The Heat Storage. How do UK heat industry market players fit into a sustainable future? UKERC Conference. 15 th May 2018

Transcription

1 The Heat Storage UKERC Conference How do UK heat industry market players fit into a sustainable future? 15 th May 2018 Santokh Gataora Technical Director M: +44 (0) O: +44 (0) sandy.gataora@sunamp.com

2 The Heat Opportunity World energy consumption Electricity 17.5% x2.5 Heat 46% Space Heat Hot Water Process Heat Cooling Transport 27.5% Others 9% Heating without global warming, IEA, Source: IEA Electrical storage: Over invested Overcrowded High entry barriers Materials questions Heat storage: Has not changed in centuries Ripe for improvement More heat storage needed Low cost, sustainable materials

3 Specific Focus on Heat Storage: Residential Example energy energy Need to time-shift from when energy is available to when it is needed CHP Solar Thermal Solar PV Heat Pumps Biomass Waste Heat Off-peak Elec... Intermittent input Heat storage time Controlled output hot water heating time 3

4 The Basic Idea High Energy Density Melting and freezing a PCM (Phase Change Material) stores 3-4 times as much energy as heating and cooling hot water Hand warmer (melts at 58 C) High Power High power heat exchanger inside, so heat can be rapidly charged into the heat battery and equally quickly extracted high rate discharge Modular Cuboid and able to stack like Lego Cost-Effective Comparable price to Hot Water Tanks Lower Total Cost of Ownership 4

5 Sunamp heat storage material High Energy Density Sunamp PCMs (Phase Change Materials) are safe and reliable hydrated salts; Melting and freezing a PCM stores 3-4 times as much energy as heating water Hand warmer (melts at 58 C) The classis hand warmer is unstable and fails in less than 100 cycles. Sunamp needed a >10,000 cycles reliability Sunamp & University of Edinburgh Collaboration: Technical Innovations Overcame instability of original material <100 cycles before failure Patented SU58 >35,000 cycles (so far) Wouldn t always solidify (no heat) SU58 always solidifies and releases heat Slow heat transfer (no showers!) Heat exchanger inside = high flow rate hot water Key materials & HB team:

6 Proven via cycle testing latest results July 2015 January 2018 Previously undetectable degradation rate just becoming apparent after ~2.5 years and ~35,000 cycles. Peak rate 120 cycles/day (5 minute charge, 7 minute discharge & repeat) Average lowered to ~35 cycles/day due to periods when cycle rig was inactive (e.g. Moving premises). Further testing expected to confirm trendline. Courtesy of Dr David Oliver (Edinburgh), Materials Scientist & Dr Kate Fisher (Edinburgh), Composite Materials Scientist at Sunamp

7 Accelerated Commercialisation Wide Range of Storage Temperatures Sunamp Heat and Cool Batteries can be filled with different PCMs to optimise each application Freezing Cold storage Air conditioning Waste heat recovery Hot water pre-heat Hot water Space heating Industrial process heat Steam generation { -18 (0) -14 (7) -5 (23) 5 (42) 11 (52) 32 (90) 58 (136) 73 (163) 81 (178) 118 (244) Waste Heat, Thermal Buffering (-15)(-13) -21 (-6) -15 (5) -10 (14) Chiller 0 (32) 15 (59) 28 (82) 43 (109) Low temp heat pump Solar thermal High temp heat pump Boilers/Furnaces (biomass, gas, propane, oil) CHP/Co-Gen Sunamp PCMs are internally developed, and generally inorganic, non-flammable materials. Values indicate phase change temperature. Operating temperature range typically 40 >100 C (90 >200 F) around phase change temperature - consult Sunamp. Current commercial products (Space Heat & Hot Water) Near-term introduction (Q2 Q4 2018) 34 (93) Note: PCMs at different level of development and not all commercially available today 83 (181) 88 (190) 188 (370) 253 (487) T, C ( F) Electricity & Heat Co-Storage Thermoelectric, CAES, Organic Rankine Cycle, Steam Turbines

