NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Buildings Strategic Network (SNEBRN)

Transcription

1 NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Buildings Strategic Network (SNEBRN) Josef Ayoub Network Manager Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, CANADA

2 Background: From SBRN to SNEBRN The NSERC Solar Buildings Research Network (SBRN) has performed research and demonstration projects on technologically advanced optimized solar buildings and their energy systems ( ). SBRN started in Sep. 2005: 25 top researchers from 11 Canadian Universities plus collaborators from government and industry. Main energy & buildings university initiative in Canada: over 100 graduate students trained, over 400 publications, innovative demonstration projects and four national conferences. SNEBRN is a network that will continue and expand the work of SBRN with focus on smart NZEBs.

3 Background - SNEBRN 29 top researchers from 15 Universities Building and energy industry leaders; key government partners NRCan, utilities Hydro Quebec, Gaz-Metro, industry Some important facts Most of Canada is quite sunny, with cold winters Ground temperatures 6-10 C in most populated areas (lat N) Lat 53 N Degree-days 5212 Vancouver Edmonton Calgary Montreal Ottawa Toronto Halifax Lat 45 N Degree-days 4519

4 SNEBRN Vision and Network Goal Vision: to perform the research that will facilitate widespread adoption in key regions of Canada by 2030 of optimized NEB energy design and operation concepts suited to Canadian climatic conditions and construction practices. Aim: Influence long-term national policy on buildings and communities an advantage of the strategic network approach. Goal: Investigate optimal pathways for reaching net-zero energy at building and neighborhood levels through combinations of passive systems and active technologies. Technologies include: Building-integrated solar systems High performance windows with active control of solar gains short-term and seasonal thermal storage Heat pump systems Combined heat and power (CHP), and smart predictive controls that reduce/shift peak demand.

5 NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Buildings Strategic Research Network Construction Industry, Engineers, Architects,

6 SNEBRN Research Streams Theme 1 Integrated solar and HVAC systems for buildings Theme 2 Active building envelope systems and passive solar technologies Theme 3 Mid-to longterm thermal storage for buildings and communities Theme 4 Smart building operating strategies Theme 5 Technology transfer, design tools and input to national policy Prof. I. Beausoleil- Morrison S. Harrison Prof. P. Fazio Prof. D. Naylor M. Bernier M. Rosen Prof. A.Athienitis Prof. Zmeureanu Prof. A. Fung Dr. S. Hosatte 29 Professors/researchers (18 from SBRN +1 new) from 15 Canadian Universities Partners: Federal government (NRCan), utilities, industry (solar PV and thermal, building sector, controls) and industry associations $6.5 million / 5 years Build partnerships across industry sectors and disciplines

7 Smart NZEB concept Integrated approach to energy efficiency and passive design. Integrated design & operation. Solar optimization: requires optimal design of building form. Optimal combination of technologies provides different pathways to reach net-zero

8 Peak loads, demand / generation: Typical profile for NZEB (home, electric) on cold clear day Ontario has a summer (due to cooling) peak demand 27 GWe Quebec has a winter (due to heating) peak demand 38 Gwe (Jan. 24 7:30 am with To = -33 C in Montreal) NZEBs need to be designed based on anticipated operation so as to have a largely predictable impact on the grid; reduce and shift peak loads, study incentive measures (time - of-day rates etc)

9 Modeling, design and optimization of NZEBS What is the appropriate model resolution for each stage of the design? What is the role of simple tools (e.g., RETScreen, PHPP) versus more advanced detailed simulation? What other tool capabilities are needed to model new technologies such as building fabric-integrated storage (PCMs), BIPV/T?

10 Path to NetZEB Emerging green energy technologies First consideration before design, efficiency, and conservation have been optimised Power Heat Phase 2 Displace fossils with on-site generation from renewables An energy education Reduce energy use through conservation Dispelling the cost myth whole building approach Deliver efficiency W/O inconvenience The value of good design Invest in doing it right! Reduce interior Demand loads Improve building envelope Integrate passive solar design Phase 1 Demand abatement & improved Energy productivity Pogharian/Ayoub

