Austrian Energy Agency

Transcription

1 Austrian Energy Agency Implementation of EU and National Targets in the field of Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Programmes in Austria INFRA 22042, April 2006 Banská Bystrica Alois Geisslhofer page 1

2 Statutory structure of the Austrian Energy Agency - list of members see The Austrian Energy Agency Presidents Federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, Environment and Water Management Minister resp. for energy matters (Minister of Economy and Labour) President of the Conference of Governors of the Laender (provinces) Governing Board consisting of 10 members General Assembly of all 48 members Administrative bodies (Federal State, 8 of 9 Laender (provinces), City of Graz) Energy Industry (Electricity, Oil, Gas, District heating) Interest Groups (of different energy carriers, insulation industry, consumers, small hydro power...) Companies (banks, contracting firms, etc.) The Austrian Energy Agency GmbH (Ltd.) Consultancy company for non-members, a 100 % subsidiary page 2

3 Austrian Energy Agency: Internal Structure BUSINESS AREAS Energy Efficient Mobility Buildings Energy Technologies, Systems and Market Integration Energy Industry and Policy International Co-operation klima:aktiv (Programme Management of the Austrian Climate Change Programme) page 3

4 Members of Austrian Energy Agency Politics: the federal government, 8 of the 9 Austrian Länder (federal provinces), communities Economy: OMV, OMV-Cogeneration, Wiener Stadtwerke Holding, Energie AG, TIWAG, VKW, Feistritzwerke- STEWEAG, A&B, E-Control, KWI, Ökoplan, Bundesforste AG, VAMED Interest groups & Associations: IV, WKÖ, Fachverbände, AEE, Austropapier, Biomasseverband, GBV, GDI, IWO, ÖAMTC, ÖEKV, ÖVE, ÖVFK, Städtebund, VKI, VÖWGW, u.a. Banks & Insurance Companies: KKA, S-Bank, Hagelversicherung Scientific organisations & Institutes: WIFO, EIV, LEV page 4

5 Primary Energy Consumption in Austria PJ PJ total El. Import RES Coal Gas Oil negative el. = export of electricity negative el. = export of electricity page 5

6 Primary Energy Consumption in Austria 1,398 PJ in PJ = 22% Renewables 22% Coal 12% Gas 23% Electricity 1% Oil 42% page 6

7 Primary Energy Consumption from Renewables, 2004 (300 PJ or 22%) page 7

8 Electricity Consumption GWh Fossil based el. prod. Import Hydro power % hydro power 75,9 74,0 68,0 74,7 64,0 65,8 page 8 (Source: Energy Statistics 2004)

9 Energy Intensity in Austria - Decoupling of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth GDP in real terms Total Primary Energy Supply Relative Energy Consumption page 9 Index 1973=100

10 Energy intensity of GDP at PPP in kep/$95p Energy intensity of GDP at purchasing power parities in kep/$95p 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0, Russia Ukraine Estonia Bulgaria Czech Republic Slovak Republic Romania Lithuania Poland Macedonia Hungary Croatia Slovenia Latvia EUROPEAN UNION (15) Albania Austria Source: Enerdata a.s. page 10

11 Target until 2020: Increasing share of RES from 22% to 31% PJ primary energy consumption % 31% 22% 13% 16% 7% biomass hydro other renewable coal oil gas net electricity import non renewable page 11 Source: WIFO, Austrian Energy Agency

12 Principles of a sustainable energy system page 12

13 Subsidies for Bioenergy in Austria Federal subsidies Umweltförderung im Inland Austrian Program for Rural Development Green electricity act Biofuel regulations Eco-Taxes Regional subsidies Subsidies of communities page 13

14 Subsidies for domestic RES heating systems Investment subsidy % of investment Straight money usually without income limits Building subsidy Regional building subsidy grants additional money when RES is used Energy efficiency parameters are taken into account Subsidy system with loans (small interest rates: 0,5-1,5%, long pay back periods: 30 years Strict limits for family income page 14

15 Example for building subsidy in Salzburg (valid only for housing) every step = 15 /m2 additional subsidy innovative technologies ventilation with heat recovery temperature of heating backflow < 40 C Solar water heater Heat pump biomass heating insulation standard page 15 Insulation Class specific heat load [W/m²] <46-44 <44-42 <42-40 <40-38 <38-36 <36-34 <34-32 <32-31 <31-30 <30

