A PM2.5 inventory for Europe

Transcription

1 A PM2.5 inventory for Europe Procedure and first results

2 Outline Background Approach First Order Draft Results Next steps

3 Background: Objective To provide a sound foundation for the establishment of national emission ceilings for PM2.5 Quality requirements: Transparency means that the assumptions and methodologies used for the inventory should be clearly explained Comparability means that estimates of emissions should be comparable among Member States Completeness means that an inventory covers all sources Accuracy is a relative measure of the exactness of an emission or removal estimate Commissioned by DG Environment Unit C5 Partners: TNO (NL, lead), AEA-T (UK) IVL (SE)

4 Background: Two related projects National experts Select_Tech S_T_ID Act_ID Tech_ID fraction Technologies Tech_ID TFEIP Guidebook PM2.5 update Activities Act_ID Sector Location Time Value Emission factors EF_ID Tech_ID Pollutant Value

5 PM2.5 emissions in Europe Approach Default EFs Internat. Stats First Order Draft Country Specific EFs Compare First Commenting Second Order Draft Country Data IIASA/RAINS PM2.5 Inventory Must be consistent! Second Commenting Inventory Accepted

6 Data sources First Order Draft Activity data PM2.5: data source activity data PM10: data source activity data Combustion in Energy Industry Fugitive emissions from Energy Manufacturing Industry Non-industrial combustion Mobile sources Industrial Processes & Product Use Agriculture Waste treatment IEA Eurostat RAINS UN Statistics IISI IISI & BREF FAO Combustion in Energy Industry Fugitive emissions from Energy Manufacturing Industry Non-industrial combustion Mobile sources Industrial Processes & Product Use Agriculture Waste treatment Emissions (kton/year) - Country data could improve these Emissions (kton/year) 2 500

7 Data sources First Order Draft Emission Factors from CEPMEIP: power plants Sum of EF Pollutant CRF/NFRCode FuelName Technology EF_Unit PM2.5 PM10 TSP 1.A.1.a Heavy Fuel Oil Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat g/gj plants: Low S-fuel with optimized burner or ESP Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat g/gj plants: Low-medium S-fuel, conventional installation Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat plants: Medium S-fuel, conventional installation g/gj Lignite/Brown Coal Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat plants: Conventional ESP (removal efficiency around 98%) g/gj Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat g/gj plants: Efficient 3 or 4-field ESP only (removal efficiency about 99.5%) Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat g/gj plants: FGD or fabric filter; <20 mg/nm3 stack PM concentration; BAT Natural Gas Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat g/gj plants: Burner with optimized combustion Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat g/gj plants: Conventional installation Other Bituminous Coal & Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat g/gj Anthracite plants: Conventional ESP (removal efficiency equal or better than 98%) Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat g/gj plants: Efficient 3 or 4-field ESP only (removal efficiency about 99.5%) Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat plants: FGD or fabric filter; <20 mg/nm3 stack PM concentration; BAT g/gj Wood and wood waste Public electricity and CHP plants: Uncontrolled conventional g/gj

8 Data sources First Order Draft Emission Factors from CEPMEIP: technology selected Technology Sum of Emission(kTon) CRF/NFRCode CountryName Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat plants: FGD or fabric filter; <20 mg/nm3 stack PM concentration; BAT Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat plants: Efficient 3 or 4-field ESP only (removal efficiency about 99.5%) Autoproducer electricity, heat and CHP plants, and public heat plants: Conventional ESP (removal efficiency equal or better than 98%) Power Plants on Other Bituminous Coal & Anthracite Per country one technology selected Based on the CEPMEIP 1995 inventory 1.A.1.a Austria 0.19 Belgium 1.28 Czech Republic 1.37 Denmark 0.77 Finland 0.43 France 3.17 Germany 4.52 Greece 0.00 Ireland 0.78 Italy 3.04 Netherlands 1.07 Poland Portugal 1.61 Slovak Republic 0.52 Spain 7.78 Sweden 0.07 United Kingdom Grand Total Country data needed to improve: EF measurements? Technologies used?

