Andrew Klabnik Grade 9 Central Catholic High School

Transcription

1 Andrew Klabnik Grade 9 Central Catholic High School

2 Part of the water cycle Water that flows over a land surface Precipitation causes substances to enter bodies of water unchecked

3 Petroleum Pesticides Silt Fertilizers Road Salts Many other organic and inorganic chemicals

4 Combined Sewer System Allows for both storm water and waste water to enter the sanitation plant Overflow causes waste water to enter water bodies Pittsburgh s municipalities mainly have combined sewer systems.

5 Caused by an overabundance of nutrients in an ecosystem No limiting factor on algae populations Uncontrollable growth takes up resources necessary for other organisms-oxygen. Limits biodiversity Can occur naturally Occurs today by fertilizer run off

6 The water used was collected at one of the watershed s streams Collected during a time of snowmelt

7 Algal-like protist Survives in both fresh and salt water Performs photosynthesis and endocytosis Becomes dormant in negative conditions No cell wall Common experimental model

8 Flagellated, unicellular green algae Commonly found in fresh water Generally light sensitive Common experimental model No cell wall

9 To model the effects of sewer and storm water runoff on aquatic life To examine the effects of storm water runoff on algal population density

10 Null Hypothesis: The runoff effluent will not significantly affect algal population growth or survivorship Alternative Hypothesis: The runoff effluent will significantly increase algal growth.

11 macro pipette micro pipette (1000µ) tips for micro pipette 32 test tubes (borosilicate 13x100mm) sterile test tube tube racks 0.2 micron filter 32 ml Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae 32 ml Euglena gracilis algae 32 ml soil water Carolina spectrophotometer spring water wax paper 100ml conical tube Fluorescent light

12 1. Filtered water sample from Nine Mile Run Watershed stream using a micron filter. Placed water in 50 ml conical tube. 2. Filled 32 tubes with the following volumes and the selected algae. Each concentration had 4 replicates.

13 0% Effluent 0.2% Effluent 20% Effluent 40 % Effluent Algae 2ml 2ml 2ml 2ml Soil Water 1ml 1ml 1ml 1ml Runoff Water 0ml 0.1ml 1ml 2ml Spring Water 2ml 1.9ml 1ml 0ml Total 5ml 5ml 5ml 5ml

14 4. Repeated step 2 with euglena. 5. Tubes were inverted and the absorbance at 430 nanometers was recorded using a Carolina spectrophotometer. 6. Placed tubes 15 cm below a fluorescent light at 22C. 7. Recorded the absorbance of each tube every other day for 14 days

15 ANOVA Compares variation within groups to variation between groups If a p-value is less than the alpha of 0.05, it suggests that the null hypothesis can be rejected Dunnett s Test Compares each experimental group to the control individually Each experimental group is then compared to a t- critical value of 3.5

16 Absorbance ml 0.1 ml 1 ml 2 ml P-value: Days P-value:

17 Absorbance ml 0.1 ml 1 ml 2 ml P-value: Days P-value:

18 Chlamydomonas Day 6 ChlamydomonasDay 14 Euglena Day 6 Euglena Day ml 1 ml 2 ml sig sig sig sig sig Alpha=3.5

19 Accept the alternative hypothesis All p-values less than 0.05 Euglena Day 14-2 ml had the most significant effect The runoff effluent affected the algal populations The effluent increased the algal populations Most likely due to fertilizer entering stream

20 Limitations The Chlamydomonas and Euglena were not absolutely fresh due to a shipping period. The runoff entering the stream was low at the time of collection. By day 8 the Chlamydomonas appeared to be dying, even in the control. Extensions A certain chemical found in runoff could have been isolated to show a greater effect. More diverse species of algae could have been used to provide a better model for the ecosystem. 20

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22 SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Dunnett's Column Column Column Column ANOVA rce of Varia SS df MS F P-value F crit Between G E Within Gro Total

23 SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Dunnett's Column Column Column Column E ANOVA rce of Varia SS df MS F P-value F crit Between G Within Gro Total

24 Groups Count Sum Average Variance Dunnett's Column Column Column Column ANOVA rce of Varia SS df MS F P-value F crit Between G Within Gro Total

25 Groups Count Sum Average Variance Dunnett's Column Column Column Column ANOVA rce of Varia SS df MS F P-value F crit Between G E Within Gro Total