16 klima:aktiv programs tailor-made targeted programs with the aim of market transformation in different markets running from 2004 to 2012 page 16

17 klima:aktiv objectives reduce greenhouse gas emission at low cost increase market shares of climate protecting products and services bring main stakeholders to support the common goals contribute to an innovative Austrian economy page 17

18 activities and success factors typical activities of programs activate stakeholders and create a useful network develop further education of market partners introduce quality management of new products and services marketing and public relation lobby for better framework conditions page 18

19 klima:aktiv programmes energyefficiency mobility community renewables ecofacility betriebe e5-gemeinden biogas wohnmodern spritsparen klima:aktiv klima:aktiv vor ort leben schulen bundes contracting verwaltung klima:aktiv haus tourismus energieeffiziente kommunal betriebe regional top produkte energieeffiziente beschaffung page 19 raumplanung solarwärme qmheizwerke energieholz holzwärme wärmepumpe

20 Austria has successfully introduced biomass in 5 markets Forest related industries (since 1950s) District heating of rural villages & towns (since 1980) Medium scale biomass heating projects like schools, town halls, village centres, etc. (since 1992) Wood pellet heating for single family houses (since 1995) Cogeneration of heat and power (since 2003) page 20

21 PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF WOOD PER CAPITA (2004) Quelle: EurObserver (2005) Wood Energy Barometer page 21

22 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM WOOD PER CAPITY (2004) Quelle: EurObserver (2005) Wood Energy Barometer page 22

23 Biomass use for district heating of villages Central heating plant for entire village 500 kw - 30 MW energy distribution via hot water pipes since 1980 > plants / approx MW heat load based on local initiatives supported by investment subsidies (40-50% for rural projects with agricultural background / max. 30% for enterprises) page 23

24 More than 1,000 biomass district heating plants in Austria page 24

25 Woodpellets the most comfortable biomass fuel for heating page 25

26 Pelletsdelivery without dust-disturbence page 26

27 Pellet boilers for domestic heating in single family houses kw automatic feeding, ignition and ash removal > 90% efficiency very low emissions approx. 50 mg CO / m3 page 27

28 Use of wood chips to heat large buildings Completely automatic and competitive technology page 28

29 Cumulated installed automatic woodchip and pellet boilers in Austria page 29

30 BIOHEAT: SUMMARY OF MEASURES Proposal for a RES-Heating/Cooling Directive (2006) ensure availability of biomass fuels establish efficiency criteria for biomass and the installations equipment labelling Amendment of directive on energy performance of buildings to increase incentives for RES Amendment of EcoDesign directive: study how to improve the performance of household boilers and reduce pollution Modernise district heating systems incl. fuel switch Apply reduced VAT rate for gas and electricity also for district heating page 30

31 Cogeneration of heat and power from energy wood in Austria GWh/a accumulated number of CHPs average fuel capacity [MW] average power capacity [MWel] accumulated electricity production [GWh/a] accumulated installed power capacity [MWel] MW el ; MW; number before page ,8 24, ,5 11,4 13,3 13,7 17,3 4,3 3,0 1,6 1,5 2,2 2,4 3, * 2006* Start of operation in 50 0 * Forecast

32 BIOMASS CHP PLANTS IN AUSTRIA (in operation, under construction & planned) page 32

33 Example: Biomass CHP in Timelkam 49.7 MW installed total capacity 88 GWh/a heat for district heating 14.9 MW el installed power capacity (existing turbine) 95 GWh/a electricity production feedstock: t energy wood (bark, saw mill residues, recycled wood, wood chips, etc.) project costs: 35 mio. boiler is installed now online by end of 2005 page 33 photo by Energie AG

34 New project: Biomass CHP in Vienna 65.7 MW installed total capacity heat for households 15.1/24.5 MW el installed power capacity (CHP/condensing modus) 167 GWh/a electricity production 190,000 t energy wood (100% wood chips the largest plant in Central Europe of this kind) project costs: 52 mio. ground-breaking ceremony 2 weeks ago online by mid 2006 page 34 photo by Stadtwerke Wien

35 District Heating Generation in Austria 18,000 16, : 65% of generation in CHP plants 14,000 Generation in GWh 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 electricity solar, heat pump, geothermal biomass waste oil products coal gas page 35 Source: Statistik Austria