8 From material to system in production Today High Energy Density Retains PCM compactness when scaling to heat battery size (non-trivial). High Power High power heat exchanger inside, so heat can be rapidly charged into the heat battery and equally quickly extracted high rate discharge. This means can deliver 20+ litres per minute hot water for showers This means can rapidly warm a heating system (comfort & energy efficiency points) Gen 2 Heat Battery Modular Cuboid and able to stack like Lego Cost-Effective Comparable price to Hot Water Tanks Lower Total Cost of Ownership Much lower cost than electric batteries

9 Gen 1 - Proven by long duration trial (2013 to date) Trial in seven homes funded by DECC Off-peak Economy 10 electricity Air source heat pump (2.5-3x COP efficiency) Heat Battery compact storage provides time-shift: run heat pump when its cheap, use heat/hw at any time Easy retrofit installation In service for 5 winters (some still with Gen 1 heat batteries, some upgraded to Gem 2) Heat Pump Central Heating SunampStack Hot Water

10 Gen 1 - Trial Results Results and Benefits: typical running costs savings range from 45% to 57% carbon emission reductions range from 17% to 36% Spec 40 kwh Sunamp heat store Air Source Heat Pump (Daikin) Works to -25C CASE A From Electric Heat and Water CASE B From ETS and Electric Hot Water CASE C From Electric Heat and Water CASE D From Gas Heating & Hot Water This is a 2-bedroomed house with 2 working occupants. They are heavy hot water users having 2 deep baths in the morning and 2 deep baths in the evenings This is a 3 bedroomed house lived in by a young working couple, their heat and hot water usage is normal. This household had night storage heater. Comfort has improved. This is a one-bedroom house, semi detached bungalow. The occupier is an retired man who looks after his grandchildren in the early evening so the house must be warm - Achieved This is a 5-bedroomed house with 2 working occupants, 1 teenager and 1 visiting young adult. Previously mains gas heated Annual Savings on Heat and Hot Water kwh saving Bill saving CO 2 Saving 59% 56% 29.1% 8,404 KWh KgCO 2 Annual Savings on Heat and Hot Water kwh saving Bill saving CO 2 Saving 40% 45% 36% 4,921KWh KgCO 2 Annual Savings on Heat and Hot Water kwh saving Bill saving CO 2 Saving 49% 57% Not 3,291 KWh Available Not Available Annual Savings on Heat and Hot Water kwh CO Bill saving 2 saving Saving 77% 50% 46% 28, KWh KgCO 2

11 Gen 2 - Proven via large scale trial (hot water focused) Products developed and manufactured by Sunamp near Edinburgh Over 1000 tenants positively impacted with 20%+ bill and energy savings 766 Gen 2 Heat Battery Products installed in over 600 homes by Q In daily service for two years with high reliability providing hot water to circa 2000 people 4.4 MWh total storage in 2028 Heat Battery 'Red Cells'

12 Gen-3 ( UniQ ) A modular and scalable product Examples of UniQ architecture: UniQ 6 UniQ 9 UniQ 60 UniQ 3 *height for models including stand-by electric heaters Complete portfolio includes these capacities: 2, 3, 6, 9, 12kWh (residential), 30, 60kWh (C&I) Multiple modules can be easily integrated to each other to achieve the required storage capacity and functionality (thermally or electrically charged, or both) All residential products (UniQ 3 to 12) have the same footprint (370x575mm) and different heights, depending on capacity and functionality (thermally or electrically charged, or both) Cubic form factor ensures best utilisation of space Depending on installation requirements, 9kWh can be achieved by 1x UniQ 9 or by combining a 1x UniQ 6 + 1x UniQ 3 Hydraulic connections to source / sink can be placed on each major surface, e.g. front / back / side

