Introduction: What Has to Change?

Transcription

1 Technical problems and solutions for adapting a conventional system to receive strong penetration of renewable energies in the form of distributed generation Portuguese Case INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO TECNOLÓGICO TRANSFERENCIA DE TECNOLOGÍA Y VALORIZACIÓN FORMACIÓN AVANZADA CONSULTORÍA PRE-INCUBACIÓN DE EMPRESAS DE BASE TECNOLÓGICA

2 Introduction: What Has to Change? Driving forces for the future development of the electric power systems: 1) Environmental Issues: meet Kyoto protocol targets (reduce emissions by replacing fossil generation by zero emission generation, reduce network losses), increase social responsibility and sustainability, minimize visual impacts and land use 2) Replacement of Old Infrastructures (generation and grid) 3) Security of Supply 4) Increase Quality of Service (more automation and remote control) 5) Electricity Market Liberalization (energy and services) 1) Increase Renewable Generation, exploit clean coal technologies, CCGT and others 2) Increase Distributed Generation 3) Demand Side Management (increase load consumption efficiency) 2 Chile 2011

3 Stabilized technologies What Has to Change? Increase Renewable Generation 3 Chile 2011

4 What Has to Change? Increase Renewable Generation Some promising technologies 4 4 Chile 2011

5 PIONEER PORTUGAL In 2011 over MW of wind generation capacity will be installed in Iberia (peak of MW) Over 5000 MW will be in Portugal today s peak consumption is around 9000 MW Portugal: n.2 in the world in % of electricity from wind more capacity installed than Denmark Only half of the wind power is monitored at transmission level 10 million people 5 million wind kw 5 Chile 2011

6 The Portuguese electric system Key technical features (cont) Portuguese Generation System (Dec 31 st 2010) Large Hydro 3478 MW only generation 1100 MW with pumping capacity Other renewable (Special status): Wind - Co-generation - Small hydro - Photovoltaic - Ocean waves - Natural Gas Combined Cycle Coal 4578 MW 5935 MW 3705 MW 1698 MW 410 MW 122 MW 2 MW (experimental) 3829 MW 1756 MW Fuel Oil + Natural Gas 1657 MW 946 MW* Gas-Oil (fast start) 165 MW 1284 MW 990MW 1120 MW 826 MW 884 MW 1413 MW 1886 MW 946 MW 240 MW 1345 MW Total in service MW (Dec 31 st 2010) * Carregado Power Plant (710 MW) decomissioned in 31.Dec Chile 2011 Acknowledgment: REN Redes Energéticas Nacionais (kind permission: Engº Vítor Baptista)

7 The Portuguese goals for renewables The global renewable energy (RES) goals set for Portugal remain HIGH Current EU objectives for 2020 have led to the new target around 6,8 GW of wind Future 10,5 GW peak load system means: 1. Develop New Hydro schemes with pumping capabilities SO MUCH WIND NEEDS MORE PUMPING HYDRO! 2. High level of interconnection capacity (target: from current 2 to 3 GW) Target wind New hydro 430 Target Wind Capacity (2020) New Hydro Capacity (2020) 7 Chile 2011 Acknowledgment: REN Redes Energéticas Nacionais (kind permission: Engº Vítor Baptista)

8 Portugal: Wind energy generation (2010) 08 Oct MW 1,08 31 Oct - Generation 74 GWh (61% of Demand) - 75% Wind Power Peak Yearly and seasonaly shorter variations in relation to hydro source Much greater daily volatility 8 Chile 2011 Acknowledgment: REN Redes Energéticas Nacionais (kind permission: Engº Vítor Baptista)

9 The generation access rules for renewables Within the framework of transmission grid planning: 1. The TSO - REN takes into consideration the national goals for RES, hydro and wind best areas for energy facilities development and all requests from promotors to be connected in the future 2. For all network substations the corresponding maximum connection capacity is computed and published 3. REN takes into consideration all requests from Promotors for installing new generation facilities and corresponding sites B. In case of excess demand for new connections related to corresponding substation capacity, a prorata approach is applied. TSO gives information to Authorities C. Bidding schemes are set up by Authorities for new power projects using renewables, considering the substation connection capacities of receiving electricity generation 9 Chile 2011 Acknowledgment: REN Redes Energéticas Nacionais (kind permission: Engº Vítor Baptista)