36 Installation of Biogas Plants Austria Source: Arge Biogas (W. Graf), AEA, 2005 Power inst. (kw) Number and power of plants projected and under construction for , most of them (85%) in the 500 kw-range Power installed (bars) Number of Plants Number of Plants (Line) vor page 36

37 Biogas powerplant 2 MW for production of 800 ha agriculture area page 37

38 Biogas from energy crops St. Veit/Glan 1 MW el installed power capacity, online since 2004 project costs 2,5 mio t energy crops from 60 farmers (i.e. maize silage) 8,000-10,000 m³ biogas/ha page 38 photos by Schmack Biogas

39 Wind-energy in Austria Installed power: 819 MW in 531 plants (end 2005) (+130 MW or 65 plants in 2006 expected) Energy produced per year (2005): 1.6 TWh = 2.5% electricity consumption in Austria Special Austrian Know-how: application in mountainous areas and in cold climate page 39

40 Development of wind power in Austria in GWh GWh page 40

41 FACTS FOR NEW RES-E ACT (1/2) Overall goal: 10% of consumption produced from RES-E (excluding hydro) by 2010, no sub-target for PV No cap in terms of installed capacity, but Cap for the additional costs for new plants: additional 17 mio. p.a. from (summarising to ~100 mio. ), thereof 30% for solid biomass 30% for biogas 30% for wind energy 10% for PV and others (liquid biomass, cofiring, others) especially for PV: provinces have to cover 50% of the cost page 41

42 FACTS FOR NEW RES-E ACT (2/2) Management of the system by a new Green Electricity Management Agency contracts are given by first come first serve Tariffs itself will be defined by ordinance Tariffs have to be degressive Guarantee period 100% of the tariff paid for the first 10 years 75% in the 11 th year 50% of the tariff in the 12 th year page 42

43 ESTIMATED EFFECTS OF THE GREEN ELECTRICITY ACT ( OLD AND SUGGESTED NEW SYSTEM) % % Others (new) Others (old) Biogas (new) Production (GWh) % 6% 4% Share (% of Consumption) Biogas (old) Solid Biomass (new) Solid Biomass (old) Wind (new) Wind (old) Share % % page 43 Source: own calculations

44 Situation of Fat Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) production in Austria ( ) - capacity and production in 1,000 t/y (Source: Werner Koerbitz, Austrian Biofuel Institute, 2004; AEA) page 44

45 BIOFUELS: SUMMARY OF MEASURES Report on possible revision of the biofuels directive National targets for the market share of biofuels Biofuels obligations on fuel suppliers Sustainability certificates: certification schemes for biofuels guaranteeing minimum sustainability requirements Favorable treatment for second-generation biofuels Public procurement of clean and efficient vehicles, including those using biofuels Balanced approach in import / domestic production of biofuels Amendements to the biofuels standard increase the content of ethanol, biodiesel and other biofuels in petrol page 45

46 Implementation of the Biofuel- Directive 2003/30/EC in Austria Directive 2003/30/EG for biofuels sets national indicative targets: 2 % market share for biofuels until 31. December 2005, 5.75 % market share for biofuels until 31. Dezember 2010 National targets set: 2,5 % biofuels in October 2005 relates to t/a FAME mostly as additive to traditional diesel 5,75 % biofuels in October 2008 relates to t/a Ethanol & t/a FAME up to 5 vol % FAME ( t/a) as additive to traditional diesel t/a FAME pure in companies and municipalities page 46

47 A POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT PATH UNTIL Endenergie in GWh/a Erdgas [GWh/Jahr] Bio-Methan [GWh/Jahr] E85 Ethanol 85% [GWh/Jahr] ETBE Ethanol 47% [GWh/Jahr] F-T Diesel [GWh/Jahr] FAME Flotte [GWh/Jahr] FAME Beimischung [GWh/Jahr] Benzin & Diesel fossil [GWh/Jahr] page

48 PRECONDITIONS TO REALISE THE POTENTIAL Increase the content of biodiesel to diesel from 4.7 Vol.% to 10 Vol.% Increase the content of ETBE to petrol from 5.75 Vol.% to 15 Vol.% Create infrastructure for gas vehicles (bus and truck fleets, private vehicles) Create demand for gas and petrol vehicles page 48

49 Situation of Hydropower in Austria gross electricity consumption Energiemengen in GWh share of hydropower Erzeugung Wärmekraft Erzeugung Wasserkraft Regelarbeitsvermögen Wasserkraft BIV inkl. PSP 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Anteil der Stromerzeugung aus Wasserkraft Fossil thermal power plants Hydropower Erzeugungsanteil Wasserkraft % (Source: E-Control, AEA) page 49

