ASHRAE Hot Climate. Frank Mills

Transcription

1 Workshop ASHRAE Hot Climate PRESENTATION Design Guide TITLE Frank Mills Frank Mills Frank Mills Consulting (44) (44)

2 Acknowledgements ASHRAE Hot Climate MTG Committee ASHRAE Publications Committee ASHRAE UK Northern section RAL and chapters around the region and. Qatar chapter

3 Outline/Agenda Aims of this guide How this guide fits with other ASHRAE publications What else is available on hot climate design Making this guide different better useful Passive design passive solar, thermal storage, daylight Air conditioning systems and equipment Hybrid systems Case studies and example calcs

4 Overview of Scope and Content INTRODUCTION ENERGY AND CARBON IN HOT CLIMATES DESIGN PROCESS AIR QUALITY DESIGN CALCULATIONS HEATING SYSTEM OPTIONS HEATING CONTROLS EQUIPMENT SIZING AND SELECTION CASE STUDIES EXEMPLARS REFERENCES STANDARDS AND CODES HEALTH AND SAFETY 28/11/2018 Frank Mills 4

5 Overview of Scope and Content Title of section Lead Author Sub authors Description Special issues INTRODUCTION Frank Mills Erich Binder Describe intended use and way to use guide. Climate change, sustainable design 28/11/2018 Frank Mills 5

6 Hot Climate guide What do you want to see in it? How do you want it written? Do you want to help? 28/11/2018 Frank Mills 6

7 Scope The basic stuff Calculations and worked examples Future ambitions low carbon? What else - World Cup in Qatar in 2020? Living in comfort when the oil runs out? 28/11/2018 Frank Mills 7

8 Guide Contents WEATHER AND HOT CLIMATES DESIGN - INDOOR ENVIRONMENT EXTERNAL AREAS COOL COMFORT PRODUCTIVITY, COMFORT, HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELLBEING PASSIVE DESIGN HYBRID DESIGN LIGHTING AND DAYLIGHT ACOUSTICS ENERGY USE AND CARBON EMISSIONS SUSTAINABILITY

9 Buildings in Hot climates need cooling Humans want comfort Avoid overheating Provide cooling and air movement Control humidity too A temperature controlled indoor environment Air conditioning does it!

10 But the world wants to be Net Zero carbon Manchester Green Summit March 2018 Mayor sets target of NZ city by 2040 Requires citizens and companies to pledge support Manchester Tyndall Centre leads Climate change research <#> 10

11 When will 1.5 C of warming occur? What are consequences of Temp rise? ADJUST research project Miami with 3 C ( 5.5 F) rise Coastal flooding with 1.5C (2.7 F) rise

12 Zero carbon means total carbon UK Building Regs and EU Directive only cover environmental energy Heat, Light, cooling, hot water, ventilation Not plug loads Not process loads Net Zero carbon means ALL energy usage.. Buildings (new and existing) Transport trains, boats, planes and cars Food and agriculture Manufacturing Everything else too <#> 12

13 CASE STUDIES Net Zero Buildings

14 ASHRAE engineers can do it! AEDGs in progress Schools Net Zero Hospitals 50% less.. Hot Climate design will show strategies

15 Passive solar design 9th November 2006

16 The LT Method Lighting and Thermal glazing and building fabric Simple to use Energy design tool First stage strategic analysis Design tool developed by the EU Directorate XII for Science, research and development Non domestic buildings Design checklists and tables

17 Handbook of tropical housing and building design Strategic analysis forward analysis, synthesis and evaluation Climatic data The Mahoney tables Indicators from tables. Layout Spacing Air movement Openings Walls Roofs Rain protection

18 Mahoney Tables Most hot climates are not always hot Climatic conditions will vary Seasonal requirements may contradict Important to prioritise Take account - severity and duration of climatic factors

19 Hot Dry climates Daytime - Hot dry air and hot dry ground temperatures 27 C (47 F) to 50 C (90 F) plus Daytime temperatures above skin temperatures Nightime - cool/cold dry air clear skies Heat lost by radiation and into cool air (convection) Humidity moderate to low Low rain falls lead to barren land areas, little natural shade

20 Hard landscaping using concrete materials heats air around building which means Nat Vent cannot cool - and will overheat

21 Mahoney Table 2 part 1 Comfort limits Humidity group AMT over 20 C AMT 15 to 20 C AMT below 15 C Day Night Day Night Day Night AMT Average mean temperature

22 Table 2 part 2 Indicators Indicators J F M A M J J A S O N D Totals Humid 1 0 Humid 2 0 Humid 3 0 Arid 1 12 Arid 2 5 Arid 3 4

23 Table 3 Design options from indicators Specifications under 8 headings.. Layout Spacing Walls Roof Outdoor sleeping Air movement Openings Rain protection

24 Openings Orientation based on 2 factors. 1 Toward the breeze prevailing in hot/humid season for the cooling effect 2 Toward the sun during cold season for heating effect of sunshine

25 Narrow streets for shading

26 Heavyweight construction, overhanging balconies for shade, air flow routes

27 Local shading adjustable to suit

28 Daylight and sunlight design

29 Atrium as a daylight feature

30 Natural ventilation

31 Education: Pendle Vale College, Burnley Project Summary: Size: 13,000m 2 Construction Cost: 30M (2006) Occupancy: 1200 pupils plus staff School opened September 2009

32 Hillside location

33 Natural Ventilation strategy Atrium Street 160m Building Width 180m

34 Ventilation Principle Long Section Ground coupling Thermal bouyancy

35 Design Validation: CFD Results and temperatures

36 Central atrium space theatre style

37 The Alhambra a masterpiece in passive solar design

38 Trees for local shade and cool air

39 Surrounded by soft landscape and gardens/farmland limits heat island effect

40 Sheltered walkways and wind towers

41 Courtyards with shade and water

42 Courtyard spaces with cloister walkways

43 Roof shades which are moveable

44 Houston tree shading

45 External cooling using waste air

46 Exhaust cool air is heavy and stays at ground level

47 Cool Energy from Water Sources Canals across the UK are being looked at as heat and cooling sources using heat pumps <#> 47

48 Toronto zero carbon cooling from Lake Ontario <#> 48

49 Conclusions Hot climate design guide deals with hot dry and hot temperate climates Passive solar as well as HVAC systems Hybrid where relevant Qatar. ASHRAE HCDG MTG is up and running Target publication in 2018 ASHRAE author workshops in progress Do you want to contribute?

50 Bibliography ASHRAE Hot and Humid design guide ASHRAE Handbooks ASHRAE AEDGs LT Method, Commission of the EU, Directorate General XII for science, research and development Handbook of Tropical Housing and building design, Koenigsburger,Ingersol,Meyhew and Szokaly

51 PANEL DISCUSSION Frank Mills