9 PM2.5 emissions in Europe National totals Total emissions in the EU25: 1300 kton. The other countries in this study add about 500 kton Total PM2.5 emissions are about 40% of the PM10 emissions Larger countries contribute more to the total emissions than smaller countries. Some discrepancies with RAINS estimates Emission(kTon) Pollutant CountryGroup CountryName PM2.5 PM10 EU25 Austria Belgium Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom EU25 Total CC Bulgaria Romania Turkey CC Total AC Albania Bosnia-Herzegovina Croatia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia&Montenegro) Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia AC Total EFTA Iceland Norway Switzerland EFTA Total Grand Total

10 PM2.5 emissions in Europe Contributions by fuel Non-combustion sources contribute more than half of the PM10 emissions one third to the PM2.5 emissions. The very large share to PM10 emissions is due to the inclusion of wind blown dust in agriculture. Solid fuels are by far the largest combustion source for PM10, followed by Liquids and Biomass. For PM2.5 the largest combustion source is Liquids, followed by Biomass and Solids. Emission(kTon) FuelGroup SectorGroupName PM2.5 PM10 Solids Combustion in Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Non-industrial combustion Mobile sources Solids Total Liquids Combustion in Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Non-industrial combustion Mobile sources Liquids Total Gaseous Combustion in Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Non-industrial combustion Mobile sources Gaseous Total Waste Combustion in Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Waste Total Biomass Combustion in Energy Industry Manufacturing Industry Non-industrial combustion Biomass Total None Combustion in Energy Industry Fugitive emissions from Energy Industrial Processes & Product Use Mobile sources Agriculture Waste treatment None Total Grand Total

11 Technologies in Industrial Combustion Other Bituminous Coal & Anthracite in Industrial combustion 250 Older installation; uncontrolled or cyclone only PM2.5 Activity Emissions rate (PJ) (kton) Older installation; uncontrolled Low-medium S-fuel; conventional large installation Low S-fuel; efficient combustion Low S-fuel; conventional installation High S-fuel and/or sub-optimal combustion - Luxembourg Lithuania Latvia Italy Ireland Iceland Greece Germany France Finland Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Estonia Denmark Czech Republic Cyprus Croatia Bulgaria Belgium Austria Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom End-of-pipe PM capture (scrubber, ESP, fabric filter etc.); small unit End-of-pipe PM capture (scrubber, ESP, fabric filter etc.); large unit Conventional small industrial uncontrolled unit or equipped with multicyclone only Conventional large unit equipped with multicyclone only

12 Technologies in Diesel Fuelled Passenger Cars Emissions from light duty vehicles on Gas/Diesel Oil (kilogram/inhabitant) Switzerland Norway Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Croatia Bosnia-Herzegovina Albania Turkey Romania Bulgaria United Kingdom Sweden Spain Slovenia Slovak Republic Portugal Poland Netherlands Malta Luxembourg (not included) Lithuania Latvia Italy Ireland Hungary Greece Germany France Finland Estonia Denmark Czech Republic Cyprus Belgium Austria EURO IV, L. Duty, spark ignition engines: 4-stroke, not DI EURO III, L. Duty, spark ignition engines: 4-stroke, not DI EURO II, L. Duty, spark ignition engines: 4-stroke, not DI EURO I, L. Duty, spark ignition engines: 4-stroke, not DI EURO III , diesel light duty and passenger cars EURO II , diesel light duty and passenger cars EURO I /94, diesel light duty and passenger cars No control - light duty and passenger cars EURO III heavy duty vehicles EURO II heavy duty vehicles EURO I heavy duty vehicles No control - heavy duty vehicles

13 Next steps First order draft on CIRCA Air and Climate Change interest group Overview Detailed information on activities, technologies and emission factors for each country Information on uncertainties EIONET emission experts invited to correct and comment We will compare our result with IIASA/RAINS estimate as soon as this is available We will produce Second Order draft in Autumn Updated activity data (if needed) Technology selection corrected and/or confirmed Available country specific EFs included Harmonized with IIASA/RAINS estimate Decrease uncertainties We will present the Second Order Draft at the Autumn TFEIP/EIONET meeting in Thessaloniki