50 Development of new small hydro power plants as effect of the eco-electricity act in 2004 (different Austrian provinces) in MW - production 3.3 TWh/y Quelle: E-Control Quelle: E-Control page 50

51 Annually installed photovoltaic cells in kw peak page 51

52 Electricity from renewables in EU 1997 target 2010 page 52

53 Estimated development of green electricity ( old and suggested new system) in GWh until 2013 (without hydro estimated share of 10% of domestic prod.) % % Others (new) Others (old) Biogas (new) Production (GWh) % 6% 4% Share (% of Consumption) Biogas (old) Solid Biomass (new) Solid Biomass (old) Wind (new) Wind (old) Share % % page 53 Source: own calculations

54 Feed-in tariffs for small hydro power in Europe 14,00 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 Belgien Deutschland Finnland Frankreich Griechenland Großbritannien Irland Italien Luxemburg Niederlande Österreich Portugal Schweden Schweiz Spanien Kleinwasserkraft von Kleinwasserkraft bis left bar=lowest tariff right bar= highest tariff page 54

55 Feed-in tariffs for existing small hydro power plants depending on production 6,00 5,00 Cent/kWh 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 mittlerer Preis Grenzpreis 0,00 page Mio. kwh

56 Price comparison of heating fuels in /MWh as of light fuel oil extra light fuel oil natural gas mineral coal wood pellets log wood wood chips industrial wood chips saw shavings biomass district heating energy wood energy price fuel levy grid fee utlization levy VAT bark page /MWh

57 Costs of CO 2 -reduction by RES technologies in EUR/to CO 2-equiv page 57

58 Potential für eco-electricty until 2010 in GWh: 2,000 GWh eco-electricity + 1,600 GWhsmallhydropower PV geothermal landfill & sewage gas biogas biomass wind power small hydro power Quelle: TU-Wien, Prof. Haas page 58

59 The Market for Solar Thermal Systems in Austria from 1990 to annually installed collector area in m² Total in 2005: 3 Mio. m² (including solar pool panels) Source: Faninger, 2005 page Total Installed: ca. 2,100 MW th

60 Global Installed Capacity Solar Thermal in MW th TOTAL (2003) China USA Japan Turkey installed capacity in MWth TOTAL Germany Israel Australia Greece Austria Brazil Source: Weiß/Bergmann/Faninger: "Solar Heating Worldwide: Markets and Contributions to the Energy Supply 2003", IEA-SHC 2005 page 60

61 Austria Worldwide on Top Solar Thermal in MW th per 1 Mio. Inh. (2003) installed capacity in MWth / 1 Mio. Inhabitants 700,00 600,00 500,00 400,00 300,00 200,00 100,00 0,00 Cyprus Israel Austria Greece Barbados Australia Switzerland Turkey Japan USA Source: Weiß/Bergmann/Faninger: "Solar Heating Worldwide: Markets and Contributions to the Energy Supply 2003", IEA-SHC 2005 page 61

62 From a Local Market to International Importance exported and imported collector area [m²] Austrian market share in EU-15 EU-15 A 25 % Export Import Source: Faninger, 2005 page 62

63 Breakdown of direct subsidies for solar thermal systems Federal States As of June 2002 Hot water Hot water and space heating Collector area 8 m² 16 m² Total costs including VAT (average) Federal State Subsidy share [EUR] Subsidy [%] Subsidy share [EUR] Subsidy [%] Upper Austria , ,7 Vorarlberg (15% to 20% solar heat) (more than 20% solar heat) , ,2 36,0 Burgenland , ,7 Lower Austria , ,7 Vienna , ,7 Salzburg , ,3 Tyrol , ,6 Carinthia , ,4 Styria 280 6, ,0 Source: E.V.A., own research page 63

64 Passiv-solar energy: Austrian project in Lingshed, Ladakh, India page 64

65 Solar Installations in Single- Family Houses for Warm Water One-family Houses Attached Houses page 65 Around buildings

66 Solar Combi-Systems for Warm Water and Partly-Solar Space Heating One-family Houses Attached Houses page 66 Around buildings

67 Solar Installations in Residential Housing Units Multi-family House, Salzburg Multi-family House, Tirol page 67 Around 850 buildings