13 Gen-3 ( UniQ ) A mature and cost effective product demand side ready from the beginning Sunamp Heat Batteries demand side ready from the beginning. Third Party HVAC Compatibility Boiler (Gas, Combi, Oil, Biomass, ) Heat Pump (Air, Ground, Water, ) Controllers (Nest, Honeywell, ) Solar Panels (PV or Solar Thermal) PV AC Controller (Power Diverter, Solic 200, ) Grid Electricity Natural Heat Heat Pump Fossil Fuel or Biomass Boiler Solar Energy PV or ST Sunamp Controllers UniQ System Controller UniQ PV DC Controller UniQ PV AC Controller SunampOS (DSM) Launched Q Full volume production by end of Q2 Mains AC Electricity DSM / ToU controller [1] PV AC Electricity Thermal PV DC Electricity Heat Battery Options Capacity (2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 30, 60 kwh) AC or DC elements (various kw) PV AC Controller Inverter [1] forthcoming functionality under the Sunamp OS brand Hot Water and/or Heat

14 Also at C&I scale 3 D W H Palletised Up to 80 kwh in <2 Tonnes Easy to transport, deliver, install (Palletways, pallet truck, forklift) First orders delivered Q Containerised Up to 15 MWh in 20-foot ISO Container (using new materials in development by Sunamp/UoE) Easy to transport, deliver, install Scale-up pathway defined Multiple temperatures (refrigeration, cooling, hot water, space heat, process heat) Meets key needs in upgrading existing plant (no increase in system water, minimum space, more energy efficiency, waste heat re-use) New system designs possible ( e.g. artificial stratification in minimal height impossible with water, district heating optimisation) Transportable heat (also known as MTES Mobile Thermal Energy Storage) at multiple scales and distances, rail, road, barge, ship

15 Application of Cold Batteries with Heat Batteries Demand peak shaving and Energy Efficiency Mains water Hot Water SU58 (58 C) Small-scale concept illustrated. Scales up well to provide cooling and hot water for leisure complex, hotel, district cooling, etc Air Con loop Renewable electricity: Can be directly driven from solar PV or wind Peak shaving: Avoid peak-time loads on electricity grid by storing cool at off-peak time Energy Efficient: 1 MWh electricity can provide both 4 MWh hot water and 3 MWh cooling SU8 (8 C) One single storage appliance can prepare air-conditioning, cold water and hot water

16 Electric Battery vs. Heat Battery BYD Lithium-ion battery 30.7dm dm 3 Sunamp Heat Battery 38kg 130mm 2.5kWh 2.5kW 2.5kWh 35kW 6,000 cycle life (to 70% capacity) >37,000 cycle life (to >95% capacity) 16% final household energy consumption is electricity Appliances 12% Lights 4% Cooking 3% 81% final household energy consumption is heat Space heating 62% Hot water 19% % household final energy consumption in UK United Kingdom housing energy fact file,

17 small loads (< 100kW) Aggregators (100kW+) Electricity Grid Sunamp OS connects aggregators to small devices Tuned for Sunamp Heat Batteries to make them aggregator agile Utilities The GAP large loads Transmission System Operators (TSO) Distribution System Operators (DSO) Aggregator (e.g. Aggregator (e.g. Aggregator (e.g. Aggregator 1 Aggregator 2 Aggregator 3 Open Energi) Open Utility) Vcharge/OVO)) Micro Aggregator SunampOS Runs in its own processor with memory, security and communications Links via API to the Heat Battery controller for state of charge, state of health and to issue commands (e.g. Charge now at 7kW ) Aggregators can plug in their own Apps via an API to offer their services (the world doesn t need another aggregator) and aggregate up hundreds of small units securely to their larger aggregation scale Control monitoring and provisioning platform Sunamp are inviting partnerships around this needed piece with other vendors including aggregators and energy storage companies e.g. Electric batteries Typically, Sunamp Heat Batteries

18 System / IP Layers Housing + input/output Electronics + Firmware API + OS PCM Heat Battery (cells) TES System Grid flexibility platform Service business (1) Note: TES = thermal energy storage 1) Possible (currently unfunded) business models 18

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