Environmentally friendly technologies of animal fertilizers utilization

Transcription

1 Environmentally friendly technologies of animal fertilizers utilization Scrubbing container Stripping columns Precipitation tanks Biosolids screw conveyor Fine filter Coarse filter Roller press Ksawery Kuligowski, PhD. Eng. Marek Ziółkowski, Dorota Skura, Andrzej Tonderski ADM Consulting Group POMCERT University of Gdansk, BALTIC MANURE project Best practices for Intensive rearing of animals focus on resource efficient use of manure fertilizers and minimizing nutrient water run-off. Organized by Coalition Clean Baltic, Lithuanian Fund for Nature and Lithuanian Green Movement, Vilnius

2 Presentation outline 1. Intro - business as usual, reference scenario for manure 2. What does it mean that the technology is alternative? 3. The idea of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), 4. What does it mean that the technology is environmentally friendly?, 5. Analysis of environmental impacts from chosen technologies 6. Alternative technologies - examples, 7. Baltic Vision, 8. Barriers for technology development, 9. Useful tools

3 Intro BAU, reference scenario for manure Emissions Ex- Animal Sample Feeding and production Straw, sawdust Ex- Housing sample Ex- Storage Sample Stables/ Housing Storage Field application Leaching

4 TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL opposite to price What does it mean that technology is alternative? Future technologies (new, not implemented, tested, too expensive to implement), np. Struvite precipitation (clean N and P), thermal gasification Alternative technologies (new, implemented in some locations), eg. Separation, Acidification Applied technologies (incl. Basic ones), eg. Biogas Basic technologies (Business as usual), Uniwersytet eg. Gdański Fertilizing

5 The idea of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) The methodology for ecological evaluation of life cycle for a given product/ technology and its influence on the environment. Allows the impact analysis of one process on the environment during its whole cycle or comparison of environmental impacts for several processes Reference scenario Alternative scenario Main data, computational (concrete process/ product) Background data: generally available data in the datavase eg. National energy consumption break down

6 Global warming, Environmentally-friendly technology? Environmental impact indicators Ozone layer depletion/ formation, Acidification, Terestrial eutrophication, Aquatic eutrophication (N, P), Toxicity for humans, water, soil, Hazardous waste formation, Ashes/ slags formation, Large waste formation, Radioactive waste formation, Additional sources/ secondary products formation

7 Alternative scenario for Polish solid pig manure Pomorskie Centrum Badań 1.86 i Technologii kg Środowiska POMCERT (DONG Energy), 6MW, DK

8 kg CO2 eq. per FU m2 UES per FU Environmental effects of chosen technology Global warming Acidification

9 Example 1 Mechanical Separation 10 different separation technologies (screw press, centrifuge, polymers usage for coagulation and flocculation ), Mobile installations cheaper rotation between farms, Centrifuges more expensive but more efficient, Example for screw press: GEA Westfalia, Finland, centrifuge Efficiency (solid fraction): 10-25% input mass, concentration to 20-40% DM, 70-90% P, 5-20% N, Energy consumption: kwh/ m 3, Flowrate: up to m 3 /yr Investment cost: EUR, Pomorskie Centrum Badań i Technologii Readiness: Środowiska in sale, popular POMCERT in Western Europe, Bauer, screw press source: Baltic Manure WP3, agro-technology-atlas.eu

10 A) Example 2 Drum composting Flowrate m 3 / d, Retention Time days, temp o C, Rotation ca. 75 o every 10 min (30 rotations/ d), Aeration, Application example in Sweden: 3000 t horse manure, 150 t deep litter, 25 t fruit/vegetable waste per yr, product: 3000 t compost, Mass reduction for about 15%, Heat production: kwh/ yr, ECSAB, Sweden, Product Investment cost: EUR B) C) name: Quantor XL Readiness: in sales, installed on Rolunda farm in Sweden source: Baltic Manure WP3, agro-technology-atlas.eu

