A single sheet of plywood can be cut to produce several smaller pieces.

Transcription

1 A single sheet of plywood can be cut to produce several smaller pieces. Engineering Design Process 1. On the grid provided in your Student Answer Booklet, draw a piece of plywood using the scale 2. On your drawing, mark the lines necessary to obtain the following pieces (ignore blade thickness): one two one two one 3. Is there any wood left over? If so, what are the dimensions of the waste? 1

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4 Engineering Design Process A group of students is designing a solar cooker. As part of the design process, the students must test a prototype to see if it is able to boil water. 1. Identify one step in the engineering design process the students should do before testing the prototype. 2. Explain why the step you identified in part (a) is important in the engineering design process as it relates to the solar cooker. 3. Identify one step in the engineering design process the students should do after they test the prototype. 4. Explain why the step you identified in part (c) is important in the engineering design process as it relates to the solar cooker. 4

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7 The diagrams below show a USB flash drive and a compact disc (CD). Engineering Design Process Both USB flash drives and CDs are very durable compared to previous storage devices. USB flash drives have replaced CDs for many applications.describe four advantages of using USB flash drives rather than CDs to transfer data. 7

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10 Engineering Design Process An isometric drawing of a metal block is shown below. All the holes pass completely through the block. 1. In your Student Answer Booklet, draw and label the front, top, and right side views of the block. Include all hidden lines. Make your drawing in proper proportion. 2. Which of these two types of drawings, the isometric drawing shown or your drawing from part (a), would an engineer give to a machinist to make a prototype of the block? Explain your answer. 10

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13 Engineering Design Process A company is planning to construct a small building and needs a scale drawing of the floor plan. Information about the building is in the box below. The building will be 42' 60'. The 60' walls will run east to west. Inside the building there will be three areas: a 42' 42' work area with four 6' wide doors, forming two 12' wide openings in the south wall an 18' 21' office with a 3' wide door in the south wall an 18' 21' storeroom with no exterior doors The office will have 3' wide doors to the work area and the storeroom. The storeroom will have a 3' wide door to the work area. 1. On the grid in your Student Answer Booklet, make a scale drawing of this floor plan. Use the scale " = 3'. On the grid, 6 squares = 1 inch. Disregard wall thickness. Assume that north is toward the top of the paper. 2. On your drawing, label each room and clearly show all doors. 13

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15 Engineering students must use the engineering design process for a class project. The problem for this class project has been identified. 1. List four other steps of the engineering design process that the students should do. Be sure to put the steps in the order in which they should be done. 2. Describe one purpose for each step you identified in part (a). Engineering Design Process 15

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18 An automobile manufacturer is considering the use of robotics to paint new cars. Manufacturing 1. Provide one reason why using robots to paint cars might increase production compared with using human workers. 2. Identify and explain two other reasons, besides an increase in production, for choosing robots instead of human workers to paint cars. 1

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21 Manufacturing A company specializes in manufacturing clothes made of delicate fabrics such as silk, lace, and nylon. The company owner is considering purchasing a robotic system that can be programmed to apply fasteners, such as buttons and snaps, to clothing items. 1. Describe two benefits of using a robotic system to apply fasteners to clothing items manufactured by this company. 2. Identify two reasons the owner of the company may not want to purchase a robotic system for the task of applying fasteners to clothing items. Explain your reasoning. 4

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24 Construction Technologies John and Samantha are moving to a city. They would like to open a music store. The building they want to buy includes enough space for the store, living quarters for John and Samantha, and a room in which John can practice the drums after the store closes at night. Before agreeing to make an offer on the property, John and Samantha go to the city hall to check the city zoning laws. 1. Identify two specific zoning laws that John and Samantha should check. 2. Explain how each zoning law you identified in part (a) would affect John and Samantha s decision on purchasing the property. 1

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27 Construction Technologies A student wants to place a 100 gal. aquarium on a 6 ft. 1.5 ft. 2.5 ft. wooden cabinet, as shown below. The floor of the student s bedroom is designed to hold 50 lb. per sq. ft. of load. The empty aquarium and cabinet weigh 30 lb. and 80 lb., respectively. One hundred gallons of water weighs 831 lb. 1. Calculate the total load exerted on the floor by the cabinet and the aquarium filled with water. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 2. Can the floor of the student s bedroom safely support the filled aquarium? Show calculations with units to justify your answer. 3. Identify the type of load on the floor that the aquarium and cabinet represent. Explain your answer. 4

