Xamk Double Degree Programme in Building Services TTMI17KD Water and sewage services in buildings JukkaRäisä

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1 1 Xamk Double Degree Programme in Building Services TTMI17KD Water and sewage services in buildings JukkaRäisä WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF COMMUNITY Water services Water services include the supply and distribution of water, and the collection and treatment of wastewater. Water is extracted from surface or groundwater reserves, and then purified and distributed to consumers in the public water supply. After it is used, water is collected in sewerage systems, and then properly treated at wastewater treatment plants before being released back into water courses. Water supply and sewerage policies are designed to guarantee the availability of good quality drinking water, and to ensure that wastewater is efficiently collected and suitably treated to acceptable standards. Pricing policies meanwhile aim to ensure that the costs of the water supply and connection to sewerage systems remain reasonable and are fairly spread among users. Local authorities are generally responsible for the provision, maintenance and improvement of the water supply and sewerage systems. Waterworks must ensure that all premises in their area are connected to an adequate water supply, while property owners and occupiers must look after the distribution of water within their properties. Local authority health inspectors have to ensure that drinking water is of good quality. Finland s 13 regional environment centers supervise the water supply and sewerage systems in their respective regions, while also controlling the planning of improvements and allocating financial subsidies for such purposes. The Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) conducts applied research related to the water supply and sewerage, and also provides useful information and practical advice, often in the form of leaflets, guides and other publications. (Source:

2 2 Water Treatment Process Follow a drop of water from the source through the treatment process. Water may been treated differently in different communities depending on the quality of the water, which enters the plant. Groundwater is water located underground and typically requires less treatment than water from lakes, rivers, and streams. Coagulation: Coagulation removes dirt and other particles suspended in water. Alum and other chemicals are add to water to form tiny sticky particles called "floc" which attract the dirt particles. The combined weight of the dirt and the alum (floc) become heavy enough to sink to the bottom during sedimentation. Sedimentation: The heavy particles (floc) settle to the bottom and the clear water moves to filtration. Filtration: The water passes through filters, some made of layers of sand, gravel, and charcoal that help remove even smaller particles. Disinfection: A small amount of chlorine is added or some other disinfection method is used to kill any bacteria or microorganisms that may be in the water. Storage: Water is placed in a closed tank or reservoir in order for disinfection to take place. The water then flows through pipes to homes and businesses in the community.

3 3 (source: Sources of raw water: - Groundwater o stable temperature, no pathogens. Soil works as a storage o treatment usually soft - Surface water o river and lakes (unsalted sources) o quality and temperature isn`t stable. Effective treatment process is required o residue of organic substance. Disinfections compulsory - Artificial groundwater o surface water is led to soil

4 4 Water Supply Network Delivers water to consumers: o Pressured network o Water towers o Underground storage tanks + Pumping o Ring circuit network o Fire safety o Stable pressure level o Water keeps flowing Branch line- system: Ring circuit network:

5 5 Fig: Installing of distribution line Fig: Plastic pressure pipe and its bend WATER TOWER: Functions: - Pressured network - Compensate of consumption - Store of fire fighting

6 6 Fig: Pressure level Connecting building to the water network

7 7 Fig: Installing of service pipe Fig: Service pipe of detached house with the casing pipe Water consumption Total water consumption =150 l/day, person 39% 22% 26% 13% Toliet Laundry Kitchen Washing

8 8 STUDENTS COPY FILL THE FOLLOWING BOXES WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF COMMUNITY