Hannover - Kronsberg un modèle à vivre - un modèle à suivre! Assestments

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1 - un modèle à vivre - un modèle à suivre! Assestments *) Partially based on contributions from Karin Rumming and Peter Schilken 1 Manfred Görg *) proklima/ 2nd IMAGINE Seminar, 27-29/11/2007, Arc & Senans/F

2 Priority aims for : highest possible quality of life Consequently and holistically appliance of all available knowledge of ecological optimisation in construction and habitation, along with urban planning and social aspects throughout the area according to the principles of Agenda 21 priority to practicality for its residents over presentation of spectacular projects wide public acceptance 2

3 Integrated Planning Process Urban Structure Complex use structure Socio-Culture Balanced social mix Environment Energetic optimisation fast connection by tram to the city District centre Water Space-saving constructions High standards of accommodation Social infrastructure Nutrition Waste Soil Landscape Open space quality Transport Environmental communication 3 Balanced social mix

4 Ecological Optimisation 4 Energy Concept Low Energy Houses ( Standard ) Quality Assurance + Qualification District Heating based on gas-fired CHP Electricity Saving Programme Renewable Energies (Wind Energy) Innovative Concepts (Passive Houses, Solar City, Micro Climate Zone, Photovoltaic) Water Concept Waste Management Scheme Soil Mangement City as Garden City as Social Habitat

5 Energetic Optimisation 5

6 Energetic Optimisation 100% 80% -7% Energetic Quality Control -17% LEH - Standard 100% = 23,800 t CO 2 per year -23% CHP/ District Heat cumaleted - 80% 60% -13% Saving Electricity 40% -20% Wind Power 20% CO 2 - Reduction + Micro Climate Zone / Photovoltaic / Solar District Heat / Passive Houses (-5% bis -10% additional) 0%

7 Low Energy Houses ( Standard ) Generally based on the City Council energy policy aims from 1992 Detailed based on a study of a local consultancy, analysing 3 efficiency standards (100, 50 and 25 Kwh/(m²a) Suggestions/objectives/instruments: max. 50 kwh/(m²a) space heat consumption (after negotiations max. 10 % to exceed allowed) defined calculation method, based on guidelines from the State Hessen monitoring by qualified engineers penalty payment of 5 /m² for exceeding the limit provision of subsidies by the local authority 7

8 Qualification... Development of handbooks ventilation heating technologies information for residents/users Workshops for architects, planners and craftsmen construction methods, construction and technologies for LEH cost efficient LEH calculation method 8

9 ... + Quality Audits 9 Audited air-tightness: n 50 (h-1); requested: 1.0

10 Electricity Saving Programme Targets: from 2,500 as reference to 1,750 kwh/a per household = 750 kwh/a or 30% reduction in general (to 1,000 kwh/(m²a) or 60% for the Passive Houses) Instruments: information leaflets advice subsidies (free energy saving bulbs, subsidies for new efficient appliances) 10 Evaluated: 2,368 kwh/(m²a), eq. 132 kwh reduction or 5,3% in general (1,750 kwh /(m²a), or -30% in the Passive Houses)

11 Wind Energy One existing plant (300 kw) and 2 new plants (1,5 + 1,8 MW) 4,500 to/a avoided CO 2 -emissions 11

12 Special innovative projects Passive Houses Photovoltaic 45 kwp = 22 t/a CO2-red. Solar City Micro Climate Zone 12

13 Climate Neutral Passive House Settlement Lummerlund 13

14 Passive Houses at : Results Measured Specific Heat Energy Consumption (without Losses of Distribution) from Relation until of Individual (1999/2001 Consumption Measuring only 1 : 9 at! Winter) 1. Heating Period 1999/2000: 14.9 kwh/(m²a) 2. Heating Period 2000/01: 13.3 kwh/(m²a) 3. Heating Period 2001/02: 12.8 kwh/(m²a) Heat Energy Consumption kwh/(m²a) Calculated under Standard Conditions: 11.6 kwh/(m²a) Calculated under standard conditions: 11.8 kwh(m²a) 14