11 NH 3 +H + = NH 4 + Example 3 Slurry on-field acidification Insignificant acidification with 96% sulphuric acid (ph drop from 8 to 6) just before field application, precise dosing (ph sensor), + ammonia emission reduction (up to 40%), much bigger effect for broadcasting (up to 70%), + harvest increase thanks to additional (not emitted nitrogen) and sulphur (6-10% more per year), + possibility to dose other microelements to the slurry: tank inside the tank (SYREN+), + Odor emission reduction, - Optional liming needed: 1.4kg lime/ kg acid, - Feasible for large farms (from m 3 slurry/yr) with Total N > 2 kg/m 3 Investment cost ca EUR (manure production from m 3 /yr), ROI 2.5 yrs for m 3 /yr Readiness: popular in DK, DE, market success in 2 years (150 systems sold) BioCover, Denmark. Products: SYREN, SYREN+, source: Baltic Manure WP3, agro-technology-atlas.eu

12 Example 4 Split-Box Technology Scrubbing container Fine filter Stripping columns Coarse filter BioTain, Sweden, Roller press Precipitation tanks Biosolids screw conveyor Complicated process (3-stage filtration, NOH mixing, struvite precipitation, ammonia removal in the scrubber), Input: t of liquid manure/ digestate per year, Products: t solid fraction, mineral fertilizers: t struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4, KMgPO 4 ), 25 t (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4, t irrigation water, Clean water still contains organic C, so BOD high, Investment cost: EUR, Readiness: system is not in sale since May source: Baltic Manure WP3, agro-technology-atlas.eu

13 Example 5: Slurry cooling Heat pump with pipes under slatted floor, Heat recovery for own needs (buildings, water), Emission reduction of odors and GHGs, Hence, decreased ventilation demand, Is NOT feasible/ effective in Scandinavian winter, Negative environmental effect in finnish weather conditions (additional Electricity needed), Example 1: farm with 1000 fattening pigs, 60% manure cooled to 12 o C, savings: L oil, Example 2: farm with 900 fattening pigs, 2500 m 3 manure cooled, savings: 5000 L oil, Investment cost: EUR ( EUR incl. deep well in case of extra heat supplementation from the soil and utilization of the excess in the summer), Readiness: in sales, installed on 2 farms in Finland Pellon, Finland source: Baltic Manure WP3, WP5, agro-technology-atlas.eu

14 Example 6: Plasma for manure sterilization/ hydrogen gas production 2 energy streams and 2 fertilizer streams produced: ENERGY: Hydrogen gas for multi applications, Heat, FERTILIZERS: Sterile: soild and liquid manures No or insignificant Retention Time of manure subject to arc flow, Mobile solution, Sterilization-AD doesn't secure this completely, technology thus can be used as post-treatment after AD (digestate treatment) Possible to further inoculate sterilized manure to address exact crops needs, without a risk that 'bad' microbes will interfere with 'good' microbes. Gas requires no treatment in comparison to eg. syngas and can be directly used. In line with EU law forcing manure to be sterile Pomorskie Centrum Badań i Technologii Readiness: Środowiska TRL POMCERT 7 (tested in Indiana/ USA) MagneGas, USA, Poland source: direct contacts with the company

15 Baltic Vision source: Wenzel H., Projekt Baltic Manure, Work Package 5

16 Barriers in technology development Remaining technologies: In-house solid-liquid separation (source-seggregation), Incineration, Alternative co-substrates for biogas production (grasses, manure concentrates, solid fraction, algae), Reversed osmosis, Optimal feeding Barriers: Exact environmental effects not examined (emissions not calculated, leachates, surface runoffs etc.), Market for new products not ready, not adapted, not researched, Regulations/ Legislations/ Policies not following the tech. progress, Lack of few support/ subsidies/ EU grants High costs, Complicated processes, Source: Wenzel H., Projekt Baltic Manure, Work Package 5 Vilnius, Warszawa,

17 Agro-Technology Atlas TECHNOLOGIES: 11 categories, 58 descriptions, WASTE, BIOMASS, ORGANIC WASTE: Natural fertilizers (14 categories, 130 databases), Digestate, semi-products, final products, Energetic crops, straw, Industrial waste, organic, household, food, Marine biomass INTERACTIVE TOOLS

18 Thank you for your attention Ksawery Kuligowski, PhD. Eng. mobile: