Energie Gebäude Umwelt. Prof. Dr. C. Wetter. Stegerwaldstr Steinfurt.

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2 Department Energy Buildings Environment Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christof Wetter Dipl.-Ing. Elmar Brügging M.Sc.

3 Bioethanol as Fuel State of the Art and Perspectives

4 Content Worldwide Production of Ethanol Production of Ethanol in Europe Legal Framework Production of Bioethanol in 2007 Difficulties Advantages of Decentralised Production of Bioethanol Current State E 85 in Germany Results and Recommendations

5 Production of Ethanol in 2006/2007 Worldwide Production Increase about 15,9 % to 51,3 Mio. m³/a 39,2 Mio. m³ for applications in the fuel area (76,5 %) Greatest producer: USA with about 20 Mio. m³/a 2007: 62,6 Mio. m³ (49,6 Mio. m³ in the fuel area)

6 Production of Ethanol in Europe in 2006 Europe Increase of the total production about 23 % to 3,4 Mio. m³/a Expansion of the production of bioethanol for the fuel market EU-Production of Bioethanol for the fuel sector in 2006 [in m³] : 2,3 Mio. m³ (for the fuel area) Bioethanol [m³/a] Germany EU

7 Legal Framework EU-level EU-guideline 2003/30/EG Fuelsubstitution by biogenic fuels In % (568 Mio. l/a) In ,75 % (1.567 Mio. l/a) In % (4.377 Mio. l/a) (target agreement) Proposal for the adaption of the fuel quality guideline Increase the part of bioethanol to 10 Vol.-% National Biofuel rates law Admixture commitment for biofuels since 1. January 2007 Continuous increase by rising least rates (2010) and the fixed total rates untill 2015 Tax exemption of biofuels of the second generation (i.a. E 85) untill 2015 Estimated run-off of the spirit monopoly to Discontinuation of guaranteed spirit acquisition charges Existing distilling allowance can be disposed until the end of this transition period

8 Production of Bioethanol in 2007 Difficult year for the production of bioethanol in Europe and Biodiesel Germany boom hurts baker and brewer Development on the grain and ethanol markets impair the production Discussion about the introduction Deadly fuel of sustainable criteria (biomass sustainable regulation) Biofuel destroys rain forest Advancement of E 85 as fuel The substitute dark side of the only futureweakly engery distinctive Defamation of bioethanol in the public by unobjective controlled discussions Bioethanol raises the price of tortillas

9 Price [ /t] Production of Bioethanol in 2007 Difficult economical basic conditions Strong increase of the grain prices by bad harvests and decreasing world supplies Ethanol prices (99 %) free Rotterdam are between 50 /hl and 75 /hl and are relatively stable in spite of Price development by Grain grain rising High crude corn oil prices causes false start with bioethanol This development involves: 80,00 Discontinuation of production in existing plantes 60,00 Financing of new plants is complicated 40,00 Uncertainty, missing planning reliability Ethanolprice from Brasilia in Rotterdam (Brazilian Origins - 99, fuel, undenatured) Conversion of ecologically 20,00 sensible decentralised 10,00 concepts is missing to a large extent Ethanolprice [ /hl] 70,00 50,00 30,00 0, Quelle: F.O Quelle: Landwirtschaftliches Wochenblatt Wheat Triticale Barley Corn Bioethanol factory Schwedt stopped production Total grain maize

10 Decentralised Production of Bioethanol Production of bioethanol makes ecological sense in agricultural distilleries Market potentials exist and can be substituted by agricultural distilleries with suitable economic efficiency Competitors are domestic industrial enterprises and imported goods from overseas (e.g. Brasil) Bioethanol from Brasil:approximately 0.55 /l Bioethanol from the agriculture: approximately 0.66 /l (new plant) A market ability is given only by entire exhaustion of the optimisation potentials Creation and preservation of the workplaces Because of the ecological aspects and the economic feasibility of the production of bioethanol in agricultural distilleries, a realisation of the concept makes sense The necessary technology to the energy-efficient production of bioethanol on a high technical standard exists and can be obtained on the market

11 Decentralised Production of Bioethanol Sensible recycling in agricultural distilleries is possible Separation of distillers grains Feeding the wet cake in the animal husbandry Application of the wet cake as a co-substrate in biogas plants for the production of power and heat Irrigation of the thin fraction on agricultural usable areas Application of regenerative energies to the CO 2 -reduction Integration of a biogas plant Integration of a vegetable oil fuel heating power station Use of straw firing plants for the production of the process energy Production of thermal and electrical energy Application of heat exchangers Reduction of the energy costs and improvement of the energy balance by application of biomass as an energy source

12 Farmland Silo maize Grain Straw Straw firing Digestate Electrical energy Biogas plant heat Production of bioethanol Dewatering Blending to E85 Direct marketing Separation of distillers grains Liquid manure Animal husbandry Material streams Energy streams Cows Pigs

13 Current State E 85 in Germany Tax shelter of E85 until 2015 Classification of E85 as an especially supportworthy fuel E 85 is defined as a fuel mixture with an ethanol rate between % Planning security for car industry and filling stations There are actually about 100 filling stations in Germany Free filling stations Price margin: from 0,90 to 1,20 /l vehicles: Ford, Saab and Volvo are offering E 85 vehicles - further manufacturers have announced FFV-vehicles (Renault, Porsche, )

14 Current Market Situation Support from the state is limited to the tax exemption No further incentives No own FFV-fleets etc. No national or EU-wide E85-fuel norm - Importantly for transparence of the E85-consumption values and quality assurance Limited offer in FFV-vehicles There is no top seller (e.g. VW Rabbit (Golf)) Filling station infrastructure must be further developed Approval practise must be standardised Investments for free filling station operators must remain low Partly unattractive prices of E85 Bioethanol must be profitable for the consumer Bioethanol should be marketed as special fuel (e.g. Regionol)

15 Results and Recommendations In spite of actually more difficult economic basic conditions, the concept realisation should be sped up to the decentralised production of bioethanol (e.g. demonstration plant) Application of modern and energy-efficient technology Utilisation of the available saving potentials Continual exchange of experience and information among the interested distillers Singularization of the ecological advantages of a sustainable decentralised production of E 85 To occupy the own marketing as a niche and promote on regional level strongly To create incentives and manage the total chain of production about the marketing up to consumer's hotline

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