15 Assessments Conclusions Recommendations 15

16 Factors of success in general holistic approach with the basic human needs in the centre (energy is only an instrument!) integrated planning process top down decision and realisation process to demonstrate a model project with europeanwide range general policy decision (general aims) professional studies detailled policy decisions (targets, concepts) regulations in development plans and contracts public acquisition of land with regard to the future 16

17 Factors of success for energy targets (1) 17 Concentration of advanced but approved, efficient and cost-effective energy technologies (efficiency standards, obligation to connect to district heat) combination of quality assurance (with sanctions!) with qualification measures opportunity to realize innovative concepts by investors (Passive House, Solar City, Microclimate Zone) political support by Land Niedersachsen to overcome the opposition of building companies against Standard financial support by LHH, DBU, EU to cover the higher transaction costs

18 Factors of Succes for energy targets (2) A strong and engaged Deputy Mayor as head of environmental department A stabile majority of social democrats and greens in the city council Special organisation units for ecological optimisation and communication (K/ Kuka) A (76%) municipal owned energy services utility (Stadtwerke AG), very engaged in energy efficency buildings, cogeneration and renewable energies Cumulated experiences and good networking 18

19 KUKA Enviromental Communication Agency 19

20 Failures, Problems (1) Electricity savings in general have been clearly failed. Experiences: Electricity saving need more time and long-term offers (advice and incentives) Ventilation systems without heat exchange have not been accepted by many tenants and caused many problems for the housing companies. Experiences: Resistance against all kind of ventilation systems in the future until today! 20

21 Failures, Problems (2) Conflicts about the district heat bills, because of the high fixe rates. Households had expected financial savings of the same percentage as energy savings (result of a wrong communication). Distribution losses of the district heating system are to high in relation to the low demand Evaluation results show that the Micro Climate Zone does not reduce the heat energy consumption Unsatisfactory results of solar district heating system ( Solar City ). 21

22 Obstacles and Overcoming them (1) In generally energy themes was not favoured by architects and urban planners Overcoming (partly) by the special working group K/2000, Kuka + good relationships lacking knowledge about low energy (LEH) and passive house (PH) standard Overcoming: Qualification + audits (for LEH), invitation of a investor from outside (for PH) Collective opposition of all building companies ( strike ) in the beginning against the Standard Overcoming: Providing additional subsidies for social housing + 10% tolerance 22

23 Significance of -Project for activities in following European-wide impulses of the project in general and Passive House concept in particular Start of a Passive House programme (for new buildings) in 1999 and a Factor 10-Programme (for existing buildings) in 2003 by the climate fund proklima Impuls Programme Passive House by City with targets and instruments Political decision in 2003 for a climate neutral settlement In der Rehre on the basis passive house standard with 300 dwellings (building start probably 2009) 23 Political decision in 2007 to build the 2 nd building section on -Nord with 300 dwellings in Passive House standard (realisation within the next 10 years)

24 24 Recommendations for other cities, Keys to be successfull (1) 1. Challenges of climate protection and the end of the area of cheap oil & gas require ambitious targets for the energy future of European cities: climate-neutral schemes for new buildings and new settlements 80-90% CO 2 -reduction ( factor 10 compared to the historically built situation) 2. We have the means to achieve these targets in an economical and social acceptable way 3. We have to study what are the specific local or regional conditions and resources and to formulate a specific strategy ( road map ) with quantified targets, milestones...

25 Recommendations for other cities, Keys to be successfull (2) 4. As a priority we have to give the people the right technologies for a sustainable energy future and we have not to lecture them on what they have to do daily for saving energy! 5. We have to convince the people that efficient technologies and renewable energies make the life more comfortable, more sure, more healthy and cheaper. These side benefits are the key to interest the most people and additional they can do so somewhat for the future of their children. 25

26 26 Recommendations for other cities, Keys to be successfull (3) 6. With lighthouse projects we can show, that climate-neutral concepts are not visions for the future but for today: We can create islands of sustainability today and show through them, how many advantages they have. 7. The EU and the member states should give orientations and incentives for cities do work out local and regional schemes, to create light house projects and to support the local/regional dissemination process. 8. Cities should establish local/regional energy ore climate protection agencies and funds (like proklima).

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