Research of the Atmosperic Transport of Local Air Pollution From Stationary Emission Source (KAP) MSc Marko Marković Kombinat Aluminijuma Podgorica

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1 G E P S U S G e o g r a p h i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n P r o c e s s i n g f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l P o l l u t i o n - R e l a t e d S e c u r i t y w i t h i n U r b a n S c a l e e n v i r o n m e n t s Research of the Atmosperic Transport of Local Air Pollution From Stationary Emission Source (KAP) MSc Marko Marković Kombinat Aluminijuma Podgorica Podgorica, Montenegro, 2-21 April, 211

2 Objectives of research Presentation of the current state of emissions and immisions within KAP's production facilities The possibility of modeling the existing emissions of air pollutants To show that: the use of technological developments from industrial best practices can control emissions to the atmosphere the check of dispersion model of pollutants is closely connected with the introduction of continuous measuring of imission concentrations of the receptor Problem of emission of pollutants was reviewed through the ecological and meteorological conditions of the site sensitivity particularly considering the necessity of making emission inventory/register of polluters, as input for emission modeling

3 Data used for the research Measurement of emmission rate and quantitativequalitative analysis of gases and particular matters with standard instrumental methods ( VAMI from Saint-Petersburg and JU CETI from Podgorice) Measurement of wind speed and direction with standard meteorological instruments (AERODROMI CG) Weather condition factors namely estimations of atmosferic class stability (RHMZCG)

4 Methods of research Basic method applied in the research includes the South West Organizing Project (SWOP ) software, New Mexico (USA) for basic modeling of air pollution. It is used for calculation of pollutant deposition rate in a certain distance from the source of emission in the downwind direction, taking in consideration the state of the atmosphere. The model is based on the theories of statistical probability Gaussian distribution. Input data for software: Stack height (m) Wind speed (m/sec) Distance (m) in downwind direction (x) and offwind direction (y) Emission rate (g/sec) Multiplier = (1/(pi x y x z x wind speed)) x e {-.5[(y/ y)^2) + (stack height / z)^2]} Deposition rate (x, y) = Multiplier x Emissions rate

5 t depositon rate SO2 up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - Nov 15, 5 Concentrations of pollutants (SO2),352,32,252 Concentrations of pollutants (SO2) at distances less than 1km,22,152 Concentrations of pollutants (SO2) at distances higher than 1km,12 offwind,52,2 -,48 downwind ownwind distance (m) Gaussian plume model is used to predict concetrations of pollutants in specific spot in ground atmosphere layer / simulate constant meteorological conditions and produces uniform plume trajectory with the highest concentration in the center of plume

6 lutant depositon rate PM up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - Nov 15, 5 Concentrations of pollutants (Particular Matter),352,32,252 Concentrations of pollutants (PM) at distances less than 1km,22,152,12 Concentrations of pollutants (PM) at distances higher than 1km offwind,52,2 -,48 downwind Gaussian plume model is used to predict concetrations of pollutants in specific spot in ground atmosphere layer / simulate constant meteorological conditions and produces uniform plume trajectory with the highest concentration in the center of plume

7 Change in deposition rate and form of the plume of flue gases with changing weather factors or classes of atmospheric stability for SO 2 emissions graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 over 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE Plume Lenght grows with increasing atmospheric stability class graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 over 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 over 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE A - Very Unstable graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE B - Moderately Unstable graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE C Slightly Unstable graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE D Neutral

8 Change in deposition rate and form of the plume of flue gases with changing emission rate Increasing of emission concentrations directly affects the increase of depositional concentration graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 over 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 over 1km - Vd (g/sec) graphic - pollutant depositon rate PM over 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE graphic - pollutant depositon rate PM over 1km - Vd (g/sec) graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE graphic - pollutant depositon rate SO2 up 1km - Vd (g/sec) graphic - pollutant depositon rate PM up 1km - Vd (g/sec) - GVE graphic - pollutant depositon rate PM up 1km - Vd (g/sec) g/s - the limit values g/s - excess Slightly Unstable.3 g/s - the limit values 5.62 g/s - average

9 Conclusions 1. Focuses of the impact of air pollution are: emission sources, transport medium and receptors 2. Elements for assessment of air pollution impact: current conditions of air quality (spatial concentration of the pollutant, pollution sources and locations, meteorology and climatology in the area) Determination of increase of the pollutant concentration Assessing the impact of the air quality and identifying measures to mitigate pollution 3. The control of pollution sources can also be achieved through the spatial planning / information on temperature and wind flow regime as well as temperature inversions

10 Conclusions (continuation) 4. In order to impact the sources of air pollution it is necessary to establish the emission cadastre which enables the development of: modeling of the air quality, modeling of exposure and assesment of healt, follow up of the level of emission reduction, analysis of emission control expenditures and development of strategies of regulatory control / adjustment of national and regional policies 5. Taking in consideration the climate and the vicinity of settlements the sensitivity of KAP area in terms of emission is considered to be high

11 Conclusions (continuation) 6. In the same wind speed and with the reduced atmosfere instability transport occurs in higher distance but with significantly lower intensity for PM against SO 2 7. SOx pollution is controlled by dispersion (use of higher chimneys) or reduction (use of oil with low content of sulphur, desulfurization of oil and use of the system for desulphurization of the gas from the chimney). 8. In order to ensure the validity of data, besides measuring the concentration of the main pollutants in the atmosphere, it is necessary to make parallel measurements of basic meteorological elements above the given area. This is the only way to foresee the transport and effect of the emission.

12 G E P S U S Thank you Questions, Suggestions?