68 Ski-Restaurant, Tyrol Solar Installations for Tourism Buildings Restaurant - Hotel, Tyrol Around buildings page 68

69 Solar Assisted District Heating with Biomass / City Net Most beautiful Solar System in Austria Award 2003 Largest Solar System in Austria 1 MWth (1.440 m²) Around 30 Large Scale Installations page 69

70 Solar Installations for Business Buildings Fa. Technische Alternative Lower Austria AEE INTEC, Styria Fa. SIKO, Tyrol Only A Few Buildings Today Fa. Sonnenkraft, Carinthia page 70

71 Solar Installations for Swimming Pools Largest Solar Installation in a Public Bath Vienna, m 2 26 Public Baths, remainder Private (total: m 2 ) page 71

72 New Markets: Fassade Collectors page 72

73 New Markets: Renovation with Solar BEFORE BEFORE AFTER AFTER page 73

74 New Markets: Renovation with Solar BEFORE AFTER page 74

75 page 75

76 Kyoto target and real emissions Emissions 2004 are at 12,4 mio. tons above Kyoto-basic year 1990 and at 22,6 Millionen tons above Kyoto-target Source: Umweltbundesamt Kyoto-Fortschrittsbericht (Feb. 2006) page 76

77 Austrian JI/CDM Programme Target and Means Main Aim Means Closing the gap between the Austrian Kyoto target and national emission reduction potential - Purchase of ERUs/CERs from JI/CDM projects (incl. financing of project-related immaterial costs) - Investment in Carbon Funds Budget 2003 EUR 1 mill EUR 11 mill EUR 24 mill. > 2006 EUR 36 mill. At least 7 mill. t CO 2e per year page 77

78 Austrian JI/CDM Programme page 78

79 Experience and Expectations Project examples (ERPA/finalised Negotiation) Technology Host Country Emission Reductions (% bought) Joint Implementation Investment costs Hydro Power Bulgaria 1,000,000 tco 2e (90%) 200,000,000 EUR Biogas Hungary 160,000 tco 2e (100%) 6,000,000 EUR Wind Park Hungary 400,000 tco 2e (100%) 60,000,000 EUR Clean Development Mechanism Hydro Power Columbia 200,000 tco 2e (90%) 10,000,000 EUR Biomass India 280,000 tco 2e (85%) 5,500,000 EUR Landfill Gas Brazil 5,400,000 tco 2e (30%) 5,000,000 EUR Wind Park China 670,000 tco 2e (90%) 50,000,000 EUR page 79

80 Example of a JI Project at Sasjad ko in Donetsk, Ukraine: Use of coal mine methan (CMM) with Austrian technologies Mio m³ coal mine methane (CMM) captured annually, drained and recovered at Zasyadko Coal Mine, will be used to produce max GWh of electricity and Gcal of gross heat, about 95 Mio. m³ purified gas for household consumption and approx. 7.2 Mio. m³ used as automotive fuel annually. page 80

81 Technical solutions 22 CMM-fired GE JENBACHER CHP units will be installed at two sites from 2005 to Each generator set has installed capacity of MW th, bringing the total installed electricity generation capacity to more than 66 MW el by the end of CMM processing and purification plant will be built in 2007.The plant would process up to 100 million m³ per year of methane Four automobile gas filling compressor plants will be installed from 2006 to 2007 (two per year). Gas with a methane content of more than 90% can be used as fuel for automotive transport. page 81

82 Methan gas as a fuel for the mine car and truck fleet page 82

83 22 new GE Jenbacher CHP engines will be installed by mid 2006 page 83

84 Collection system to capture the coal gas from mines (1,300 m deep) comes from Austria, too page 84

85 Brochure on RES in Austria page 85

86 Brochure on successful cooperation projects of Austria abroad page 86

87 Brochure on best practice RES projects of Austria abroad page 87

88 AEA- Website: Energy Profiles of CEEC page 88

89 AEA information service energy quaterly magacine Energy price index (monthly) Energy subsidies & energy advice Energy systems of tomorrow Building of tomorrow Factory of tomorrow website of Austrian energy technologie page 89

90 Thank you for your attention! Österreichische Energieagentur The Austrian Energy Agency Alois Geisslhofer Head of International Cooperation Otto-Bauer-Gasse 6, A-1060 Vienna, Austria Phone Fax alois.geisslhofer@energyagency.at Internet: page 90