11 Research Projects

12 Projects and Representative Linkages Theme 5: Technology transfer, design tools and input to national policy Theme 4: Smart building operating strategies Approaches to enable existing buildings and communities achieve net-zero energy Smart operating strategies for netzero energy solar communities Ongoing commissioning of energy systems in commercial buildings Design of new solar communities Smart operating strategies for net-zero energy homes and small buildings Optimization of community level thermal energy storage Innovative concepts for space heating and cooling Advanced large capacity thermal energy storage Solar combined energy systems for space and DHW heating Novel HVAC components Borehole thermal energy storage Net-zero energy preengineered housing envelope options Advanced curtain wall and fenestration systems: towards energy positive systems Development and optimization of active (BIPV/T) and passive systems as enabling technologies for NZEBs. Theme 1: Integrated solar and HVAC systems for buildings Theme 3: Mid-to-long term thermal storage for buildings and communities Theme 2: Active building envelope and passive solar technologies

13 Theme 1: Integrated solar and HVAC systems for buildings Addresses development, modeling and integration of advanced building energy systems; focuses on systems for combined water and space heating and (thermal) cooling; investigates specific subsystems, their integration into smart NZEBs, and their viability relative to conventional energy systems; identifies and develops specific components and systems that will form future demonstrations within Theme 5.

14 T1 T2 1.1 Integrated solar and HVAC systems for buildings T3 T4 T5 Liquid desiccant dehumidification and air conditioning evaluate performance of solar LD cooling/dehumidification investigate optimum operational modes/controls and configurations evaluate integration of storage and auxiliary systems Thermal cooling concepts (absorption and adsorption) investigate thermally-driven absorption and adsorption cooling devices for combined cooling/heating applications validate/improve thermodynamic and heat transfer models study (with Theme 4) predictive control methods Passive/active building-integrated air-based systems explore concepts that combine passive and active techniques to achieve high solar fraction Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification/cooling (Queen s U)

15 T1 T2 T3 T4 T Solar Combined Energy Systems for Space and DHW Heating Development and evaluation of cost-effective multi-tank storage Further develop the multi-tank thermal storage and evaluate concepts for its integration into combi-systems for Canada. Solar air system linked to air-to-water heat pump Optimization of combi-systems for Canadian conditions Optimization of system configuration and control strategies to achieve high solar fraction combi-systems. Solar assisted heat pumps Explore the combination of heat pump technologies into traditional solar thermal systems. Investigate a number of possible system configurations and controls to reduce complexity and increase system efficiency. Ground source heat pump with CO2 as secondary fluid (CanmetENERGY)

16 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 1.3 Novel HVAC Components Energy recovery systems for NZEBs (homes) Develop HVAC systems appropriate for Canada; e.g. a compact integrated HRV/ERV/economizer based multi-zone variable-capacity AHU with recirculation capability and optimized control; Evaluate potential of run-around membrane energy exchanger (RAMEE) to reduce the energy required to heat ventilation air; Design and validate existing and new component and system models for grey water heat recovery systems. New concepts for SDHW systems Identify designs that reduce material content and weight while maintaining performance; increase ease of installation and integrate with existing building systems; Investigate configurations that limit the potential of water contamination through potential hazards such as the Legionella bacterium.

17 Theme 2: Active building envelope systems and passive solar concepts Develop energy positive building envelope systems by: minimizing heat loss in winter and gain in summer optimizing solar energy collection for electricity and heat while reducing cost and increasing quality & durability by preengineering and mass producing building systems. Net zero energy pre-engineered housing envelope options Links to 2 & 3 below, storage, community Advanced curtain walls & fenestration systems Links to active & passive systems, & to solar gain control & utilization Development and optimization of active and passive systems Links to 1 &2 above, ventilation, controls

18 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 2.1 Net-zero Energy Pre-Engineered Housing Envelope Options Energy performance of wall systems (e.g. SIP, double wall), panels, joints will be studied for promising configurations; outcome: optimized designs of panels, joints, and interfaces. Integration of solar technology in envelope systems; outcome: preengineered solar building envelope systems. Design tools to size net-zero-energy housing for target regions. Link: 2.2 windows, 2.3 solar technologies 4.1 control strategies Kott: SIP system

19 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 2.2 Advanced Curtain Wall and Fenestration Systems: Towards Energy Positive Systems Study energy performance of promising curtain wall systems with solar technologies in environmental chamber and through modeling; outcome: optimized designs, integrated design tools. Studies of heat transfer (e.g. convection) in shading systems interferometry, CFD; development of simplified models for building energy simulation. Control strategies for peak load shaving; outcome: strategies to optimally control solar gains; daylighting control.

20 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 2.3 Development and Optimization of Active (BIPV/T) and Passive Systems Enhance/optimize combinations of active (BIPV/T) and passive (direct gain, attached solarium) to facilitate reaching net-zero energy while meeting comfort requirements. Improvement of thermal efficiency and reduction of pressure drops in BIPV/T systems with different PV technologies and manifold designs; snow and wind effects. Study of an attached solarium as a retrofit option for existing houses and flat roof buildings, including optimized glazing systems and BIPV/T options. Concordia solar simulator Testing BIPV/T system

21 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Theme 3: Mid-to long-term thermal storage for buildings and communities Improve the understanding and modeling of thermal storage systems. Study the complex integration of thermal storage into buildings and communities of various scales. Examine optimal configurations and operation strategies to achieve maximum system performance (linked to themes 1 and 4).

22 T1 T2 T3 3.1: Borehole Thermal Energy Storage T4 T5 Improve in-ground thermal engineering of bore fields including those that experience a change of phase; develop new cost-effective borehole designs. Optimize the temperature level of seasonal borehole storage; develop methodology to determine the optimum temperature level as a function of community size, climates, local energy mix, and economic parameters.

23 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 3.2 Advanced Large Capacity Thermal Energy Storage Improve the understanding of the interaction between large in-ground tanks and a bore field; develop design guidelines for buried tanks with or without bore field interaction. Improve the modeling of stratification in large in-ground tanks with bore fields; validated models of PCM and chemical storage tanks for design purposes. Develop innovative methods for incorporating Phase change materials (PCM) or chemical storage into tanks.

24 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 3.3 Optimization of Community-Level Seasonal Storage Develop improved tools for modeling, simulation and exergy-based analysis and optimization of communitylevel seasonal storage. Enhanced seasonal storage systems (re: efficiency, economics, environment, reliability) for community energy systems and improved integration. Enhance integration of seasonal TES schemes into communities and associated district energy systems. Okotoks solar community

25 Iterations (optimization algorithm) Theme 4: Smart building operating strategies Study ways to integrate the control of building energy production systems and consumption (HVAC, lighting) so as to optimize the net renewable energy fed into the grid and the electricity demand profiles. DESIGN System configurations Component sizing OPERATION Predictive control Supervisory strategies Local control Techniques such as predictive control based on weather forecasting and online prediction of building response will be employed. Scenarios Weather Energy rates Occupancy Fixed parameters Integrated simulation System dynamics Energy performance Performance targets Life cycle cost Pollution Comfort Continuous commissioning; calibrated models; apply to demo projects.

26 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 4.1 Smart building operating strategies for NZEBs Aim: to reduce and shift the peak net electricity supplied to or drawn from the grid in a predictable manner for optimally designed netzero energy homes / small buildings. Develop optimal predictive control strategies for thermal space control that combine charging/discharging of passive and active storage. Optimal utilization of solar gains (passive and active) while satisfying thermal comfort (link to 2.2, 2.3). Development of optimal strategies for utilizing PHEV/EVs as electric storage attached to a solar house (e.g. car at home during the daytime). Reduction of appliance loads (e.g. drying clothes with solar heated air). Application to new smart NZEB Library in Varennes, Quebec

27 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 4.2 Ongoing commissioning of building energy systems Integrated approach for analysis of monitored data, of the as-operated performance of HVAC, and degradation of energy performance with time. Development of benchmarking data from past monitored data; comparison with data from ongoing commissioning. Use of calibrated simulation models to estimate the asdesigned performance and potential improvements, retrofits: lighting, daylighting, hybrid ventilation, thermal storage, controls. Ice slurry cool storage Facility - NRCan Application to demonstration projects.

28 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 4.3 Smart Operating Strategies for Net- Zero Energy Solar Communities Modeling of solar community hybrid renewable energy system configurations for optimal control and design; development of optimal operational strategies. Models for optimal predictive control for several community configurations appropriate for the Canadian context: solar thermal systems with or without seasonal storage, BIPV and CHP, electrical storage using PHEVs. Approach: address all relevant system dynamics to develop optimal control strategies while limiting modeling complexity. Uncertainty analysis (weather forecasting, models, human factors). Impact of human factors on smart NZEH operation.