10 The generation access rules for renewables 3 - Transmission or Distribution connection point 1 Wind park main power station 2 Connection line Who builds / pays / operates what 1. Wind generation, inner wind park network and main substations Constructed, paid by and remaining property of the developer 2. Connection line Constructed and paid by developer; once built, property will pass to TSO or DSO (with a few exceptions in case of DSO) 3. Connection bay Constructed by TSO or DSO and paid by the developer 4 Transmission or Distribution grid 4. Transmission or Distribution grid internal reinforcements In charge of TSO or DSO costs socialized through consumer tariffs 10 Chile 2011 Acknowledgment: REN Redes Energéticas Nacionais (kind permission: Engº Vítor Baptista)

11 What Has to Change? New Grid Management New paradigms are under development Breaking the Rules Central power station Yesterday Tomorrow: distributed/ on-site generation with fully integrated network management House Factory Trans mis s io n Ne two rk Dis tributio n Ne two rk Commercial building Storage Storage Power Local CHP plant quality device Photovoltaics power plant Flow Control Storage Storage Wind power plant Power quality device House with domestic CHP Current distribution grid management practice needs to be changed from passive to active DG control paradigm 11 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis

12 New Solutions: New Management / Control Structures Wind park centers acting as Virtual Power Plants should be developed and installed Solution already adopted for Portugal: Wind Generation Tender 12 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis

13 Additional Control Capabilities Low voltages due to short-circuits may lead to the disconnection of large shares of wind power production: Ride- through fault capabilities will attenuate the problem 0.8 p.u. 0.5 p.u. Solution already adopted for Portugal: Wind Generation Tender 13 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis

14 New Solutions: New Management / Control Structures Wind Power Forecasting Tools Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis

15 New Solutions: Storage as Way to Help Managing the System Storage technologies: Short term storage: flywheels, super-capacitors, SMES devices Medium term storage (to keep energy balance, help in frequency control, costumer peak shaving): Compressed air, flow batteries, hydro pumping storage Long term storage (transferring energy from one period to another): hydro pumping storage 15 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis

16 Metering and Smart Metering Metering at LV level has been performed on a monthly basis through an expensive procedure involving human intervention The extension of market based concepts down to the LV consumer required a more effective / almost real-time metering approach that involves: Telemetering Estimation of the consumers consumption profiles 16 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis 16

17 Metering and Smart Metering microgeneration 17 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis 17

18 Metering and Smart Metering In complement to telemetering schemes, the main advantages of the use of smart metering are: Adoption of active Demand response strategies Will enable energy savings through the use of advanced home DSM strategies Enables fast detection of network disturbances improving QoS Helps managing microgeneration 18 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis 18

19 Metering and Smart Metering The InovGrid Project Structure 19 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis 19

20 New Solutions: MicroGrid A Flexible Cell of Electric Power Systems The LV grid of the future (microgrid) with: Controllable loads Microgeneration Storage devices MC LC MGCC Energy box=mc+lc 20 Chile 2011

21 LV Grid of the Future with V2G connections Electric Vehicles (EV) are now plugged in a dispersed manner over the LV grid The Vehicle Controller (VC) has to regard the vehicle as a storage device that responds to both technical and economic signals 21 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis

22 The Vision for the Future Source: Smart Grids Vision and Strategy for Europe s Electricity Networks of the Future 22 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis

23 CONCLUSIONS High penetration of wind and hydro generation IS POSSIBLE but main challenge for TSO and DSO New approaches needed and implemented: results OK so far A wise level of centralised management is important Cooperation and coordination between TSO and DSO s and also with neighbor TSO s and RES associations are also necessary Specifications of new technical requirements for secure and flexible future system operation Revision of grid codes and rules must be done at an early stage of the process Internal changes inside TSO and DSO at planning, construction and system operations are necessary and must be implemented in time 23 Chile 2011 Acknowledgment: REN Redes Energéticas Nacionais (kind permission: Engº Vítor Baptista)

24 CONCLUSIONS Society benefits (less tangible benefits related to energy policy): Diversification of primary energy sources / reduction on energy external dependence Reduction of CO2 emissions Potential economic benefits (new economic activities, increase in job creation, improvements in social cohesion and environmental sustainability) 24 Chile 2011 Acknowledgment: REN Redes Energéticas Nacionais (kind permission: Engº Vítor Baptista)

25 Thank you! 25 Chile 2011 Seminário Energia Painel Energias Renováveis