INDEX. What are the renewable resources? Solar power. Wind power. Hydropower. Geothermal. Biomass. Marine power

Transcription

1 RENEWABLE RESOURCES

2 INDEX What are the renewable resources? Solar power Wind power Hydropower Geothermal Biomass Marine power

3 RENEWABLE RESOURCES A renewable resource is a resource which is replaced naturally and can be used again. Examples are: solar energy, wind, water, earth energy and biomass. Renewable resources may also include goods commodities such as wood, paper and leather.

4 SOLAR POWER With the word solar energy we mean the radiation emitted by the Sun with electromagnetic waves. Today there is a popular way to use this energy. It heats the water in special solar cell in the houses or in the factories. Today in Italy the 11% of the electricity is made by solar energy. There are installations in 8047 different cities of Italy. In Israel, there are to main stations that produce solar energy like Ashalim (Negev). There is also a hotel in Eilat called Orchidea that produces its own power by solar boards. Advantages Disadvantages Unlimited It doesn't pollute the environment It is easy and not too expansive It isn't always accessible (for example during the night or when it is raining)

5 WIND POWER Wind power is using the energy of wind to do something useful. Wind has been used since ancient times to move ships and to pump water or grind corn and grain into flour, now it is usually changed into electricity using wind turbines. Most modern wind power is generated in the form of electricity by converting the rotation of turbine blades into electrical current by means of an electrical generator. In Israel, they don't use wind power but some projects are going to be approved because it has a lot of wind potential. One of the project consist to built a big plant with two GW of power. Advantages Wind energy is common, renewable, usable in many places, clean, and works against the greenhouse effect if used to replace fossil-fuels. Disadvantages It has also some problems. Some people do not like the tall towers that can be seen from far away, and close to houses they can make a flickering shadow and have a small amount of noise.

6 HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY Hydroelectric energy is made by moving water. Hydro come from the Greek word for water. Hydroelectric energy has been in use for thousands of years. The water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydroelectric power or hydropower. The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. Hydroelectric power generates about 10% of the nation's energy. Edison s hydroelectric power plants are representative of our history. The earliest and most important facilities for the production of electric power, inaugurated between the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, were indeed hydroelectric facilities in Italy.

7 WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND AFFLUENT REUSE Mekorot views the promotion of wastewater treatment and effluents reuse for agricultural and industrial purposes, a national mission. Water reclamation for agricultural purposes have three main targets: 1. Diverting more fresh water to households as a solution to the water crisis in Israel. 2. Increasing the quantity of water for agriculture while ensuring economic viability for farmers. 3. Protecting the environment by reducing the ecological damage that untreated wastewater may cause. Looking ahead towards the next decade, Mekorot aims at resing all the effluent in Israel and stop the discharge of an annual amount of 100 million cubic meters of unused effluents to the environment. In order to meet this target, as well as to ensure the highest effluent quality, Mekorot Group invests considerable effort in the research and development, carried out in collaboration with leading organizations around the world

8 GEOTHERMAL Geothermal energy uses the heat from deep underground to make electricity. It can be used to produce steam which goes up a pipe, which then pushes a turbine. Geothermal power accounts for about % of the total electric energy production in Italy. There are 33 active geothermal plants all in Tuscany in the provinces of Grosseto, Pisa and Siena. In Israel, the most important company is Ormat Technologies Inc. Advantages Disadvantages It is a clean energy and it generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power. It requires deep wells. These areas often have volcanoes or earthquakes. It may have been caused in this way.

9 BIOMASS Biomasses include a lot of different biological materials reused in special power plants to produce electricity, for example the forest or agrarian leavings and the agricultural and food waste materials. The European Union decided to give money to emotive the use of this energy. In Italy it is very popular and consolidated thanks to the big availability of raw materials. Advantages It permits to produce energy without using petroleum It is a clean energy because the biomasses realize only a small quantity of carbon Disadvantages It is necessary to have small central and avoid the long transport of the raw materials

10 MARINE ENERGY Marine energy or marine power refers to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides, salinity, and ocean temperature differences. This energy can be harnessed to generate electricity to power homes, transport and industries. The oceans have a tremendous amount of energy and are closed to many if not most concentrated populations. Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world. In Italy the marine energy isn't used yet ;but there are a lot of projects for utilize this power. One of the projects is called REWEC3 ideated by Felice Arena, an engineer from Reggio Calabria.

11 WEB SITES