29 Theme 5: Technology transfer, design tools and input to national policy Aim: Integrate results from themes, organize demonstration projects and other technology transfer activities and, develop/enhance design techniques and tools, and provide input to policies / incentive measures. Tools and guidelines: New or updated modules of advanced technologies to be incorporated in software (e.g. RETScreen TM ; HOT3000). Demonstration projects with an R&D component IceKube project: Utilization of excess heat from refrigeration system of an ice rink facility for providing heating to another facility using underground thermal storage. Okotoks - Phase II (AB): Solar community with seasonal storage; optimal borehole configurations; optimal short-term storage; optimal building envelope design for houses coupled to district solar heating systems. Varennes municipal library: new smart NZEB project work on it has started. NRCan CanmetENERGY Building (Varennes): Technology showcase

30 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 5.1: Approaches to Enable Existing Buildings and Communities Achieve Net-Zero Energy Expand CHREM to include capability to model technologies required to achieve NZE status Develop feasible approaches, policies and strategies to achieve, encourage and support the conversion of existing communities into NZE communities Configure ESP-r/TRNSYS platform to simulate the selected technologies Configure CHREM to operate with the new ESP-r/TRNSYS platform Study approaches, incentive measures and strategies to facilitate conversion of existing buildings into NZEBs Identify typical house types for each region of Canada Identify most feasible technology retrofit options Develop policies and strategies for promoting NZEBs Develop approaches to facilitate the conversion of existing communities into NZE communities Develop "virtual" communities Community level energy integration and modeling Investigate policies and strategies for promoting NZE communities

31 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 5.2: Design of New Solar Communities Solar Neighbourhood Design: optimizing solar potential Develop optimal energy design of solar homes with BIPV, BIPV/T, solar thermal, and/or combinations of technologies Consider different building forms and layouts, and street planning Consider community peak energy generation and peak demand Renewable Energy Systems for Solar Communities Explore optimal community energy system options suitable for Canada through the development of modeling and optimization tools to maximize use of solar energy Consider energy generation and demand diversity of NZEBs in solar community energy planning systems Solar Community Design and Density Effects Identify density effects on solar community design; Consider clusters of six or more heterogeneous mix of solar buildings arrangements using conventional, new urbanism, fused-grid etc. Consider building shapes and sizes, and spaces between buildings to examine the impacts on neighbourhood energy demand and generation

32 Training and HQP plans Objective: Build up the capacity for building energy research and innovation in Canada while promoting excellence. The HQP will be the leaders that will join industry, universities and government, helping implement the tools-strategies-systems developed an advantage of the Network approach. The work of SNEBRN (and SBRN) faces the challenge of how to most effectively influence building energy design and to incorporate the new technologies in routine design. An education committee will be established that will include academics and administrators and a CREATE application will be submitted to NSERC; influence existing educational programs and facilitate creation of new programs. SBRN HQP meeting at Dalhousie on design tool Strategic network approach enhances HQP leadership skills and facilitates sharing of resources

33 HQP (compare with total from proposal) Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4 Theme 5 TOTAL Actual PhD MASc PDF UG Total Total Plan

34 Major benefits to Canada and Partners Development of innovative concepts and systems for cost effective NZEBs suitable for Canada and for export; job creation. Development of smart building operating strategies; reduced/shifted peak electricity demand; increase peak electricity exports. Substantial reductions in GHG emissions from NZEB adoption, and retrofit of technologies such as BIPV/T, solar-assisted heat pumps, advanced lighting and fenestration systems. Development of design procedures and tools for NZEBs. Formation of industry partnerships across energy and building sectors; integration of solar, heat-pump and CHP concepts with energy efficiency measures and technologies. Input to national policy on the built environment and clean energy incentive measures. Training of over 100 HQP the leaders that will facilitate the change.

35 2.3a Enhancement and optimization of the performance of BIPV/T systems progress An experiment with BIPV/T system has been set up in the solar simulator at Concordia to develop an accurate thermoelectric model for the system and to validate a numerical model Measured data from the JMSB BIPV/T system show combined electric-thermal efficiencies of up to 55%. BIPV/T prototype (JMSB) tested in vertical position; JMSB BIPV/T: Peak efficiencies (thermal + electric) of 55%

36 Thank you for your attention!

37 Integration with HVAC: Mechanical room is directly behind facade

38 Convenient location mecanical floor Three air intakes

39 Installation process Engineered system prototype. Special clamps designed to attach panels so as to allow airflow. Can be further developed to reduce installation time if solar cells can be directly integrated on transpired wall cladding. Can use curtain wall technology to reduce installation time.

40 Just 300 sq.m. was covered. Imagine possible generation with 3000 sq.m. BIPV/T

41 100 kw PV-T (solar air thermal) system on the John Molson School of Business, Concordia university, Montreal, Canada. (photo: J. Ayoub CanmetENERGY)