envelope and passive solar technologies Theme 3: Mid-to-long term thermal storage for buildings and communities 11

12 Theme 1: Integrated solar and HVAC systems for buildings Key partners: NRCan, Gaz Métro, Hydro Québec, Canadian Solar, Alouette Homes, Venmar Addresses development, modeling and integration of advanced building energy systems; focuses on systems for combined water and space heating and (thermal) cooling; investigates specific subsystems, their integration into smart NZEBs, and their viability relative to conventional energy systems; identifies and develops specific components and systems that will form future demonstrations within Theme 5. 12

13 T1 T2 1.1 Integrated solar and HVAC systems for buildings T3 T4 T5 Liquid desiccant dehumidification and air conditioning Thermal cooling concepts (absorption and adsorption) Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification/cooling (Queen s U) Passive/active building integrated air based systems 13

14 T1 T2 T Solar Combined Energy Systems for Space and DHW Heating T4 T5 Development and evaluation of cost effective multi tank storage Optimization of combi systems for Canadian conditions Solar air system linked to air to water heat pump Solar assisted heat pumps Ground source heat pump with CO2 as secondary fluid (CanmetENERGY) 14

15 T1 T2 1.3 Novel HVAC Components T3 T4 T5 Energy recovery systems for NZEBs (homes) New concepts for SDHW systems Exhaust Air Flow q S Supply Exchanger Exhaust Exchanger q E P Fluid Flow Supply Air Flow Speed Controlled Pump 15

16 Theme 2: Active building envelope systems and passive solar concepts Key partners: CMHC, Alouette Homes, Kott Group, NRCan, Philips, Hydro Québec, Unicel, Canadian Solar Develop energy positive building envelope systems Net zero energy pre engineered housing envelope options Advanced curtain walls & fenestration systems Development and optimization of active and passive systems 16

17 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 2.1 Net-zero Energy Pre-Engineered Housing Envelope Options Energy performance of wall systems (e.g. SIP, double wall, panels, joints) Integration of solar technology in envelope systems. Design tools to size net zeroenergy housing for target regions. Link: 2.2 windows, 2.3 solar technologies 4.1 control strategies Kott: SIP system 17

18 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 2.2 Advanced Curtain Wall and Fenestration Systems: Towards Energy Positive Systems Energy performance of curtain wall systems with solar technologies in environmental chamber. Heat transfer (e.g. convection) in shading systems interferometry, CFD. Slat control strategies for peak load shaving. 18

19 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 2.3 Development and Optimization of Active (BIPV/T) and Passive Systems Enhance/optimize combinations of active (BIPV/T) and passive (direct gain, attached solarium) Thermal efficiency improvement and reduction of pressure drops in BIPV/T systems. Attached solarium as a retrofit option for existing houses and flat roof buildings. Concordia solar simulator Testing BIPV/T system 19

20 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Theme 3: Mid-to long-term thermal storage for buildings and communities Key partners: Gaz Métro, NRCan, Hydro Québec Improve the understanding and modeling of thermal storage systems. Study the complex integration of thermal storage into buildings and communities of various scales. Examine optimal configurations and operation strategies to achieve maximum system performance (linked to themes 1 and 4). 20

21 T1 T2 3.1: Borehole Thermal Energy Storage T3 T4 T5 Improve in ground thermal engineering of bore fields including those that experience a change of phase. Seasonal borehole temperature; as a function of community size, climates, local energy mix, and economic parameters. 21

22 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 3.2 Advanced Large Capacity Thermal Energy Storage Interaction between large in ground tanks and a bore field; develop design guidelines for buried tanks with or without bore field interaction. Stratification in large in ground tanks with bore fields; validated models of PCM and chemical storage tanks for design purposes. Develop innovative methods for incorporating PCM or chemical storage into tanks. 22

23 T1 T2 3.3 Optimization of Community-Level Seasonal Storage T3 T4 T5 Improved tools for modeling, simulation and exergy based analysis and optimization of community level seasonal storage. Okotoks solar community Enhanced seasonal storage systems for community energy systems and improved integration. 23

24 Theme 4: Smart building operating strategies Key partners: Hydro Québec, Regulvar, Philips Canlyte, NRCan, City of Saskatoon Integrate the control of building energy production systems and consumption (HVAC, lighting) Predictive control based on weather forecasting and online prediction of building response will be employed. DESIGN System configurations Component sizing Scenarios Weather Energy rates Occupancy Fixed parameters OPERATION Predictive control Supervisory strategies Local control Integrated simulation System dynamics Energy performance Performance targets Life cycle cost Pollution Comfort Iterations (optimization algorithm) Continuous commissioning; calibrated models; apply to demo projects. Integrated design and control Link to Theme 5 Twin house research facility (HQ) 24

25 T1 T2 T3 4.1 Smart building operating strategies for NZEBs T4 T5 Predictive control strategies for thermal space control Optimal utilization of solar gains (passive and active) while satisfying thermal comfort Strategies for utilizing PHEV/EVs as electric storage attached to a solar house (e.g. car at home during the daytime). Reduction of appliance loads (e.g. drying clothes with solar heated air). Application to new smart NZEB: Varennes Library 25

26 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 4.2 Ongoing commissioning of building energy systems Approach for analysis of monitored data, operating performance, and lifetime degradation. Benchmarking data from past monitored data; comparison with data from ongoing commissioning. Calibrated simulation models to estimate the asdesigned performance and potential improvements. Ice slurry cool storage Facility NRCan Application to demo projects. CanmetEnergy Varennes and Hydro Québec for a new library building (Varennes), an ice skating ring (Halifax), new institutional buildings (Montreal, Calgary, Saskatoon), and Palais des Congres (Montreal). 26

27 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 4.3 Smart Operating Strategies for Net-Zero Energy Solar Communities Solar community hybrid renewable energy system configurations strategies. Optimal predictive control for several community configurations appropriate for the Canadian context. Approach: address all relevant system dynamics to develop optimal control strategies while limiting modeling complexity. Uncertainty analysis (weather forecasting, models) Impact of human factors on smart NZEH operation. 27

28 Theme 5: Technology transfer, design tools and input to national policy Overall objective: Integrate results from themes into demonstration projects, technology transfer activities and tools, and provide input to policies / incentive measures. Tools and guidelines: Add modules of advanced technologies in software (e.g. RETScreen TM ; HOT3000). Demonstration projects with an R&D component IceKube project: Heat from ice rink facility to another facility using underground thermal storage. Okotoks Phase II (AB): Optimize seasonal storage, borehole configurations, short term storage, building envelope, and district heating systems. Varennes municipal library: new smart NZEB project work on it has started. NRCan CanmetENERGY Building (Varennes): Technology showcase 28

29 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 5.1: Approaches to Enable Existing Buildings and Communities Achieve Net-Zero Energy Expand CHREM to include capability to model technologies required to achieve NZE status Study approaches, incentive measures and strategies to facilitate conversion of existing buildings into NZEBs Develop approaches to facilitate the conversion of existing communities into NZE communities 29

30 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 5.2: Design of New Solar Communities Solar Neighbourhood Design: optimizing solar potential Renewable Energy Systems for Solar Communities Solar Community Design and Density Effects 30

31 Training and HQP plans Objective: Build capacity for building research and innovation in Canada. The Trainees will join industry, universities and government, an advantage of the Network approach. SBRN HQP meeting at Dalhousie on design tool An education committee is established for a NSERC CREATE application. Influence existing educational programs and facilitate creation of new programs. Strategic network approach enhances HQP leadership skills and facilitates sharing of resources 31

32 Major benefits to Canada and Partners Development of innovative concepts and systems for cost effective NZEBs suitable for Canada and for export; job creation. Development of smart building operating strategies; reduced/shifted peak electricity demand; increase peak electricity exports. Substantial reductions in GHG emissions from NZEB adoption, and retrofit of technologies such as BIPV/T, solar assisted heat pumps, advanced lighting and fenestration systems. Development of design procedures and tools for NZEBs. Training of over 100 HQP the leaders that will facilitate the change. 32