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30 The diagram below shows four common tools. Construction Technologies Use the right tool for the right task is an important safety rule in any situation. 1. Describe a task for which the right tool to use is a wrench but not pliers. Explain your answer. 2. Describe a task for which the right tool to use is pliers but not a wrench. Explain your answer. 3. Describe a task for which a rubber mallet is better suited than a steel hammer. Explain your reasoning. 7

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33 Construction Technologies The diagram below shows a circus tent in a permanent location. The tent is cooled using a passive ventilation system. There is an entrance on the west side of the tent and an exit on the east side. During the months when the circus tent is used, the prevailing wind blows from west to east. 1. Describe two benefits of using a passive ventilation system rather than a traditional air-conditioning system to cool the tent. 2. Describe one function of the trees and shrubs on the west side of the tent in the passive system. 3. Based on Bernoulli s principle, describe what happens to the velocity and the pressure of the air at the entrance of the tent. 10

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36 Communication Technologies A student looking into the front of a glass aquarium filled with water notices that she cannot see through the right or left sides of the aquarium. She investigates this observation by aiming a laser pointer at the front of the aquarium and observing the path of the light. Her results are shown in the diagram below. 1. Describe what happens to the light that strikes the front glass panel of the aquarium and the light that strikes the right glass panel of the aquarium. 2. Describe in detail how the behavior of light in the student s investigation relates to fiberoptic data transmission. 1

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39 The illustration below shows three major components of a fiberoptic cable. Communication Technologies 1. Describe the function of the core and the function of the cladding. In recent years, fiberoptic cable has been replacing copper wire as a means of transmitting communication signals. 2. Describe the difference between the signals that are transmitted by fiberoptic cable and those transmitted by copper wire. The core in a fiberoptic cable can be made of plastic or glass. 3. Identify two advantages of using plastic instead of glass in a fiberoptic cable. 4

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42 Communication Technologies Many messages are sent through systems similar to the one outlined in the diagram below. An SMTP server sends messages from its users and receives messages from other servers. A POP3 server holds a user s incoming messages until the user reads them. 1. Copy the diagram into your Student Answer Booklet. On your diagram, add arrows to show the path of an sent from a user s computer at the Acme Corporation to a user s computer at the Blue Corporation. A communication system can be made up of the following components: decoder, destination, encoder, receiver, retrieval, source, storage, and transmitter. 2. Identify the part of a communication system represented by the user s computer at the Blue Corporation. Explain your answer. 3. Identify the part(s) of a communication system represented by the POP3 servers. Explain your answer. 7

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45 The diagram below shows a keyless car entry system. Communication Technologies Many cars use a keyless entry system, which allows the doors to be locked remotely. To use this system, the driver pushes a button on a small battery-operated device. The button turns on the encoder in the device. A signal is then sent to the car s electrical system, which activates the locking mechanism. 1. Identify the type of signal that travels from the button to the encoder in the battery-operated device. 2. Describe the function of this encoder and identify the type of signal sent through the air to the car. 3. Describe the function of the decoder in this keyless entry system. 4. Identify the destination in this system. 10

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48 The drawing below is a floor plan for part of a house. Heating and Cooling Systems A thermostat for the heating system will control the temperature in the large room. Four possible locations for the thermostat are shown on the plan.explain why each of the four numbered locations either is or is not a good place for the thermostat. Include the relevant heat transfer methods for each location in your answer. 1

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51 The photographs below show typical houses facing south in Vermont and in Arizona. Heating and Cooling Systems The climate in Vermont varies greatly from the climate in Arizona. Factors such as wind, solar angle, and temperature likely influenced the design of these houses. 1. Describe two features of the Vermont house design that make it uniquely advantageous to its geographical location. Explain your answers. 2. Describe two features of the Arizona house design that make it uniquely advantageous to its geographical location. Explain your answers. 4

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54 The illustration below shows the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research Station. Heating and Cooling Systems The research station is located in an area where more than eight inches of snow accumulates each year without ever melting. Architects utilized Bernoulli s principle when designing the exterior of the building. The station has an adjustable elevation and is built facing the prevailing wind direction. The front of the building slopes downward and inward. 1. Explain why the research station has an adjustable elevation. 2. Describe in detail, using Bernoulli s principle, how the inwardly sloping design of the building has an impact on snow management. 3. Describe one other possible design feature that would make a building suitable for this environment. Explain your answer. 7

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57 The drawing below shows a passive solar design for a house in Massachusetts. Heating and Cooling Systems 1. Explain why a properly sized overhang is important for this design in terms of energy efficiency in the summer. 2. Explain why a properly sized overhang is important for this design in terms of energy efficiency in the winter. 3. Which direction should the windows of the house be facing in order to increase energy efficiency during the winter? Explain your answer. 10

