LCI - INDIA. Conference on LCA June 27, 2018 REGIONAL CENTER EXPERIENCE. Confederation of Indian Industry

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1 LCI - INDIA REGIONAL CENTER EXPERIENCE Conference on LCA June 27, 2018

2 SRI REGIONAL COORDINATION CENTER OBJECTIVES Represent SRI Project in India and in surrounding region Building a national and regional network of LCA and LCI data experts Organize data collection at a national and regional level IMPACTS Developed regional datasets for Plastic recycling, coal, steel, cement, Transportation etc Introduced the concept of LCA to over 7,000 stakeholders Trained sustainability professionals within an organization as well as consultants to conduct LCA studies

3 SUSTAINABLE RECYCLING INDUSTRIES- REGIONAL COORDINATION CENTRE Capacity building workshops 6 workshops in 4 cities in partnership with Quantis in 2015 LCA Conference in June 2017 Approximately 350 participants LCA sessions during GreenCo Summit for 5 consecutive years since 2013 Each summit has over 250 participants Promoting ecoinvent at all GreenCo trainings Over 4,000 industry stakeholders Webinars with over 150 participants

4 WAY FORWARD Disseminate the outcome of LCI datasets e.g. plastic recycling, steel, power and cement Awareness creation Workshops, webinars, newsletters, Conference on LCA Continue to promote Life Cycle approach through GreenCo Rating Identify new sectors for development of India specific datasets Aluminium, Glass, Textiles, Paper, Tea etc.

5 LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY FOR RECYCLED PLASTICS

6 JOURNEY OF ELECTRONIC GOODS TO ELECTRONIC WASTES 6 8 years High in Value Highly Used High in Value Potential for high Re-use

7 JOURNEY OF ELECTRONIC GOODS TO ELECTRONIC WASTES Metals Aluminum, Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Gallium, Gold, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Palladium, Platinum, Selenium, Silver, Zinc Glass & Others Plastics ABS, HIPS, PP, PC etc.

8 PLASTIC CONCENTRATION IN WEEE Equipment Category Large household Appliances Small Household Appliances Ferrous Metals Non-ferrous metals Glass Plastics Others 61% 7% 3% 9% 21% 19% 1% 0% 48% 32% IT Equipment 43% - 4% 30% 20% Telecom 13% 7% - 74% 6% TV, Radio, Etc. 11% 2% 35% 31% 22% Source: Toxics Link

9 E-WASTE PLASTIC FLOW IN INDIA Consumer E-waste dismantling: ~10% formal, ~90% informal E-waste housings: mostly informal, plastic from formal recyclers end up in informal sector (via traders) >96% of units informal Dismantling (e-waste) Recycling Low quality, low value product Collection Segregation Sold for fuel, used for firing and Brick kilns Uncontrolled emissions ~60% (total plastic) >90% (e-waste housings) ~30% (total plastic: most thermoset, thermoplastic recycled >4x) <10% (e-waste housings)

10 TYPES OF PLASTIC RECYCLING IN INDIA Formal Semi-formal Informal

11 FORMAL PLASTIC RECYCLERS Efficient machines, Adequate ventilation, Use of PPE during operations, Capture of fumes generated during extrusion, Treatment facility for waste water, R & D and testing lab Picture Courtesy: Banyan Nation

12 INFORMAL PLASTIC RECYCLERS Mostly informal enterprises E.g.: Approximately 54,000 units in Delhi Employs urban poor ~7,50,000 Basic technology Innovative segregation process Source: Toxics Link

13 THE PROBLEM!!! Photo Courtesy: ToxicsLink, E-Parisaraa

14 CHALLENGE Additives and hazardous substances Problematic during recycling and disposal Exposure can lead to: Heavy metals: carcinogenic, damages to kidney, lungs, bones, skin, reproduction potential and miscarriages. BFRs (PBDEs): potential carcinogen, act on the nervous system Dioxins and Furans: Carcinogenic, reproductive and developmental problems, weakened immune system, interferences with the hormone system

15 MIXED PLASTICS Low grade plastic products

16 SEGREGATED PLASTICS Upcycling Downcycling

17 E-WASTE PLASTIC IS A HIGHLY VALUABLE RESOURCE Electronic housings are made of high-value polymers HIPS, ABS and PC. E-waste housings can be recycled into high-quality material and reused in electronic equipment Prices Europe India Virgin 100% 100% Recycled >120% ~50-60% EU development was driven by innovative companies: Recyclers Compounders Producers..and Policy

18 LCI PLASTIC RECYCLING India s plastic recycling market is huge Essential to focus on plastic recycling industry Encourage more upcycling and reduce downcycling Detailed life cycle assessment on recycled plastics Life cycle inventories will be an essential tool Facilitate more plastic users to decide on selection of plastics

19 LCI DATASETS FORMAL & INFORMAL SECTOR Collection of Raw Materials Dismantling, Sorting & Clean-up Grinding Pelletizing, Moulding & Colouring Transport Compare & analyze formal and informal sector s performance

20 APPROACH Data collection questionnaire Visit to Informal and formal plastic recycling facilities Compilation and analysis of data Development of datasets using Ecoeditor

21 COMPARISON BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL Formal Sector Scientific method of identification and segregation of plastic Provision for adequate ventilation Strict use of PPE during operations Capture of fumes generated during extrusion Through scrubbing Treatment facility for waste water R & D and testing lab Informal Sector Crude methods of identification and segregation of plastic Highly congested & poorly ventilated and illuminated working spaces Continuous exposure to hazardous fumes and particulate matter Environmental impact through open disposal of waste water Disposal of waste through burning in brick kilns

22 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PLASTIC RECYCLING Climate Change Informal Formal Collection Dismantling/ Sorting Grinding Palletization, Coloring Transport TOTAL All units in gm CO 2eq /kg

23 PROJECT ENABLES RECYCLED PLASTICS PRODUCTION High-quality Certified environmental benefits RoHS-compliant..to facilitate more value addition through upcycling

24 THANK YOU