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60 The diagrams below represent a hydraulic system and a pneumatic system. Fluid Systems These two systems are similar in function, but system X uses oil while system Y uses air. 1. Identify which system is hydraulic and which system is pneumatic. 2. Describe one application of a hydraulic system and one application of a pneumatic system in manufacturing or transportation. 3. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of each type of system. 1

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63 Fluid systems may be open systems or closed systems. Fluid Systems 1. Contrast an open fluid system with a closed fluid system. 2. Provide one example of a closed system that contains a liquid. 3. Identify whether the type of fluid in open systems is always liquid, is always gas, or can be either liquid or gas. Provide two examples to support your answer. In a particular closed fluid system a liquid exerts a force of 360 lb. on a piston with a cross-sectional area of 12 sq. in. 4. Calculate the pressure of the liquid in the system. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 4

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66 A hydraulic system is represented below. Fluid Systems A force of 200 lb. is applied to piston X and a load is placed on piston Y. 1. Calculate the pressure exerted by piston X on the hydraulic fluid. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 2. What is the pressure that the hydraulic fluid exerts on piston Y? Explain your answer. 3. What force is exerted on piston Y to support the load? Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 4. If piston X moves down 3 in., what distance does piston Y move up? Include units in your answer. 7

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69 Fluid Systems The diagram below represents an evaporative cooling system for a house, which is suitable for use in hot, arid climates. When the fans are on, hot outside air is pulled over a water reservoir. The resulting cool, moist air is then blown into the house through the duct system. 1. Identify the two fluids used in the evaporative cooling system. 2. Identify whether the evaporative cooling system is an open system or a closed system. Explain your answer. 3. Describe one change in the evaporative cooling system that would allow more cool air to be produced. In this system, some heat is transferred by conduction between the air and the water. 4. Describe how conduction occurs between the air and the water. 10

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72 Fluid Systems The diagram below shows a storage tank, piping, and a pump for a building s sprinkler system. The sprinkler system is located in the ceiling. When the sprinkler system is on, water is pumped from the storage tank through the building s ceiling piping to the sprinkler heads. 1. Identify the sprinkler system as an open system or a closed system. Explain your answer. 2. Describe how the decrease in pipe diameter, from 1 in. to in., affects the resistance to water flow as water moves through the pipes. 3. Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using copper piping instead of PVC piping for the sprinkler system. 13

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75 Free Response Example A battery, a variable resistor, and a light bulb are shown in the circuit below. Electrical Systems 1. Explain the function of the battery in the circuit. 2. Describe what will happen to the light bulb if the variable resistor is set at 0Ω. 3. If the variable resistor is set at 18Ω, calculate the current in the circuit. Assume the resistance of the light bulb is 12Ω. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 4. Describe what will most likely happen to the light bulb if the variable resistor s resistance is increased. Explain your answer. 1

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78 Free Response Example A diagram for a simple circuit is shown below. Electrical Systems Suppose a second resistor (R2), with a resistance of 7.0 Ω, is added to the circuit in series. 1. Draw the diagram for the series circuit with the two resistors. Label the components of the new circuit. 2. Calculate the total amount of current in the new circuit. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 3. Calculate the potential difference (voltage) across each resistor, R1 and R2, in the new circuit. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 4

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81 Free Response Example Some basic electrical components found on motherboards and video cards of personal computers are listed below. diode battery resistor fuse Electrical Systems 1. Select three of the electrical components in the list. Describe the basic function of each component in an electrical circuit of a personal computer. Some circuit components found in personal computers are also used to build simple circuits in a classroom. 2. In your Student Answer Booklet, draw a circuit diagram that uses a battery, a switch, and two resistors. Make sure that in your diagram current always passes through one resistor, but only passes through both resistors when the switch is closed. Be sure to label each component. 7

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84 Free Response Example An electrical circuit can be constructed using wire, a load, and a power source. Electrical Systems 1. Identify one object that can be used as a load in an electrical circuit. Ammeters and voltmeters are instruments used to make measurements in electrical circuits. 2. Describe how to connect an ammeter to make a measurement. 3. Describe how to connect a voltmeter to make a measurement. 4. Suppose you have a simple electrical circuit with one load. Describe one measurable change in the circuit that would result from connecting a second, identical load in parallel with the first load. 10

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87 Free Response Example A simple circuit is shown below. Electrical Systems 1. Calculate the current in the circuit. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. A second resistor, R2, with a resistance of 10 Ω, is added to the circuit and placed in series with R1. 2. Calculate the total resistance in this circuit. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 3. Calculate the current in this circuit. Show your calculations and include units in your answer. 4. Describe how adding this second resistor, R2, in series affects the power output of the battery. Explain your answer. 13

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